Deck 17: Education

Question 1

Which of the following is an important aspect of public education in Canada?

A) teaching students about popular culture
B) teaching students common culture
C) ensuring students are not sorted into categories that will shape their futures
D) teaching students how to avoid political influence and think for themselves

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Robert does not do well in the academic curriculum at his high school and has been placed in the "trades" math and English classes.While he will be able to graduate with the classes,they are not sufficient to get him into university.What educational process is Robert engaged in?

A) sorting
B) slotting
C) funnelling
D) classifying

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Soon-Li has a degree in biochemistry from the nation where almost 50 percent of the population aged 25-64 has some type of college of university credential.Where has she gone to school?

A) Japan
B) Canada
C) the United States
D) Sweden

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Education systems direct students who have less developed academic skills into a future in the lower classes.What do we call this process?

A) funnelling
B) slotting
C) sorting
D) classifying

Question 5

Around 1900,which two countries were the first to create systems of universal education for youth?

A) Germany and France
B) the United Kingdom and Ireland
C) Italy and Japan
D) Canada and the United States

Question 6

The education system is second in importance today to which of the following agents of socialization?

A) media
B) family
C) religion
D) peers

Question 7

In the 1400s,which of the following people was most likely to be literate?

A) Jim Sweeney, an textile artisan
B) Thaddeus Bennett, a priest
C) Jonathan Williams, a wealthy landowner
D) Timothy Phillips, a rich mercantilist

Question 8

By 2008-2009,approximately what proportion of Canadians aged 25-64 had completed some type of postsecondary education?

A) one-quarter
B) one-third
C) one-half
D) two-thirds

Question 9

Which of the following nations is the most likely to have instituted universal education?

A) New Zealand
B) Egypt
C) South Africa
D) Greece

Question 10

In 1536,who was burned at the stake for translating the Bible into the standard King James Bible?

A) King James II
B) William Tyndale
C) James Findlay Fraser
D) Phillip Wexford

Question 11

According to the textbook,from what does mass education arise?

A) a class system
B) globalization
C) industrialization
D) multiculturalism

Question 12

What was the purpose of the September 1969 demonstration in Montreal?

A) to ensure that the French language became the official language in Quebec
B) to ensure that the English language in Quebec was only used in government
C) to ensure that French became a requirement of immigration to Quebec
D) to ensure that English was not taught in any Quebec schools

Question 13

What was the most significant outcome of the September 1969 demonstration in Montreal?

A) It radicalized the newly formed Bloc Québécois.
B) It fuelled the creation of the separatist movement.
C) It made "language" a ground for discrimination in the Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
D) It made French the official language for education, business, and public administration.

Question 14

Prior to 1969,what was the public school system in Montreal viewed as doing?

A) preparing children for leadership in the new French public administration
B) radicalizing the French student body
C) anglicizing the student body
D) undermining the use of French as the preferred language in universities.

Question 15

In the 1700s,Edward was taught reading,mathematics,history,philosophy,and several languages.Where did he almost certainly get this education?

A) at a university
B) at a monastery
C) at his home
D) at a local marketplace

Question 16

What do we call the process whereby education enforces common standards?

A) multiculturalism
B) pluralism
C) homogenizing
D) winnowing

Question 17

In the 1960s,what were the children of immigrants who spoke neither French nor English called?

A) unilinguists
B) allophones
C) sans culottes
D) anti-linguists

Question 18

Why is education often a highly contested issue?

A) because it has power to shape the future through how and what pupils are taught
B) because it teaches pupils attitudes, preferences, and behaviours in line with separatism
C) because it demonstrates how many pupils are educated to take on leadership roles in the future
D) because it sorts pupils into three political streams: conservative, liberal, and social democratic

Question 19

How is homogeneity in schooling accomplished?

