Deck 17: Human Agency: Individuals and Groups in Society Changing Social Structures

Question 1

What did the Arab Spring of 2011 have in common with the 1917 Communist overthrow of the Tsarist regime in Russia?

A) Neither resulted in observable change.
B) These events had nothing in common.
C) Both fit the criteria for a revolutionary movement.
D) Both fit the criteria for a resistance movement.

Answer 1

Both fit the criteria for a revolutionary movement.

Question 2

According to Harding, one way newly freed Blacks asserted their independence after the Civil War, despite ongoing oppression, was to

A) request permission to carry guns and drive carriages.
B) enslave White people in sharecropper arrangements.
C) send their children to formerly Whites-only schools.
D) withdraw women from the full-time agricultural labor force.

Answer 2

withdraw women from the full-time agricultural labor force.

Question 3

Peter Berger's comment, "Society penetrates us as much as it envelopes us," is an expression of the _____ view, the idea that human behavior or actions are entirely controlled by outside forces.

A) deterministic
B) agency
C) fatalistic
D) ideology

Answer 3

deterministic

Question 4

What is the term for a time when the goal of maintaining the formal structure of a movement's organization becomes more important than the original goals of the social movement?

A)Goal displacement
B) Goal integration
C) Assimilation
D) Institutionalization

Question 5

Groups that are explicitly organized either to resist change or seek to reverse changes that have already occurred and restore traditional values are known as _____ movements.

A) revolutionary
B) counter-revolutionary
C) reform
D) resistance

Question 6

In the early 20th century, _____ were passed that allowed all public facilities in the South to be segregated, under the principle of separate but equal.

A) emancipation proclamations
B) Black Codes
C) Jim Crow laws
D) sharecropper fairness laws

Question 7

The _____ were laws passed by Southern states and local governments to keep Blacks "in their place."

A) Emancipation Proclamations
B) Black Codes
C) Jim Crow laws
D) Black Exclusion Acts

Question 8

What term is used in the chapter to refer to fugitive slaves who formed small guerrilla groups that harassed neighboring plantations and helped other slaves to escape?

A) Pirates
B) Freedom fighters
C) Outlyers
D) Terrorists

Question 9

The term ideology is defined as

A) a collective/group attempt to promote or resist change.
B) the idea that human behavior or actions are entirely controlled by outside forces.
C) a set of ideas that explains reality, provides guidelines for behavior, and expresses the interests of a group.
D) what occurs when the goal of maintaining the formal structure of a movement's organization becomes more important than the original goals of the social movement.

Question 10

Who was the young minister who emerged as a leader of the civil rights movement and inspired African Americans to use nonviolent resistance to overthrow their oppressors' unfair laws and practices?

A) Martin Luther King, Jr.
B) Malcolm X
C) Eldridge Cleaver
D) Emmitt Till

Question 11

Which law came out of the Civil Rights Movement and banned discrimination in public facilities, education, employment, and in any agency receiving government funds?

A) 1964 Civil Rights Bill
B) 1965 Voting Rights Act
C) 1972 Equal Rights Amendment
D) 1990 Americans with Disabilities Act

Question 12

As a result of _____ across the country, many universities notified manufacturers of university-branded products that they must disclose the locations of their factories.

A) lawsuits by unions
B) student protests
C) discussion by faculty committees
D) consensus among apparel manufacturers

Question 13

The stage of _____ is reached when a social movement is integrated into society and its goals have been accomplished.

A) goal determinism
B) goal displacement
C) assimilation
D) institutionalization

Question 14

Though Rosa Parks is credited with starting the civil rights movement in 1955 when she refused to move to the back of the bus, in fact this movement

A) was started behind closed doors at a secret meeting of the leaders of the Baptist church and the federal government.
B) is not the result of one event but the inevitable outcome of centuries of mistreatment of Black people by White people and their governments.
C) actually began with the lunch counter sit-ins in Greensboro, North Carolina, in 1960.
D) began in 1960 with Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I Have a Dream" speech.

Question 15

Despite a political climate of weakened federal requirements and deregulation following the election of Ronald Reagan, in 1989 Congress passed the _____ Act, historic legislation aimed at protecting the civil rights of people with disabilities.

