Deck 7: Classical Era Variations: Africa and the Americas,500 Bce-1200 Cethe Big Picture Defining a Millennium

Question 1

Which of the following states had the greatest control over economic exchange within its borders?

A) The Aztec Empire
B) The Byzantine Empire
C) The Roman Empire
D) The Inca Empire

Answer 1

The Inca Empire

Question 2

Which of the following luxury goods came to symbolize the Eurasian exchange system?

A) Silk
B) Porcelain
C) Nutmeg
D) Slaves

Answer 2

Silk

Question 3

The states that emerged between 500 and 1600 that controlled the long-distance trade across the Sahara were concentrated in which part of Africa?

A) The Arabian Peninsula
B) Western and central Sudan
C) Madagascar
D) South Africa

Answer 3

Western and central Sudan

Question 4

Swahili civilization was influenced by which of the following cultures?

A) Chinese
B) Indian
C) Bantu
D) European

Question 5

How did the spread of Islam affect Indian Ocean commerce?

A) Islamic religious leaders decreed that Muslim merchants could have no dealings with non-Muslim traders.
B) Early rulers of the Arab Empire promoted trade within the empire by banning trade beyond its borders.
C) Islamic rulers were suspicious of merchants and succeeded in shutting down all trade on the Silk Roads.
D) Muslim merchants and sailors established communities of traders from East Africa to the south China coast.

Question 6

The absence of which of the following made long-distance trade in the Americas difficult?

A) Wheeled vehicles
B) Llamas
C) Rivers
D) Organized governments

Question 7

What was one characteristic of Indian cultural influence in Southeast Asia?

A) It resulted from the political conquest of the region by Emperor Ashoka.
B) It spread through the voluntary adoption and adaptation of Indian ideas.
C) It began with the travels of the Buddha to this region toward the end of his life.
D) It resulted in the region rejecting the influence of Islam.

Question 8

What development between the seventh and thirteenth centuries increased and expanded trade in the Indian Ocean basin?

A) The missionary zeal of Christian merchants who viewed religious conversion as their primary goal
B) The encouragement of maritime trade by an effective and unified Chinese state
C) Global warming trends that increased agricultural production worldwide
D) The discovery of a new route linking Asia to the Americas

Question 9

The spread of the Black Death from China to Europe in the fourteenth century occurred during an era of increased contact facilitated by

A) monsoon winds.
B) the spread of Buddhism.
C) the spread of Islam.
D) Mongol rule.

Question 10

In contrast to the Silk Roads, the Sea Roads of the Indian Ocean

A) carried more products for a mass market.
B) had much higher transportation costs.
C) dealt exclusively in the trade of luxury goods.
D) were centered on the ports of East Africa.

Question 11

Which of the following technological innovations facilitated Indian Ocean commerce?

A) Quipus
B) Pochteca
C) Junks
D) Nyama

Question 12

Between 500 and 1500, the civilizations of Mesoamerica and the Andes

A) ran similar regional economies controlled by the state.
B) created a long-distance trade network in the Americas.
C) fought with one another for control of the fur trade.
D) seem to have had little direct contact with each other.

Question 13

Trade along the Silk Roads was facilitated by

A) the collapse of the Indian Ocean trade network, which benefitted land routes.
B) large and powerful states that provided security for merchants and travelers.
C) the migration of Bantu-speaking people into South Asia and the Middle East.
D) the emergence of powerful states in Southeast Asia that controlled the trade.

Question 14

The Sahara held rich deposits of which highly valued commodity?

A) Salt
B) Gold
C) Oil
D) Nickel

Question 15

How did Buddhism change as it spread along the Silk Roads?

A) Buddhist practices increasingly emphasized asceticism and withdrawal from society.
B) Buddhist doctrines became more esoteric.
C) The Buddha became more human and less divine.
D) The gods of many peoples along the Silk Roads were incorporated as bodhisattvas.

Question 16

The trade conducted along the Silk Roads was largely a relay trade because

A) it linked the entire world into a single trade network.
B) it linked the civilizations of coastal Eurasia but bypassed the pastoral peoples of the interior.
C) goods were passed down the line rather than carried by one merchant along the entire route.
D) it sustained the long-distance trade in the Americas.

Question 17

Which of the following was a consequence of the exchange of diseases along the Silk Roads?

