Deck 20: Colonial Encounters, 1750-1914 the Big Picture the Twentieth Century: a New Period in World History

Question 1

Which of the following was a factor in causing the Great Depression?

A) U.S. involvement in World War I
B) Underproduction in the United States
C) Speculation on the stock market
D) State regulation of the economy

Answer 1

Speculation on the stock market

Question 2

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
Which of the following expresses the national character of Japan expressed through the notion of kokutai in the Cardinal Principles of the National Entity of Japan (Source 20.2)?

A) "The views of the world and of life that form the basis of these ideologies . . . lay the highest value on, and assert the liberty and equality of, individuals. . . ."
B) "[T]he relationship between the Emperor and his subjects arises from the same fountainhead, and has prospered ever since the founding of the nation as one in essence. . . ."
C) "Just as our ancestors did not receive the soil on which we live today as a gift from Heaven, but had to fight for it at the risk of their lives, in the future no folkish grace will win soil for us . . . but only the might of a victorious sword. . . ."
D) "Those who want to live, let them fight, and those who do not want to fight in this world of eternal struggle do not deserve to live. . . ."

Answer 2

"[T]he relationship between the Emperor and his subjects arises from the same fountainhead, and has prospered ever since the founding of the nation as one in essence. . . ."

Question 3

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
In Mein Kampf (Source 20.1), Hitler identified as a goal of Nazi foreign policy "to secure for the German people the land and soil to which they are entitled on this earth." Where was the "land and soil" he had in mind?

A) Britain
B) France
C) The United States
D) The Russian Empire

Answer 3

The Russian Empire

Question 4

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
Which of the following reflects an understanding of the state articulated in the Cardinal Principles of the National Entity of Japan (Source 20.2)?

A) "An individual is an existence belonging to the State and her history, which forms the basis of his origin, and is fundamentally one body with it. . . ."
B) "The State is only a means to an end. . . . Above all, it must preserve the existence of the race . . . ."
C) The state "functions in such a way as to lead its people to a position of supreme liberty by the progressive development of the intellectual and cultural faculties."
D) "It will be the task of the People's State to make the race the centre of the life of the community."

Question 5

What international organizations took shape after World War II, and what were their purposes?

Question 6

What nineteenth-century developments contributed to the outbreak of World War I?

Question 7

In what ways were the Italian and German fascist movements similar to each other?

Question 8

How did the two world wars affect civilian populations?

Question 9

How did the actions of Japan, Germany, and Italy in the first half of the 1930s serve as warning signs of an impending war?

Question 10

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
Both Mein Kampf and the Cardinal Principles of the National Entity of Japan (Sources 20.1 and 20.2) portray the best form of government as one in which

A) decisions are made by majority vote.
B) authority is divided into three branches.
C) power is in the hands of one person.
D) force is regularly used to ensure compliance.

Question 11

How did various countries around the world deal with the effects of the Great Depression?

Question 12

How did the emergence of Germany as a new nation-state affect the European political scene after 1870?

A) Germany provided stability and leadership.
B) Germany maintained the balance of power.
C) Germany's arrival disrupted the established order.
D) Germany quickly became the lone superpower.

Question 13

Which of the following describes popular attitudes in Europe toward the prospect of war in the summer of 1914?

A) Widespread enthusiasm
B) Universal opposition
C) General indifference
D) Disillusioned cynicism

Question 14

What impact did World War I have on Europe's colonial empires?

A) The war drew in laborers and soldiers from the colonies.
B) The war enriched the colonial population in Europe's empires.
C) The war was fought exclusively in the colonies.
D) The war offered colonies a means to gain independence.

Question 15

What were the key factors that allowed Europe to recover from World War II quickly?

Question 16

Which of the following strained Japan's relations with Western powers in the early 1940s?

