Deck 2: First Farmers: the Revolutions of Agriculture,10,000 Bce-3000 Bce

Question 1

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Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
Which of the following provides evidence that the Indus Valley civilization was a literate society?

A) Palaces
B) Monuments
C) Seals
D) Statutes

Answer 1

Seals

Question 2

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Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
The statue of a man found in Mohenjo Daro has led some scholars to suggest that the city was controlled by

A) Mesopotamia.
B) Egypt.
C) a single ruler.
D) elite men.

Answer 2

elite men.

Question 3

Name at least three features typical of a king in one of the First Civilizations.

Answer 3

Answer would ideally include:
•Gave authority to the state
•Monumental architecture
•Elaborate clothing
•Magnificent burials
•Claim of divinity or divine approval

Question 4

Which of the following is usually considered a feature of "civilization"?

A) Absence of class and gender hierarchies
B) States that use force to compel obedience from subjects
C) The use of deliberately set fires for human purposes
D) The domestication of plants and animals

Question 5

Explain how the civilizations of Mesopotamia and Egypt affected the environment.

Question 6

Name at least three elements that a civilization must have in order to produce monumental works on the scale of the Mesopotamian ziggurats or Egyptian pyramids.

Question 7

Which of the following First Civilizations is sometimes referred to as the "mother civilization" of Mesoamerica?

A) Mesopotamia
B) Olmec
C) Norte Chico
D) Aztec

Question 8

Which of the following have scholars advanced as a possible explanation for the emergence of patriarchy in the First Civilizations?

A) Participation of women in animal-drawn, plow-based agriculture
B) Increased role of women outside the home
C) Decline in birthrates that accompanied civilization
D) Emergence of large-scale warfare with professionally led armies

Question 9

How did class differences create different roles and expectations for women?

Question 10

Identify the different social classes in the First Civilizations, and give specific examples of people within each class.

Question 11

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Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
The statue of the dancing girl provides evidence that the Indus Valley civilization

A) had a well-developed copper and bronze industry.
B) required women to veil their entire face.
C) trained young girls to be entertainers.
D) traced descent through the mother.

Question 12

Which of the following First Civilizations did not rely on grain-based agriculture?

A) Norte Chico
B) Indus Valley
C) China
D) Egypt

Question 13

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Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
Which of the following was depicted in many of the seals found in the Indus Valley civilization that flourished around 2000 B·C·E·.?

A) Rulers
B) Animals
C) Plants
D) Temples

Question 14

Kingship in the First Civilizations often

A) linked the position of the ruler to the divine.
B) relied exclusively on physical force and coercion.
C) depended on the authority of a written constitution.
D) weakened state and religious institutions.

Question 15

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Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
The discovery of Indus Valley seals in Mesopotamia suggests that the seals were used

A) in diplomacy.
B) in trade.
C) in rituals.
D) as tribute.

Question 16

Give specific examples of the movement of goods, ideas, and people in the ancient world.

Question 17

Give examples of the ways in which men's and women's roles in the First Civilizations were gendered masculine or feminine.

Question 18

What new products and technology did Egypt's interaction with the outside world bring?

Question 19

Explain how religion or association with the divine in the First Civilizations could be used to both legitimize and restrain the authority of the state.

Question 20

Identify the different purposes of writing in the First Civilizations.

Question 21

Which of the following provided the primary economic foundation for civilization?

A) Slavery
B) Agriculture
C) Warfare
D) Writing

Question 22

Which of the following shows the relationship between religion and government in the First Civilizations?

A) Farmers were required to turn over a portion of their crops to support city-dwellers.
B) The Hebrew scriptures attributed the act of creation to a single male deity, Yahweh.
C) The demotion of the goddess resulted from the extension of the power of creation and fertility to male gods.
D) Hammurabi claimed that his law code was inspired by Marduk, the chief god of Babylon.

Question 23

Which of the following describes gender relations in the First Civilizations?

A) Women enjoyed the same rights and privileges as men.
B) Women were defined by their relationship to a man.
C) Men operated in roles defined as feminine.
D) Men were considered inferior to women.

Question 24

Which of the following is an example of how social class affected gender roles?