A) through the separation of culture and language from curricula
B) through the development of special classes for gifted and "at-risk" students
C) through the erasure of cultural differences at all levels of schooling
D) through the development of a uniform curriculum

Question 20

Every subject at Marie-France's school is taught only in French.What process does her educational experience exemplify?

A) allo-culturalizing
B) homogenizing
C) diversifying
D) unilateralizing

Question 21

Twenty-two-year-old Jack does not study much for his sociology midterm and writes a mediocre term paper.However,he is infuriated to discover that he is going into his final exam with a grade of a C.Which of the following most likely accounts for his anger at his grade?

A) grade inflation throughout his schooling to this point
B) a belief that the professors at his university mark students unfairly
C) a policy of "bell curving" grades so that his grade reflects other students' bad marks
D) the knowledge that professors give high grades for irrelevant knowledge and fail to recognize adeptness at mastery of things like social media skills

Question 22

A core belief of early Protestantism was that Christians should experience the word of God directly.What did this belief lead to in the 1500s?

A) more people entering religious orders
B) more people entering religious colleges
C) more people acquiring literacy skills
D) more people acquiring ministerial skills

Question 23

Given what is known about the effectiveness and desirability of virtual education,what is a likely outcome of the availability of online education?

A) It is likely to mainly be given to the elite because of the expense of sophisticated computer technology.
B) It is likely to be available to all equally, causing the first real democratizing of education.
C) It is likely to be available mainly to poorer students who cannot afford private schools that still employ teachers.
D) It is likely to fade out as people recognize that students at certain levels cannot teach themselves, even with facilitative assistance in the virtual classroom.

Question 24

According to the textbook,which of the following is one rationale for grade inflation?

A) the current generation's technological prowess
B) the sense of entitlement the current generation possesses
C) the fact that the current generation of professors were not trained as rigorously as the current generation of students
D) the fact that professors award grades today based on competence in extra-curricular activities and on leadership skills

Question 25

Just after she entered high school,Heather began to develop a keen interest in environmental issues,so she spearheaded the school recycling program.She is often frustrated with many of her teachers because they do not seem to understand the importance of her program.What function of education is illustrated here?

A) classification of assortative sorting
B) creation of professionalization
C) development of youth culture
D) fostering of a common cultural identity

Question 26

Which of the following educational backgrounds did the highest proportion of people earning $40 000-$59 000 per year in 2006 have?

A) trade school
B) college
C) university
D) direct real-world experience/apprenticeship

Question 27

In Canada in 1900,who had an enrolment in primary education of approximately 90 percent?

A) primary school girls
B) Asian immigrants
C) Indigenous children
D) trade unionists

Question 28

Andrew is currently in grade 9 and does not do well in school but manages to keep passing into the next grade.Which of the following terms best reflects his progress through school to grade 9?

A) educational attainment
B) educational achievement
C) educational mastery
D) educational triumph

Question 29

How was Canada able to maintain a universal system of mass education in the early years?

A) by providing students who attended regularly with financial incentives
B) by providing families of children who attended regularly with an allowance on a per-enrolled-child basis
C) by creating laws that made attendance by children compulsory
D) by creating small agricultural schools that taught farming education along with academic education

Question 30

Rosalind is the star pupil in her biology class and has learned the curriculum so well that she has received an honours designation for her work.Which of the following terms best reflects her mastery of the principles of biology?

A) educational attainment
B) educational achievement
C) educational mastery
D) educational triumph

Question 31

Lori cannot wait for her son Oscar to begin primary school so that she can return to paid work full-time.Which of the following functions of education will Lori be engaging in?

A) an lateral function
B) a manifest function
C) a latent function
D) a collateral function

Question 32

In which nation did a publicly funded,tax-supported education system first arise in conjunction with democracy?

A) Canada
B) the United States
C) France
D) England

Question 33

Jocelyn and Eric met at in the respiratory technology program at the local university-college,where both were there on student loans.They began dating and were engaged by the end of the program.In this situation,what educational process were Jocelyn and Eric involved in?