A) Agreements that granted Japan a larger navy than Britain and the United States
B) The oil embargo Japan imposed on the United States, China, and Britain
C) Japanese military operations in Indochina, Malaya, Indonesia, and Burma
D) Japan's loss of the German sphere of influence in China to the United States

Question 17

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
Which of the following reflects Hitler's view of the Aryan as expressed in Mein Kampf (Source 20.1)?

A) "He is the Prometheus of mankind . . . ."
B) "He lacks completely the most essential requirement for a cultured people . . . ."
C) "[H]e refuses the state the means for its self-preservation . . . ."
D) "And so he tries systematically to lower the racial level by a continuous poisoning of individuals."

Question 18

How did the outcomes of World War I contribute to the outbreak of World War II?

Question 19

How did political boundaries change in Europe and the Middle East after World War I?

Question 20

What political forms did nationalism assume in Italy, Germany, and Japan in the 1930s?

Question 21

Which of the following represents a response among many Latin American countries to the global repercussions of the Great Depression?

A) War socialism
B) Democratic socialism
C) Policies modeled on the New Deal
D) Import substitution industrialization

Question 22

Japanese politics and society during the 1920s suggested that Japan favored

A) fascist politics and traditional values.
B) isolationist politics and military values.
C) democratic politics and Western culture.
D) religious politics and rural culture.

Question 23

The new states that had been carved out of which empire were governed as mandates of the League of Nations after World War I?

A) The Austro-Hungarian Empire
B) The Ottoman Empire
C) The Russian Empire
D) The Holy Roman Empire

Question 24

Which of the following characterized European and American culture in the 1920s?

A) A new consumerism
B) A deep conservatism
C) A radical militancy
D) A renewed spirituality

Question 25

Which of the following describes the position of the United States after World War I?

A) It became the largest empire.
B) It became the sole superpower.
C) It became Europe's creditor.
D) It became a debtor nation.

Question 26

Which country was least affected by the Great Depression?

A) Germany
B) Japan
C) The Soviet Union
D) The United States

Question 27

What drew Japan, Germany, and Italy into a political alliance by 1936-1937?

A) Commitment to communism
B) Fear of global capitalism
C) Hostility toward the Soviet Union
D) Shared belief in Aryan supremacy

Question 28

Which of the following appealed to fascists?

A) Feminism
B) Democracy
C) Socialism
D) Nationalism

Question 29

Which of the following did Japan, Italy, and Germany share in the 1930s?

A) Widespread arrest and execution of political opponents
B) Political takeover by right-wing radical groups
C) Strong traditions of parliamentary democracy
D) Aggressive ambition for conquest and empire building

Question 30

Refer to Map 20.2 in the textbook. Which country switched sides after World War I began?

A) France
B) Russia
C) Italy
D) Germany

Question 31

Which of the following explains how an assassination in Austria-Hungary triggered World War I?

A) The spread of fascism and the fear of communism
B) The Great Depression and the League of Nations
C) The Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente
D) The practice of war socialism and trench warfare

Question 32

In contrast to what transpired during World War I, Germany during World War II was able to

A) defeat the Soviet Union.
B) conquer France quickly.
C) neutralize the American threat.
D) appease Britain and Italy.

Question 33

Which of the following was a reason for the popularity of the Nazi Party once it seized power in the 1930s?

A) Its acceptance of the conditions of the Treaty of Versailles
B) Its success in bringing Germany out of the Great Depression
C) Its rejection of rural life, anti-Semitism, and traditional values
D) Its embrace of parliamentary politics and communism

Question 34

Which of the following was a term of the Treaty of Versailles?

A) Palestine was to be the protected homeland for Jews.
B) The Ottoman Empire was to pay restitution to its Armenian subjects.
C) The United States was to head the League of Nations.
D) Germany was to accept sole responsibility for causing World War I.

Question 35

Which of the following was a distinctive and central feature of the German expression of fascism?

A) The use of violence as a political tool
B) A single-party dictatorship
C) A view of war as an ennobling experience
D) An insistence on a racial revolution

Question 36

What happened to the German territory in China after World War I ended?