A) Americans with Disabilities
B) Rehabilitation
C) Revised Civil Rights
D) Disabilities in Action

Question 16

Shortly after World War II, the NAACP challenged the concept of separate but equal schooling in the courts. In 1954, the Supreme Court ruled in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas that separate educational facilities are

A) a matter on which the American public should vote.
B) a matter for the states to decide.
C) inherently equal.
D) inherently unequal.

Question 17

Which term descibes a collective attempt to promote or resist change?

A) Protest movement
B) Social movement
C) Determinism
D) Goal displacement

Question 18

Which of the following was NOT an oppressive White response to Black emancipation immediately following the Civil War?

A) Black people, even elderly women such as Rosa Parks, were required to give their bus seats to White people.
B) The Ku Klux Klan and local vigilante groups conducted raids, lynchings, beatings, and burnings.
C) The courts were much more likely to send Blacks to prison than Whites.
D) Overt slavery was replaced with a more covert kind of slavery: sharecropping.

Question 19

Which law prohibited the use of literacy and similar tests to screen voting applicants and allowed federal examiners to monitor elections?

A) 1964 Civil Rights Bill
B) 1965 Voting Rights Act
C) 1972 Equal Rights Amendment
D) 1990 Americans with Disabilities Act

Question 20

_____ movements seek to alter a specific part of society, typically focusing on a single issue.

A) Resistance
B) Reform
C) Revolutionary
D) Social

Question 21

Which organization promotes accurate and positive images of gays in television, films, and advertising?

A) Lambda Legal
B) Gay and Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation
C) National Gay and Lesbian Task Force
D) Human Rights Campaign

Question 22

What pushed the gay rights movement forward in the late 1980s, based on the realization that government needed to act quickly?

A) Stonewall riot
B) Christian Coalition
C) Election of Ronald Reagan
D) AIDS epidemic

Question 23

The election of Ronald Reagan and a surge of _____ in the early 1980s briefly inhibited the gay rights movement.

A) feminism
B) affirmative action
C) Christian fundamentalism
D) progressivism

Question 24

Patti was a high school athlete in 1971, when _____ girls participated in sports. Today, her granddaughter takes it for granted that she can play goalie on her soccer team and dream of being just like Hope Solo.

A) more than 3.17 million
B) almost 1.3 million
C) more than 750,000
D) fewer than 300,000

Question 25

According to the Gay and Lesbian Victory Institute, there are _____ openly LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender) appointed and elected officials across the United States.

A) almost 500
B) over 1,000
C) nearly 100,000
D) millions of

Question 26

The precipitating event for gay and lesbian unity was the _____, which occurred on June 28, 1969, in response to a police raid.

A) homosexual suffrage conference
B) civil rights movement
C) Seneca Falls conference
D) Stonewall riot

Question 27

In 1915, Emma Goldman became the first political activist to

A) sign the Seneca Falls declaration of women's suffrage.
B) refuse to give up her seat to a White man on a bus in Alabama.
C) speak publicly in favor of gay and lesbian rights.
D) organize protests against sweatshops.

Question 28

At the time of Stonewall, 48 states had sodomy laws meant to outlaw homosexual sex. In 2003

A) all 50 states had such laws.
B) those laws were overturned.
C) only half the states still had such laws.
D) only 13 states still had such laws.

Question 29

The first convention in history devoted to women's rights was held in July 1848 in

A) Montgomery, Alabama.
B) Seneca Falls, New York.
C) Waldon Pond, Massachusetts.
D) Amherst, Massachusetts.

Question 30

The chapter notes that one of the most recent, interesting, and successful battles for gender equity has occurred in _____, although it was (and is) an institution that contributes to and perpetuates male dominance in society.

A) higher education
B) the business world
C) sports
D) the men's movement

Question 31

On October 11, 1987, the Reverend Jesse Jackson spoke at a protest in Washington, DC, that drew about a quarter of a million people in support of

A) gay rights.
B) Title IX.
C) feminism.
D) the Equal Rights Amendment.

Question 32

In what year were women in the United States granted the right to vote?