A) manifest functioning
B) assortative mating
C) acsriptive dating
D) latent functioning

Question 34

Why is education deemed to be a product,as well as a source,of wealth in a nation?

A) because people who are deemed the brightest and the best receive significant scholarship funds
B) because people who are interested in higher education are from the wealthy elite
C) because education is increasingly technological and only accessible to people with substantial financial resources
D) because a significant number of people must have freedom from the pressures of earning a living

Question 35

How did the introduction of the printing press lead to the expansion of mass education?

A) It spread the influence of the priesthood.
B) It spread the guild system beyond urban areas.
C) It spread literacy beyond those with elite educations.
D) It spread the elements of social reproduction and democracy.

Question 36

What do we call the special police force who rounded up children who were absent from schools in the early years?

A) education officers
B) literacy constables
C) truant officers
D) school enforcers

Question 37

What is the relationship between education,income,and employment?

A) Those with higher education have lower unemployment rates but lower-paying jobs.
B) Those with lower education have similar employment rates to those with higher education and similar pay.
C) Lower education results in higher employment in higher-paying jobs.
D) Higher education results in higher-paid jobs and lower unemployment.

Question 38

Which of the following functions of education can cause many types of role conflicts?

A) the development of civic education
B) the development of youth culture
C) the development of a culture of athletes
D) the development of technological expertise

Question 39

How might Canada have overcome the problem of not having sufficient wealth to educate university professors in the early twentieth century?

A) by hiring professors from abroad
B) by creating a special "education investment" tax
C) by bringing in curricula from abroad for undereducated people to transmit
D) by sending students abroad to be educated

Question 40

According to historians,one can determine the level of literacy in a society by the existence of which of the following?

A) attendance registers at religious academies
B) signatures on marriage documents
C) the number of letters sent and received by citizens
D) the number of birth certificates

Question 41

Teens who wear brand-name clothing,can speak knowledgeably about travel and music,and who are savvy with the latest technological gadgets can be said to have more of which of the following in comparison with teens without these resources?

A) cultural capital
B) social capital
C) economic capital
D) political capital

Question 42

Which of the following is an outcome of professionalization?

A) Individuals become overqualified in the pursuit of credentials.
B) Only people who have the required skills can get a job.
C) Class advantage becomes increasingly linked to professional credentials.
D) A more competitive society is created.

Question 43

By limiting the number of people who can enter an occupation,demand is kept high,ensuring wages are kept high.What do we call this process?

A) professionalization
B) credential inflation
C) social exclusion
D) meritorious inclusion

Question 44

Between 1988-89 and 2010-11,by what percentage did tuition rates for Canadian postsecondary students rise?

A) 87 percent
B) 100 percent
C) 164 percent
D) 200 percent

Question 45

Preparation for participation in the Canadian economy is illustrative of which of the following functions of education?

A) a lateral function
B) a collateral function
C) a latent function
D) a manifest function

Question 46

In Canada today,students are required to receive formal schooling until at least what age?

A) 12
B) 14
C) 16
D) 18

Question 47

What is exemplified by an appropriate attitude toward education,socially approved apparel and manners,and knowledge of books,art,and music?

A) professionalization
B) social wisdom
C) cultural capital
D) the hidden curriculum

Question 48

Twyla is a registered nurse (RN)who has been on the job for 20 years.While her job is safe because she is unionized,she notices that all new applicants for the same job are required to have a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN)degree.What process has taken place here?

A) meritocracy
B) credential inflation
C) professionalization
D) social exclusion

Question 49

Which of the following functions of education do the creation of a common identity,common standards,patriotism,and civic responsibility reflect?

A) a lateral function
B) a manifest function
C) a latent function
D) a collateral function

Question 50

Rupert is from an upper-class family and,despite his many advantages such as private tutoring,he cannot manage to graduate high school.What does his lack of success at school demonstrate?