A) The Christian church in the Byzantine Empire weakened.
B) Europeans developed some immunity to Eurasian diseases.
C) Chinese officials sought to suppress long-distance trade.
D) The population in the Americas was virtually wiped out.

Question 18

In which third-wave civilization did the state largely control trade, preventing a professional merchant class from emerging?

A) China
B) Inca
C) Aztec
D) Mali

Question 19

The Silk Roads built on earlier trading connections between Eurasian civilizations and

A) Bantu migrants.
B) Indian merchants.
C) pastoral peoples.
D) Paleolithic societies.

Question 20

How did the Silk Road trade affect peasants in China?

A) Peasants focused more on producing luxury goods.
B) Peasants abandoned farming to go into commerce.
C) Peasants converted to Buddhism in large numbers.
D) Peasants only cultivated crops for subsistence.

Question 21

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
Animal that made the long trek across the Sahara possible because it could travel for ten days without water. It stimulated trade and contact, which led to the establishment of West African empires and facilitated the spread of Islam into the region.

A)Silk Roads
B)Black Death
C)Indian Ocean trading network
D)Srivijaya
E)Arabian camel
F)Angkor Wat
G)Swahili civilization
H)Great Zimbabwe
I)Sand Roads
J)Ghana, Mali, Songhay
K)trans-Saharan slave trade
L)American web
M)Thorfinn Karlsefni
N)pochteca

Question 22

In the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, Eurasia experienced a period of intensified interaction under the rule of the

A) Swahilis.
B) Berbers.
C) Mongols.
D) Chinese.

Question 23

Which of the following highlights an effect of the international trade in silk?

A) The declining price of silk by the tenth century as demand diminished
B) The association of silk with the sacred in Buddhism and Christianity
C) The widespread use of silk materials among commoners
D) The economic decline of China as competitors produced better quality silk

Question 24

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
The world's largest sea-based system of communication and exchange before 1500 C·E·., this commercial system stretched from southern China to eastern Africa and included not only the exchange of luxury and bulk goods but also the exchange of ideas and crops.

A)Silk Roads
B)Black Death
C)Indian Ocean trading network
D)Srivijaya
E)Arabian camel
F)Angkor Wat
G)Swahili civilization
H)Great Zimbabwe
I)Sand Roads
J)Ghana, Mali, Songhay
K)trans-Saharan slave trade
L)American web
M)Thorfinn Karlsefni
N)pochteca

Question 25

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
A term used to describe the network of trade that linked parts of the pre-Columbian Americas; although less intense and complete than the Afro-Eurasian trade networks, this web nonetheless provided a means of exchange for luxury goods and ideas over large areas.

A)Silk Roads
B)Black Death
C)Indian Ocean trading network
D)Srivijaya
E)Arabian camel
F)Angkor Wat
G)Swahili civilization
H)Great Zimbabwe
I)Sand Roads
J)Ghana, Mali, Songhay
K)trans-Saharan slave trade
L)American web
M)Thorfinn Karlsefni
N)pochteca

Question 26

The Sand Roads linked North Africa and the Mediterranean world to the land and peoples of

A) interior West Africa.
B) the Swahili civilization.
C) Borobudur.
D) Great Zimbabwe.

Question 27

Which of the following describes the Swahili civilization's relationship with the people who lived in the interior?

A) Swahili kings expanded into the interior, eventually establishing an empire that stretched from coast to coast.
B) Swahili states demanded that people living in the interior pay an annual tribute to gain access to the coastal trade.
C) Swahili cities operated as intermediaries for people from the interior to sell their goods to Arab merchants.
D) Swahili culture spread throughout most of the interior, as evidenced by widespread acceptance of Islam.

Question 28

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
A well-born, wealthy merchant and seaman of Norwegian Viking background who led an unsuccessful expedition to establish a colony on the coast of what is now Newfoundland Canada in the early eleventh century C·E·.

A)Silk Roads
B)Black Death
C)Indian Ocean trading network
D)Srivijaya
E)Arabian camel
F)Angkor Wat
G)Swahili civilization
H)Great Zimbabwe
I)Sand Roads
J)Ghana, Mali, Songhay
K)trans-Saharan slave trade
L)American web
M)Thorfinn Karlsefni
N)pochteca

Question 29

What made possible the long trek across the Sahara?