A) Women from the upper classes were expected to stay at home, while women from the lower classes had to go out in public to work.
B) Women married to wealthy men were forbidden to wear veils, while slaves and prostitutes were required to veil themselves when they went out in public.
C) Only women from the upper classes worshipped Inanna, a goddess of love, sexuality, and war.
D) Female rulers who came from the lower classes were portrayed dressed in male clothing and wearing false beards.

Question 25

Which of the following was a reason for instability in ancient Mesopotamia?

A) The failure of Mesopotamia to develop written law codes
B) The rivalries between independent city-states that led to warfare
C) The collapse of fisheries in the Persian Gulf on which the population relied
D) The failure of a patriarchal system to emerge in Mesopotamia

Question 26

The rulers of the First Civilizations often drew their power from their roles as

A) high priests.
B) clan elders.
C) traders.
D) scribes.

Question 27

In the First Civilizations, slaves were drawn from which pool of people?

A) Artisans
B) Merchants
C) Female peasants
D) Prisoners of war

Question 28

Which of the following represents a way that class distinctions were displayed in the First Civilizations?

A) Naming practices
B) Manner of a person's burial
C) Kinship relations
D) Women's submission to men

Question 29

In which First Civilization were women recognized as legal equals to men?

A) Mesopotamia
B) Mesoamerica
C) Egypt
D) China

Question 30

Which of the following statements about ancient Egypt is true?

A) The state was ruled by pharaohs who were believed to be gods in human form.
B) Cities were more important in Egypt than in Mesopotamia.
C) The erratic floods caused by the Nile regularly destroyed crops.
D) Women in Egypt were afforded fewer opportunities than in Mesopotamia.

Question 31

The rulers of which First Civilization based their authority on the Mandate of Heaven?

A) Egypt
B) China
C) Olmec
D) Norte Chico

Question 32

Which of the following has been advanced as a possible explanation for the origins of the First Civilizations?

A) The absence of limits on the amount of land that could be cultivated
B) The end of the practice of slavery in a region
C) The emergence of regions where no military elite took shape
D) The need to organize large-scale irrigation projects

Question 33

Which of the following is a feature found in some cities in the First Civilizations?

A) Libraries
B) Large farms
C) Sewage systems
D) Theaters

Question 34

Which of the following First Civilizations experienced the greatest cultural continuity from its earliest formation to modern times?

A) Indus Valley
B) Norte Chico
C) China
D) Harappa

Question 35

The territory of ancient Mesopotamia is presently occupied by which country?

A) Iran
B) Afghanistan
C) Iraq
D) India

Question 36

Which of the following was a feature of Egyptian rather than Mesopotamian civilization?

A) Salinization of the soil, which led to a collapse in the production of wheat
B) Frequent and devastating invasions by outsiders because of a lack of physical barriers
C) A more cheerful and hopeful outlook on the world, as expressed in part through religious beliefs
D) A long tradition of written law codes based on the notion of natural rights

Question 37

What was one purpose that writing served in the First Civilizations?

A) To record the stories of ordinary commoners
B) To keep track of who paid their taxes to the state
C) To confine women to the home
D) To entertain an increasingly literate population

Question 38

Which of the following is an example of the way that patriarchy was expressed in the First Civilizations?

A) Laws that regulated female sexuality
B) Symbols of kingship linked to the divine
C) The state's exclusive right to use violence
D) The use of gifts to reinforce political authority

Question 39

Which of the following human accomplishments emerged with the First Civilizations?

A) Agriculture
B) Village life
C) Writing
D) Art

Question 40

As a descriptive term, "civilization" refers to

A) a particular and distinctive type of human society organized into cities and states.
B) a trend toward greater equality between classes and between men and women.
C) the development of political institutions that form the basis for democracy.
D) the organization of human communities based on kinship and class.

Question 41

Which of the following contributed to the declining power of the Egyptian pharaohs by 2400 B·C·E·.?

A) Rivalry over land and water created a number of warring city-states.
B) Egypt was defeated in a series of wars with invaders from the east.
C) Egyptian pharaohs adopted a policy of seclusion.
D) Local officials and nobles assumed greater authority.

Question 42

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
Literally "rule of the father"; a social system of male dominance.