A) meritocracy
B) professionalization
C) cultural capital
D) credential inflation

Question 51

Students in Ben's science class are drilled on terms and formulas daily and if they are late for class for any reason,they must stay in at lunch,writing the formulas out perfectly 100 times.According to Bourdieu,what is Ben's class being subjected to?

A) the hidden curriculum
B) social exclusion
C) pedagogic violence
D) a rote tribunal

Question 52

Besides the advances in education required in certain occupations due to technological advancements,the demand for higher and higher credentials also has social reasons.According to the textbook,how do new requirements work to keep lower-class people out of certain occupations and higher-class people in those occupations?

A) They act as a regulatory body.
B) They act as a sorting mechanism.
C) They act as a status achievement monitor.
D) They act as an achievement inhibitor.

Question 53

What do we call the trend whereby members of an occupation insist that people earn certain credentials in order to enter the occupation?

A) educational achievement
B) educational attainment
C) professionalization
D) credential inflation

Question 54

A large scholarship is available only to students whose parents are alumni from a certain university.What is reinforced by this criterion for scholarship application?

A) meritocracy
B) social exclusion
C) professionalization
D) credential inflation

Question 55

According to Bourdieu,teachers reinforce learning of dominant cultural values through the use of which of the following?

A) cultural capital
B) social exclusion
C) grade inflation
D) pedagogic violence

Question 56

Today,more than ever before,it takes an increasing number of certificates and degrees to qualify for particular jobs.What do we call this trend?

A) educational achievement
B) educational attainment
C) social exclusion
D) credential inflation

Question 57

Applications for a coveted internship at the provincial legislature are only open to postsecondary students whose parents have been involved in some kind of public office within the past ten years.What is reinforced by this criterion for application?

A) meritocracy
B) credential inflation
C) professionalization
D) social exclusion

Question 58

Leif and a group of other sociology students have started a campaign to have an open review of university administrators' salaries as they believe that there are massive gender inequities between people's pay on campus.Which of the following unintended functions of education are Leif and the others engaging in?

A) improving knowledge of the world
B) socializing students
C) creating political dissent
D) creating a homogenizing effect

Question 59

Raudger is attending British Columbia Institute of Technology to receive accreditation in interior design.Which of the following functions of education is Raudger engaging in?

A) an lateral function
B) a collateral function
C) a latent function
D) a manifest function

Question 60

Despite the fact that Jill is from a working-class background,she consistently achieves the highest grades in her classes.What does her success demonstrate?

A) professionalization
B) meritocracy
C) cultural capital
D) credential inflation

Question 61

Why would children of parents from Pakistan likely to be disadvantaged at school?

A) because they lack economic capital
B) because they lack popular culture capital
C) because they lack cultural capital
D) because they lack social inclusion capital

Question 62

Which of the following countries was one of the very first to link its national student body to the Internet?

A) China
B) France
C) Canada
D) Russia

Question 63

What do most sociologists conclude about IQ test scores?

A) They are social in origin.
B) They are genetic in origin.
C) They are the only true reflection of meritocracy.
D) They have become inflated.

Question 64

From the beginning of the twentieth century to today,IQ scores continue to increase along with social conditions,such that grandchildren consistently score higher than their grandparents.What do we call this trend?

A) the generational impact effect
B) the upward mobility curve
C) the Flynn effect
D) the Hawthorne distribution

Question 65

According to the textbook,why are schools unsuccessful in overcoming social class differences?

A) because there are differences in intelligence and ability between classes
B) because people are more comfortable remaining with their own class
C) because students are assigned to differing educational experiences based on their perceived intelligence
D) because many extracurricular educational opportunities cost money and are available to people based on ability to pay

Question 66

Research shows that when parental income and education are taken into account,university participation rates of children are more strongly correlated with their parents' education levels than their income.Which of the following theories does this research support?