A) Donkeys
B) Camels
C) Salt
D) Slaves

Question 30

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
The name given to the massive epidemic that swept Eurasia in the fourteenth century C·E·.; it may have been bubonic plague, anthrax, or a collection of epidemic diseases.

A)Silk Roads
B)Black Death
C)Indian Ocean trading network
D)Srivijaya
E)Arabian camel
F)Angkor Wat
G)Swahili civilization
H)Great Zimbabwe
I)Sand Roads
J)Ghana, Mali, Songhay
K)trans-Saharan slave trade
L)American web
M)Thorfinn Karlsefni
N)pochteca

Question 31

The political structure of Swahili civilization was similar to the

A) large empires of ancient Rome and China.
B) stateless cities of the Niger River Valley.
C) complex societies of the Eastern Woodlands in North America.
D) competitive and independent city-states of ancient Greece.

Question 32

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
Professional merchants among the Aztecs.

A)Silk Roads
B)Black Death
C)Indian Ocean trading network
D)Srivijaya
E)Arabian camel
F)Angkor Wat
G)Swahili civilization
H)Great Zimbabwe
I)Sand Roads
J)Ghana, Mali, Songhay
K)trans-Saharan slave trade
L)American web
M)Thorfinn Karlsefni
N)pochteca

Question 33

Which statement characterizes the networks and webs of exchange that connected different parts of the world from 500 to 1500?

A) Competition for control of trade routes sparked numerous wars.
B) Trade operated as a means of establishing diplomatic relations between states.
C) Regional trade organizations formed to establish monopolies on certain goods.
D) Interaction among the major civilizations operated on a relatively equal basis.

Question 34

Which of the following is an example of the Indianization of Southeast Asia?

A) The architectural expression of Hinduism at Angkor Wat
B) The use of Arabic script to write the Swahili language
C) A bronze African lion with Indian designs
D) The adoption of Islam as the state religion in Champa

Question 35

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
A powerful state in the African interior that apparently emerged from the growing trade in gold to the East African coast; flourished between 1250 and 1350 C·E·.

A)Silk Roads
B)Black Death
C)Indian Ocean trading network
D)Srivijaya
E)Arabian camel
F)Angkor Wat
G)Swahili civilization
H)Great Zimbabwe
I)Sand Roads
J)Ghana, Mali, Songhay
K)trans-Saharan slave trade
L)American web
M)Thorfinn Karlsefni
N)pochteca

Question 36

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
A series of important states that developed in western and central Sudan in the period 500-1600 C·E·. in response to the economic opportunities of trans-Saharan trade (especially control of gold production).

A)Silk Roads
B)Black Death
C)Indian Ocean trading network
D)Srivijaya
E)Arabian camel
F)Angkor Wat
G)Swahili civilization
H)Great Zimbabwe
I)Sand Roads
J)Ghana, Mali, Songhay
K)trans-Saharan slave trade
L)American web
M)Thorfinn Karlsefni
N)pochteca

Question 37

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
The largest religious structure in the premodern world; construction began on this temple, which is located in modern Cambodia, in the early 1100s C·E·. It was built to express a Hindu understanding of the cosmos, centered on a mythical Mount Meru, the home of the gods in Hindu tradition.

A)Silk Roads
B)Black Death
C)Indian Ocean trading network
D)Srivijaya
E)Arabian camel
F)Angkor Wat
G)Swahili civilization
H)Great Zimbabwe
I)Sand Roads
J)Ghana, Mali, Songhay
K)trans-Saharan slave trade
L)American web
M)Thorfinn Karlsefni
N)pochteca

Question 38

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
A term used to describe the routes of the trans-Sahara trade in Africa.

A)Silk Roads
B)Black Death
C)Indian Ocean trading network
D)Srivijaya
E)Arabian camel
F)Angkor Wat
G)Swahili civilization
H)Great Zimbabwe
I)Sand Roads
J)Ghana, Mali, Songhay
K)trans-Saharan slave trade
L)American web
M)Thorfinn Karlsefni
N)pochteca

Question 39

Which of the following characterizes the networks of exchange in the Americas?

