Deck 13: Families

Question 1

_____ experience their childhoods differently, because there are different expectations, different rules, and different punishments.

A) Blacks and Whites
B) The rich and the poor
C) Girls and boys
D) Children from one-parent vs. two-parent households

Answer 1

Girls and boys

Question 2

Up until World War II, industry operated with the assumption that men worked outside the home and women did unpaid work within the home. Therefore, men were paid a _____, an income intended to support a family.

A) family wage
B) fair day's wage for a fair day's work
C) working man's wage
D) breadwinner's wage

Answer 2

family wage

Question 3

Part of the idea that families once were more stable than today is based on the concept of three generations living under one roof or in close proximity. Research shows that the three-generational family

A) is still common.
B) was the norm until the advent of the Social Security system.
C) was not actually common.
D) is actually deeply destabilizing to families.

Answer 3

was not actually common.

Question 4

Which myth about families is represented by a White, middle-class, heterosexual, father-as-breadwinner, mother-as-homemaker, and children-at-home living in a one-family house?

A) The myth of separate worlds
B) The myth of the monolithic family form
C) The myth of a unified family experience.
D) The myth of a stable and harmonious family of the past

Question 5

The idea that social problems are caused by the breakdown of families is flawed because it treats

A) society and families as though they are interrelated.
B) society as overly fragile and subject to damage.
C) families as the building blocks of society rather than as a product of social conditions.
D) families as breaking down when they are stronger than ever.

Question 6

Which myth of family life blames divorced and unwed mothers for damaging children, destroying families, and tearing apart the fabric of society?

A) The myth of family decline as the cause of social problems
B) The myth of a unified family experience
C) The myth of the monolithic family form
D) The myth of family decline as the cause of social problems.

Question 7

What percentage of U.S. households today matches the ideal of a married couple with children in which only the husband has a job?

A) 75%
B) 63%
C) 53%
D) 22%

Question 8

Many people think of families in the past as better adjusted, more stable, and happier than today. Researchers have found that

A) there was never a golden age of the family.
B) the true golden age of the family predates anyone alive today.
C) this was true for the 1950s but not for the 1850s.
D) families are happier and more stable now that at any time in the past.

Question 9

The myth of the unified family experience is that we assume

A) all family members experience family life in the same way.
B) all families share similar experiences.
C) the experience of each family member is unique.
D) every unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.

Question 10

According to the myth of separate worlds, the family is

A) the place where "when you have to go there, they have to take you in."
B) the public face of private tragedy.
C) an economic engine.
D) a "haven in a heartless world."

Question 11

The myth of family decline as the cause of social problems promotes which of these ideas?

A) Fatherless families or women working outside the home are the reasons for poverty, violence, and crime.
B) The family is a gendered institution.
C) Reality television has ushered in a new depiction of family life.
D) Social inequalities prevent many people from experiencing the good things in life.

Question 12

According to historian Stephanie Coontz in her book, Marriage: A History, the change from _____ to _____ is what made marriages today more fragile than those of the past.

A) women working only in the home; women working primarily outside the home
B) marriage as an economic and political insitution; a voluntary love relationship
C) men's self-image as breadwinner; men's self-image as "player"
D) polygamy; monogamy

Question 13

Which myth of family life ignores the fact that males and females perceive the same events in their lives very differently?

A) The myth of family decline as the cause of social problems
B) The myth of a unified family experience
C) The myth of the monolithic family form
D) The myth of separate worlds

Question 14

Prior to _____, there was very little separation between work and family.

A) the Feminist movement of the 1970s
B) the American Revolution
C) agrarianism
D) industrialization

Question 15

Which myth about family life glorifies family life in a way that masks its dark side?

A) The myth of separate worlds
B) The myth of the monolithic family form
C) The myth of a unified family experience.
D) The myth of a stable and harmonious family of the past

Question 16

In which decades, coinciding with rising divorce rates, did family forms start to become more diverse on television?