A) Japan claimed it.
B) China regained it.
C) Germany colonized it.
D) It became a mandate.

Question 37

Which of the following was a more prominent feature of World War II than World War I?

A) The blurring of the line between civilian and military targets
B) The practice of trench warfare and defensive military strategies
C) The mass enthusiasm for war in Britain and France
D) The forceful and quick response of the Allies to German aggression

Question 38

What effect did World War II have on communism?

A) It discredited the international communist movement and the Soviet Union.
B) It transformed communism into a global movement committed to world peace.
C) It allowed communism to take root in the Middle East and Africa.
D) It enabled communist parties in Eastern Europe and China to assume power.

Question 39

The set of reforms packaged as the New Deal was based on the belief that

A) high tariffs and state-run industries could end recession and depression.
B) government actions and spending programs could correct the market.
C) the economy would regulate itself through the market.
D) a state-controlled economy would promote economic growth.

Question 40

What effect did the U.S. Marshall Plan have on European economies?

A) It promoted economic growth and widespread prosperity in Western Europe.
B) It deindustrialized European economies and created economic misery.
C) It created a competitive and hostile environment for European commerce.
D) It generated vicious cycles of economic recession and depression.

Question 41

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
A military and political alliance founded in 1949 that committed the United States to the defense of Europe in the event of Soviet aggression.

A)World War I
B)Treaty of Versailles
C)Woodrow Wilson/Fourteen Points
D)Great Depression
E)New Deal
F)fascism
G)Mussolini
H)Nazi Germany
I)Hitler
J)Etty Hillesum
K)Revolutionary Right (Japan)
L)World War II in Asia
M)World War II in Europe
N)total war
O)Hiroshima
P)Holocaust
Q)Marshall Plan
R)European Economic Community
S)NATO

Question 42

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
Name commonly used for the Nazi genocide of Jews and other "undesirables" in German society; Jews themselves prefer the term Shoah, which means "catastrophe."

A)World War I
B)Treaty of Versailles
C)Woodrow Wilson/Fourteen Points
D)Great Depression
E)New Deal
F)fascism
G)Mussolini
H)Nazi Germany
I)Hitler
J)Etty Hillesum
K)Revolutionary Right (Japan)
L)World War II in Asia
M)World War II in Europe
N)total war
O)Hiroshima
P)Holocaust
Q)Marshall Plan
R)European Economic Community
S)NATO

Question 43

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
A Dutch Jewish woman (1914-1943) who was murdered in the Holocaust. Her letters provide a remarkable record of her inner life during the difficult period of Nazi occupation, casting light on the possibilities of human transformation even amid the most horrendous of circumstances.

A)World War I
B)Treaty of Versailles
C)Woodrow Wilson/Fourteen Points
D)Great Depression
E)New Deal
F)fascism
G)Mussolini
H)Nazi Germany
I)Hitler
J)Etty Hillesum
K)Revolutionary Right (Japan)
L)World War II in Asia
M)World War II in Europe
N)total war
O)Hiroshima
P)Holocaust
Q)Marshall Plan
R)European Economic Community
S)NATO

Question 44

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
Requires each country involved to mobilize its entire population in the effort to defeat the enemy.

A)World War I
B)Treaty of Versailles
C)Woodrow Wilson/Fourteen Points
D)Great Depression
E)New Deal
F)fascism
G)Mussolini
H)Nazi Germany
I)Hitler
J)Etty Hillesum
K)Revolutionary Right (Japan)
L)World War II in Asia
M)World War II in Europe
N)total war
O)Hiroshima
P)Holocaust
Q)Marshall Plan
R)European Economic Community
S)NATO

Question 45

Which of the following resulted from Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor?

A) The wars in Asia and Europe merged into a single global war.
B) The war in Asia ended, allowing the Allies to focus on the war in Europe.
C) Japan was reduced to a third-rank power, with its empire in Asia destroyed.
D) The United States imposed an oil embargo on Japan but was open to negotiations.