A) Karl Marx's theory of economic capital
B) Emile Durkheim's theory of social integration
C) Randall Collin's theory of credential inflation
D) Pierre Bourdieu's theory of cultural capital

Question 67

From kindergarten through university,students are systematically taught to accept the curricula,routines,and grading systems imposed upon them by teaching personnel.Students are punished in various ways for non-compliance.What concept does this whole situation illustrate?

A) the existing stratification system
B) the self-fulfilling prophecy
C) false consciousness
D) the hidden curriculum

Question 68

Based on sociological research,what is IQ really a reflection of?

A) emotional intelligence
B) social standing
C) genetic endowment
D) racialized and gendered differences

Question 69

Bart is constantly told by one of his teachers that he is slow-witted and that he will never amount to anything.When he hears this,he does not feel like putting any effort into his schoolwork,feeling that the teacher will fail him anyway.Consequently,he begins to miss school and stops doing any schoolwork.What process is occurring in Bart?

A) enculturation of educational capital
B) acceptance of the hidden curriculum
C) development of class consciousness
D) adoption of a self-fulfilling prophecy

Question 70

According to the textbook,why are schools unsuccessful in overcoming social class differences?

A) because there are differences in intelligence and ability between classes
B) because people are more comfortable remaining with their own class
C) because many extracurricular educational opportunities cost money and are available to people based on ability to pay
D) because many non-middle-class students have difficulty incorporating and appreciating the standards of middle-class, mainstream culture

Question 71

Lionel's parents both have only high school diplomas.According to the 2007 data in the textbook,what is Lionel most likely to do after high school?

A) attend a university
B) attend a college
C) attend a trade school
D) join the military

Question 72

A variety of social commentators have argued that in order to improve the success of socially disadvantaged students,society must focus on which of the following programs?

A) compensatory education and social programs for preschool children
B) special education programs that target school aged children
C) remedial programs for adolescents who do not do well in school
D) after-school programs for school children that supplement in class learning

Question 73

The textbook suggests that most sociologists find the conflict view of education more plausible than the functionalist view,by pointing to inequalities in the education system.In their view,how are the benefits unequally distributed?

A) through the reproduction of the existing stratification system
B) through the inflation of credentialism
C) through increasing professionalization
D) through the processes of awarding meritorious distinction

Question 74

Phoenix manages to obtain good grades on her assignments and tests,despite having very poor attendance and thinking that school is a complete waste of time.What has she failed to embrace?

A) a self-fulfilling prophecy
B) false consciousness
C) the hidden curriculum
D) a meritocracy

Question 75

Kennedy does very well in school,rarely missing any days or being late,and she often helps out other adolescents in her classes as a peer tutor.What is it likely she has accepted?

A) cultural capital
B) the hidden curriculum
C) class consciousness
D) a self-fulfilling prophecy

Question 76

Why do school tests often fail to accurately measure intelligence?

A) because they fail to account for differences in cultural capital
B) because they are part of an increasingly professionalized curriculum
C) because they are designed to deceive test-takers, so they do not really measure "intelligence"
D) because they are biased according to dominant cultural values and experiences

Question 77

According to Bourdieu,schoolchildren are rewarded by how closely they affiliate with which of the following?

A) objective standards of performance
B) the standards of meritocracy
C) the messages of dominant culture
D) a secularized curriculum

Question 78

Freja is often in the school principal's office for dressing and acting inappropriately,missing school,and being rude to her teachers.What has she failed to embrace?

A) a self-fulfilling prophecy
B) the hidden curriculum
C) student class consciousness
D) a meritocracy

Question 79

What do we call the expectation of an outcome that causes what it predicts?

A) a self-fulfilling prophecy
B) a speculative inquiry
C) intellectual curiosity
D) exclusion prediction

Question 80

Sandra's parents both have master's degrees in sociology.According to the 2007 data in the textbook,what is Sandra most likely to do after high school?

A) attend a university
B) attend a college
C) attend a trade school
D) join the military