A) 1950s and 1960s
B) 1960s and 1970s
C) 1970s and 1980s
D) 1980s and 1990s

Question 17

Which sociological perspective sees different family arrangements emerging out of different social and economic contexts?

A) Traditional model
B) Family values model
C) Conflict model
D) Order model

Question 18

Which term is considered code for reinstating the traditional concept of the nuclear family as a way of protecting the social order?

A) Order perspective
B) Family values
C) Conflict perspective
D) Premodern family

Question 19

In 1950, _____ of U.S. families fit the model of a male breadwinner, a female full-time homemaker, and their dependent children.

A) 22%
B) 60%
C) 75%
D) 83%

Question 20

Which term refers to an individual or family moving down in social class due to economic changes?

A) Social descent
B) Downward mobility
C) Descending the social ladder
D) Course correction

Question 21

Same-sex marriage was legalized on June 27, 2015. Prior to that decision, there was much debate on both sides. Supporters of same-sex marriage argued that denying same-sex couples access to things straight couples take for granted, such as _____, was discriminatory.

A) setting up a household together
B) Social Security benefits, health care, and pension benefits
C) sending their children to public school
D) starting a business together

Question 22

The fastest growth among nonfamily households in recent years has been among

A) immigrants.
B) cohabiting heterosexual couples.
C) college-age youth sharing apartments.
D) individuals living alone.

Question 23

According to sociologist Judith Stacey, women of immigrant and racial minority families who relied on the support of relatives and the community in order to provide for their families by working outside the home were pioneers of new family forms Stacey calls

A) postmodern families.
B) nonfamily households.
C) modern families.
D) spillover families.

Question 24

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, a(n) _____ consists of two or more persons related by birth, marriage, or adoption who reside together.

A) family
B) household
C) nonfamily household
D) extended family

Question 25

Although families throughout society are changing as a result of macroeconomic forces, the changes are most profound among

A) upper-class families, who are making more money than ever.
B) middle-class families, who find it hard to afford college for their children.
C) working-class families, who are being fired or laid off in disproportionate numbers.
D) low-income families, although they are accustomed to hard times.

Question 26

Tough economic conditions have caused couples to

A) marry and have children earlier.
B) marry earlier but delay having children.
C) delay marriage and/or children.
D) delay marriage but have children immediately afterward.

Question 27

What is defined as one or more persons living in a residence, whether related or not?

A) Family home
B) Extended family
C) Family
D) Household

Question 28

Jessie Bernard's work demonstrated that each marriage is actually

A) two marriages-his and hers.
B) the merging of two separate human beings into a single entity.
C) impossible to evaluate from the outside.
D) a balance of advantage and abuse.

Question 29

Recent research finds the _____ benefits of marriage to be uneven; that is, they differ by social class and race.

A) intimacy
B) companionship
C) social
D) economic

Question 30

Companionship and intimacy are obvious benefits of marriage, but research has also found another benefit, which is

A) married people who divorce are happier than people who never marry.
B) married people enjoy participating in risky behaviors like excessive drinking together.
C) marriage promotes better health, both physical and mental.
D) marriage promotes a higher level of education.

Question 31

Frank and Marty have been a couple for 25 years but they only married in July, 2015, following the landmark U.S. Supreme Court ruling that allows same-sex marriage in all 50 states. In the 2010 census, they were recorded as living in a _____, but in 2020 they will be considered a _____.

A) household; family.
B) nonfamily household; household.
C) nonfamily household; family.
D) nonfamily household; real household.

Question 32

Greta is a 62-year-old woman who is raising her five-year-old grandson. They rent an apartment in a converted garage behind a house in a residential neighborhood of a small city. When the census taker visits Greta, she records this household as a

A) blended family.
B) family.
C) nonfamily household.
D) postmodern family.

Question 33

Jane and Mary are in their senior year of college. They have decided to forego dorm life and rent an apartment of their own. When the census-taker appears at their door, he records them as a(n)

A) family.
B) nonfamily household.
C) extended family.
D) same-sex couple.