A) 1776
B) 1860
C) 1914
D) 1920

Question 33

Today, many feminist activities occur at _____, where issues of race, class, and sexuality are important and part of people's daily lives.

A) the grassroots level
B) the National Organization for Women
C) Seneca Falls
D) the corporate level

Question 34

Thanks to a groundbreaking decision in 1998, the Supreme Court ensured that _____ applies to all employees, regardless of gender or sexual orientation.

A) equal pay for equal work
B) Title IX
C) sexual harassment policy
D) separate but equal

Question 35

As Susan Faludi noted in 1991, political, legal, and media opposition to _____ continues to undermine women's equality.

A) mothers
B) feminism
C) the poor
D) formal protest organizations

Question 36

Female athletes, especially those involved in sports requiring strength and aggression, continue to battle stereotypes, because they do not conform to the

A) same rules for their sports as men do.
B) social requirements that all athletes should be individual stars.
C) dominant cultural definitions of femininity.
D) social requirements that all athletes should be team players.

Question 37

The Civil Rights Movement and other protest movements of the 1960s spread the ideology of _____. But like the early feminists, women involved in these political protest movements were frustrated by the male dominance they encountered.

A) equality
B) voting rights
C) separate but equal
D) overthrowing all civilized values

Question 38

As Naples noted in 1998, "In communities across the country, _____ fight against the abuse of women, against corporate poisoning of their neighborhoods, against homophobia and racism, and for people-oriented economic development, immigrants' rights, educational equity, and adequate wages."

A) women
B) women and men
C) men
D) women and children

Question 39

What term was used by the early feminists who demanded that women be given to the right to vote?

A) Civil rights
B) Women's liberation
C) Feminist voting rights
D) Women's suffrage

Question 40

In 2003, Massachusetts became the first state to legalize gay marriage. As of June, 2015, same-sex marriage is legal in _____ states.

A) all 50
B) 37
C) 25
D) 13

Question 41

What do the civil rights movement and the effort to pass Title IX have in common?

A) Both are examples of change that was effected from the bottom up.
B) Both are examples of change that was effected from the top down..
C) Both were motivated by a desire to improve the lives of African Americans.
D) Both were motivated by a desire to make college education more affordable for all.

Question 42

Which of the following is a populist movement that is libertarian, antigovernment, and follows the teachings of Ayn Rand?

A) Tea Party
B) Conservative Coalition
C) Republican Party
D) Progressive Movement

Question 43

The chapter concludes that human beings can be agents of change

A) when their overlords allow them to be.
B) when they suffer from false consciousness.
C) and protectors of the status quo.
D) if they choose to be.

Question 44

Jim believes that feminism makes life better for everyone. He therefore makes sure he does half the household chores, so his wife is not doing all of it when she gets home from work. This is an example of politics at the _____ level.

A) macro
B) micro
C) extreme
D) institutional

Question 45

Recent events in Egypt, Libya, Syria, and elsewhere in the Middle East reveal how the powerless

A) effect change through individual responsbility.
B) can turn to their governments when times are hard.
C) gain power through social movements.
D) are helpless to effect real change.

Question 46

Recently, extreme social inequality, high unemployment especially among the young, and continuing poverty have provided the conditions for

A) greater apathy.
B) social unrest.
C) social complacency.
D) religious reform.

Question 47

The chapter notes that at the _____ level, the most important struggles involve overturning existing structures of exploitation and domination.

A) spiritual
B) personal
C) macro political
D) micro political

Question 48

Which Republican president led an activist government that addressed workplace problems such as safety regulations, child labor, and disability compensation?

A) Ronald Reagan
B) Gerald Ford
C) Franklin D. Roosevelt
D) Theodore Roosevelt

Question 49

The chapter notes two important implications for each member of our society. The first is that we do not have to be

A) passive actors who accept society's institutional imperatives as inevitable.
B) politically involved to effect change.
C) employed to enjoy the full benefits of U.S. citizenship.
D) feminists to believe in the concept of equal pay for equal work.

Question 50

More than 100 years ago, the _____ movement began as a reaction to unchecked capitalism, the robber barons, economic exploitation, and political corruption.

A) Civil Rights
B) Feminist
C) Progressive
D) Gay Rights