A)Norte Chico/Caral
B)Indus Valley civilization
C)Central Asian/Oxus civilization
D)Olmec civilization
E)Uruk
F)Epic of Gilgamesh
G)Mohenjo Daro/Harappa
H)Code of Hammurabi
I)patriarchy
J)rise of the state
K)Egypt
L)Sumer
M)Paneb
N)Nubia

Question 43

Which of the following provides evidence of interaction and exchange among the First Civilizations and surrounding regions in the ancient world?

A) Gunpowder
B) Horse-drawn chariots
C) The abacus
D) Tea

Question 44

Which of the following best describes the Mesopotamian outlook on life and death?

A) People are caught in an inherently disorderly world without much hope of a blessed life beyond.
B) The afterlife was accessible to all who followed proper procedures and lived a morally upright life.
C) Life is full of pain and suffering, but the afterlife will offer eternal happiness and tranquility.
D) God has already determined those who will go to heaven, and nothing people do during their lifetime can change their divinely ordained fate.

Question 45

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
This country is often known as "the gift of the Nile" because the region would not have been able to support a significant human population without the Nile's annual inundation, which provided rich silt deposits and made agriculture possible.

A)Norte Chico/Caral
B)Indus Valley civilization
C)Central Asian/Oxus civilization
D)Olmec civilization
E)Uruk
F)Epic of Gilgamesh
G)Mohenjo Daro/Harappa
H)Code of Hammurabi
I)patriarchy
J)rise of the state
K)Egypt
L)Sumer
M)Paneb
N)Nubia

Question 46

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
An Egyptian foreman, in charge of a crew of tomb workers, whose misdeeds in about 1300 B·C·E·. in life were recorded by a rival.

A)Norte Chico/Caral
B)Indus Valley civilization
C)Central Asian/Oxus civilization
D)Olmec civilization
E)Uruk
F)Epic of Gilgamesh
G)Mohenjo Daro/Harappa
H)Code of Hammurabi
I)patriarchy
J)rise of the state
K)Egypt
L)Sumer
M)Paneb
N)Nubia

Question 47

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
A process of centralization that took place in the First Civilizations, growing out of the greater complexity of urban life and the need for coordination, regulation, adjudication, and military leadership.

A)Norte Chico/Caral
B)Indus Valley civilization
C)Central Asian/Oxus civilization
D)Olmec civilization
E)Uruk
F)Epic of Gilgamesh
G)Mohenjo Daro/Harappa
H)Code of Hammurabi
I)patriarchy
J)rise of the state
K)Egypt
L)Sumer
M)Paneb
N)Nubia

Question 48

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
A major first civilization that emerged around 2200 B·C·E·. in central Asia along the Oxus or Amu Darya river in what is now northern Afghanistan. An important focal point for a Eurasian-wide system of intellectual and cultural exchange, it faded away about 1700 B·C·E·.

A)Norte Chico/Caral
B)Indus Valley civilization
C)Central Asian/Oxus civilization
D)Olmec civilization
E)Uruk
F)Epic of Gilgamesh
G)Mohenjo Daro/Harappa
H)Code of Hammurabi
I)patriarchy
J)rise of the state
K)Egypt
L)Sumer
M)Paneb
N)Nubia

Question 49

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
The most famous extant literary work from ancient Mesopotamia, it tells the story of one man's quest for immortality.

A)Norte Chico/Caral
B)Indus Valley civilization
C)Central Asian/Oxus civilization
D)Olmec civilization
E)Uruk
F)Epic of Gilgamesh
G)Mohenjo Daro/Harappa
H)Code of Hammurabi
I)patriarchy
J)rise of the state
K)Egypt
L)Sumer
M)Paneb
N)Nubia

Question 50

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
An early civilization that developed along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico around 1200 B·C·E·.

A)Norte Chico/Caral
B)Indus Valley civilization
C)Central Asian/Oxus civilization
D)Olmec civilization
E)Uruk
F)Epic of Gilgamesh
G)Mohenjo Daro/Harappa
H)Code of Hammurabi
I)patriarchy
J)rise of the state
K)Egypt
L)Sumer
M)Paneb
N)Nubia

Question 51

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
A civilization to the south of Egypt in the Nile Valley, noted for development of an alphabetic writing system and a major ironworking industry by 500 B·C·E·.