Question 34

Which type of family did sociologist Judith Stacey find was much less likely to follow the modern family format?

A) Upper-class families
B) Middle-class families
C) Working-class families
D) Low-income families

Question 35

In 1970, 72% of all U.S. adults were married. Today, that figure is

A) just over 60%.
B) almost 55%.
C) just under 50%.
D) almost 25%.

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT one of the patterns noted about divorce in the United States?

A) One in five marriages ends in divorce or separation within five years.
B) Couples who separate do so, on average, after seven years and divorce after eight years.
C) One in eight marriages dissolves within 10 years.
D) Divorce patterns for African Americans differ from those of Whites.

Question 37

The _____ is made up of family scholars and therapists, educators, policymakers, and religious leaders who have proposed a number of strategies for improving marriage and reducing divorce.

A) feminist movement
B) marriage movement
C) family enhancement movement
D) conservative coalition

Question 38

In the next decade, the overall composition of households is projected to continue to shift, with a increasing proportion of

A) nonfamily households.
B) family households.
C) modern families.
D) traditional families.

Question 39

According to the chapter, a family's location in the _____ is the single most important determinant of family life.

A) modern vs. postmodern dichotomy
B) class system
C) East Coast of the United States
D) industrialized northeastern United States

Question 40

John was raised in a home that was the epitome of the 1950s model of an intact nuclear household composed of a male breadwinner, his full-time homemaker wife, and their dependent children. He was surprised to learn that his wife did not want to continue this model of the _____, but preferred to have her own job.

A) downwardly mobile family
B) preindustrial family
C) modern family
D) postmodern family

Question 41

A comparison of various factors such as infant mortality, child and teen death rates, and teen birth rates show that children's well-being in the early 21st century is _____ than in the late 20th century.

A) equal to
B) somewhat worse
C) much worse
D) better

Question 42

The term _____ is used to describe the transfer of moods, feelings, and behavior between work and family settings.

A) glass wall
B) boundary issue
C) spillover
D) stress reaction

Question 43

The chapter predicts several possibilities for families in the future based on the growing numbers of senior citizens in our society. Which of the following is NOT one of those predictions?

A) The percentage of multigenerational households will grow.
B) Elders will enter shared living arrangement such as dorm-style living in retirement communities.
C) Adult children will boomerang back to their parents.
D) Parents will boomerang back to their adult children.

Question 44

Which term is defined as the way in which the connections between jobs and family life may be a source of tension for workers and family members?

A) Spillover
B) Work-family interference
C) Home-as-haven
D) Work-life balance

Question 45

During the 20th century, the population of the United States experienced a profound change-it became older and is on the verge of becoming much older. The chapter refers to this phenomenon as the

A) multigenerational family.
B) grandparent glut.
C) senior boom.
D) second childhood.

Question 46

What percentage of people in the United States who remarry were previously divorced (rather than widowed)?

A) 10%
B) 40%
C) 60%
D) 90%

Question 47

The chapter makes the case that, along with the changing pace of life, _____ is (are) decreasing family interactions.

A) rites of passage
B) technology
C) formal education
D) afterschool jobs

Question 48

Trends regarding families led Joseph Coates in 2002 to make predictions about family life in the future. What did he speculate about divorce?

A) Divorce rates will diminish as more minority families decide to remain intact.
B) Divorce rates will soar as more women enter the workforce, either out of necessity or a desire for personal fulfillment.
C) Divorce will diminish because society will focus on creating more effective families as profamily movements emerge.
D) Divorce will continue but society will focus on creating more effective families as profamily movements emerge.

Question 49

Since the 1960s, the rise of _____ in the workforce has been dramatic, creating both benefits and constraints for families.

A) women
B) African Americans
C) Latinos
D) first-generation immigrants

Question 50

Unlike premodern societies, which have _____ serving to identify the individual as a child or an adult, adulthood in U.S. society is unclear.

A) rites of passage
B) secret names
C) identity cards
D) technology