A) Networks were local, with the most active links within rather than between regions.
B) Networks crisscrossed cultures, creating a hybrid culture that encompassed all of the Americas.
C) The isthmus at Panama operated as the center for trade between North and South America.
D) The Incas controlled all long-distance trade and spread their culture from South to North America.

Question 40

Ships sailing along the trade routes shown in Map 7.2 in the textbook were dependent on

A) hinterlands.
B) oil.
C) monsoons.
D) slaves.

Question 41

Historical Analysis: "While long-distance trade across Afro-Eurasia predates 500 C·E·., it grew in importance between 500 and 1500 C·E·." What key developments make this statement true?

Question 42

How did trade along the Silk Roads, Sea Roads, and Sand Roads spur political, economic, social, and cultural changes?

Question 43

According to The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea in Source 6.1, Axum's long-distance trade networks included

A) South America.
B) Australia.
C) India.
D) New Zealand.

Question 44

What does the inscription on the stone throne of an Axumite monarch in Source 6.2 reveal about Axum's relations with the people it conquered?

A) The Axum Empire used the people it conquered as human sacrifices.
B) The Axum Empire extended citizenship to those subjects who converted to Christianity.
C) The Axum Empire enslaved the people it conquered.
D) The Axum Empire demanded tribute from the people it conquered.

Question 45

Comparative Analysis: Compare and contrast the integration of Southeast Asia and Swahili East Africa into the Indian Ocean world.

Question 46

In Source 6.3, the fourth-century writer Rufinus tells the story of Frumentius's experiences in Axum and describes how "a countless number of barbarians were converted by him to the faith." What is the faith to which Rufinus refers?

A) Judaism
B) Christianity
C) Zoroastrianism
D) Islam

Question 47

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
A fairly small-scale trade that developed in the twelfth century C·E·., exporting West Africans captured in raids across the Sahara for sale mostly as household servants.

A)Silk Roads
B)Black Death
C)Indian Ocean trading network
D)Srivijaya
E)Arabian camel
F)Angkor Wat
G)Swahili civilization
H)Great Zimbabwe
I)Sand Roads
J)Ghana, Mali, Songhay
K)trans-Saharan slave trade
L)American web
M)Thorfinn Karlsefni
N)pochteca

Question 48

According to the account by the Greek merchant Cosmas in Source 6.4, Axum was a major source of what commodity for the Roman Empire?

A) Slaves
B) Frankincense
C) Gold
D) Salt

Question 49

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
Land-based trade routes that linked Eurasia.

A)Silk Roads
B)Black Death
C)Indian Ocean trading network
D)Srivijaya
E)Arabian camel
F)Angkor Wat
G)Swahili civilization
H)Great Zimbabwe
I)Sand Roads
J)Ghana, Mali, Songhay
K)trans-Saharan slave trade
L)American web
M)Thorfinn Karlsefni
N)pochteca

Question 50

Which of the following statements from the inscription on the stone throne of an Axumite monarch in Source 6.2 indicates that the inscription was completed before Axum's acceptance of Christianity?

A) "I came down to Adulis and offered sacrifice to Zeus . . . "
B) "I proceeded next against the Tangaltae, who adjoin the borders of Egypt . . . "
C) "The tribes of Rhausi I next brought to submission . . ."
D) "I first and alone of the kings of my race made these conquests."

Question 51

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
An East African civilization that emerged in the eighth century C·E·. from a blending of Bantu, Islamic, and other Indian Ocean trade elements.

A)Silk Roads
B)Black Death
C)Indian Ocean trading network
D)Srivijaya
E)Arabian camel
F)Angkor Wat
G)Swahili civilization
H)Great Zimbabwe
I)Sand Roads
J)Ghana, Mali, Songhay
K)trans-Saharan slave trade
L)American web
M)Thorfinn Karlsefni
N)pochteca

Question 52

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
A Malay kingdom that dominated the Straits of Malacca between 670 and 1025 C·E·.; noted for its creation of a native/Indian hybrid culture.

A)Silk Roads
B)Black Death
C)Indian Ocean trading network
D)Srivijaya
E)Arabian camel
F)Angkor Wat
G)Swahili civilization
H)Great Zimbabwe
I)Sand Roads
J)Ghana, Mali, Songhay
K)trans-Saharan slave trade
L)American web
M)Thorfinn Karlsefni
N)pochteca