A)Norte Chico/Caral
B)Indus Valley civilization
C)Central Asian/Oxus civilization
D)Olmec civilization
E)Uruk
F)Epic of Gilgamesh
G)Mohenjo Daro/Harappa
H)Code of Hammurabi
I)patriarchy
J)rise of the state
K)Egypt
L)Sumer
M)Paneb
N)Nubia

Question 52

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
A region along the central coast of Peru, home of a civilization that developed in the period 3000-1800 B·C·E·. and the largest of some twenty-five urban centers that emerged in the area at that time.

A)Norte Chico/Caral
B)Indus Valley civilization
C)Central Asian/Oxus civilization
D)Olmec civilization
E)Uruk
F)Epic of Gilgamesh
G)Mohenjo Daro/Harappa
H)Code of Hammurabi
I)patriarchy
J)rise of the state
K)Egypt
L)Sumer
M)Paneb
N)Nubia

Question 53

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
A major First Civilization that emerged in southern Mesopotamia around 3500 B·C·E·. to 3000 B·C·E·. This civilization likely gave rise to the world's earliest written language, which was used initially by officials to record the goods received by various temples.

A)Norte Chico/Caral
B)Indus Valley civilization
C)Central Asian/Oxus civilization
D)Olmec civilization
E)Uruk
F)Epic of Gilgamesh
G)Mohenjo Daro/Harappa
H)Code of Hammurabi
I)patriarchy
J)rise of the state
K)Egypt
L)Sumer
M)Paneb
N)Nubia

Question 54

Comparative Analysis: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the early writing systems depicted in Snapshot, "Writing in Ancient Civilizations," in the main text.

Question 55

Which of the following is an example of a way that rulers in the First Civilizations displayed their power?

A) Writing poetry
B) Freeing slaves
C) Constructing temples
D) Engaging in farm work

Question 56

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
The largest city of ancient Mesopotamia.

A)Norte Chico/Caral
B)Indus Valley civilization
C)Central Asian/Oxus civilization
D)Olmec civilization
E)Uruk
F)Epic of Gilgamesh
G)Mohenjo Daro/Harappa
H)Code of Hammurabi
I)patriarchy
J)rise of the state
K)Egypt
L)Sumer
M)Paneb
N)Nubia

Question 57

Refer to Map 2.1, "First Civilizations," in the textbook. Which of the following civilizations had limited contact with other First Civilizations?

A) Indus Valley
B) Nile Valley
C) Olmec
D) Mesopotamia

Question 58

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
South Asian civilization that apparently generated no temples, palaces, elaborate caves, kings, or warrior classes. Archaeological evidence provides little indication of a political hierarchy or centralized state, yet many features of this civilization persist to the present.

A)Norte Chico/Caral
B)Indus Valley civilization
C)Central Asian/Oxus civilization
D)Olmec civilization
E)Uruk
F)Epic of Gilgamesh
G)Mohenjo Daro/Harappa
H)Code of Hammurabi
I)patriarchy
J)rise of the state
K)Egypt
L)Sumer
M)Paneb
N)Nubia

Question 59

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
A series of laws publicized at the order of a Babylonian king (d. 1750 B·C·E·.). A number of laws that proclaim the king's commitment to social order.

A)Norte Chico/Caral
B)Indus Valley civilization
C)Central Asian/Oxus civilization
D)Olmec civilization
E)Uruk
F)Epic of Gilgamesh
G)Mohenjo Daro/Harappa
H)Code of Hammurabi
I)patriarchy
J)rise of the state
K)Egypt
L)Sumer
M)Paneb
N)Nubia

Question 60

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
Major cities of the Indus Valley civilization, both of which flourished around 2000 B·C·E·.

A)Norte Chico/Caral
B)Indus Valley civilization
C)Central Asian/Oxus civilization
D)Olmec civilization
E)Uruk
F)Epic of Gilgamesh
G)Mohenjo Daro/Harappa
H)Code of Hammurabi
I)patriarchy
J)rise of the state
K)Egypt
L)Sumer
M)Paneb
N)Nubia

Question 61

Personal Reflection: Do you think that, on the whole, the emergence of the First Civilizations was a positive or negative development for humankind?

Question 62

Comparative Analysis: Compare and contrast life in a Neolithic village to life in a city in one of the First Civilizations.

Question 63

Comparative Analysis: Compare and contrast the life of a woman in Egypt to that of a woman living in Mesopotamia.