Question 46

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
As ruled by Hitler and the Nazi Party from 1933 to 1945, a fascist state dedicated to extreme nationalism, territorial expansion, and the purification of the state.

A)World War I
B)Treaty of Versailles
C)Woodrow Wilson/Fourteen Points
D)Great Depression
E)New Deal
F)fascism
G)Mussolini
H)Nazi Germany
I)Hitler
J)Etty Hillesum
K)Revolutionary Right (Japan)
L)World War II in Asia
M)World War II in Europe
N)total war
O)Hiroshima
P)Holocaust
Q)Marshall Plan
R)European Economic Community
S)NATO

Question 47

Which of the following contributed to Western European recovery after the devastation of World War II?

A) The ability of Western European countries to integrate their economies
B) The ability of Western European countries to exploit their colonies
C) The humanitarian and economic aid provided by the United Nations
D) The economic and political leadership exercised by the Soviet Union

Question 48

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
President of the United States from 1913 to 1921 who was especially noted for his idealistic approach to the end of World War I. Although his vision largely failed, Wilson was widely respected for his views.

A)World War I
B)Treaty of Versailles
C)Woodrow Wilson/Fourteen Points
D)Great Depression
E)New Deal
F)fascism
G)Mussolini
H)Nazi Germany
I)Hitler
J)Etty Hillesum
K)Revolutionary Right (Japan)
L)World War II in Asia
M)World War II in Europe
N)total war
O)Hiroshima
P)Holocaust
Q)Marshall Plan
R)European Economic Community
S)NATO

Question 49

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
Leader of the German Nazi Party (1889-1945) and Germany's head of state from 1933 until his death.

A)World War I
B)Treaty of Versailles
C)Woodrow Wilson/Fourteen Points
D)Great Depression
E)New Deal
F)fascism
G)Mussolini
H)Nazi Germany
I)Hitler
J)Etty Hillesum
K)Revolutionary Right (Japan)
L)World War II in Asia
M)World War II in Europe
N)total war
O)Hiroshima
P)Holocaust
Q)Marshall Plan
R)European Economic Community
S)NATO

Question 50

Which of the following committed the United States to the defense of Europe against the Soviet Union after World War II?

A) The European Union's Common Market
B) The North Atlantic Treaty Organization
C) The United States of Europe
D) The League of Nations

Question 51

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
Political ideology marked by its intense nationalism and authoritarianism.

A)World War I
B)Treaty of Versailles
C)Woodrow Wilson/Fourteen Points
D)Great Depression
E)New Deal
F)fascism
G)Mussolini
H)Nazi Germany
I)Hitler
J)Etty Hillesum
K)Revolutionary Right (Japan)
L)World War II in Asia
M)World War II in Europe
N)total war
O)Hiroshima
P)Holocaust
Q)Marshall Plan
R)European Economic Community
S)NATO

Question 52

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
Also known as the Common Market, it was an alliance formed by Italy, France, West Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg in 1957 and dedicated to developing common trade policies and reduced tariffs.

A)World War I
B)Treaty of Versailles
C)Woodrow Wilson/Fourteen Points
D)Great Depression
E)New Deal
F)fascism
G)Mussolini
H)Nazi Germany
I)Hitler
J)Etty Hillesum
K)Revolutionary Right (Japan)
L)World War II in Asia
M)World War II in Europe
N)total war
O)Hiroshima
P)Holocaust
Q)Marshall Plan
R)European Economic Community
S)NATO

Question 53

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
Officially ended World War I; the immense penalties it placed on Germany are regarded as one of the causes of World War II.

A)World War I
B)Treaty of Versailles
C)Woodrow Wilson/Fourteen Points
D)Great Depression
E)New Deal
F)fascism
G)Mussolini
H)Nazi Germany
I)Hitler
J)Etty Hillesum
K)Revolutionary Right (Japan)
L)World War II in Asia
M)World War II in Europe
N)total war
O)Hiroshima
P)Holocaust
Q)Marshall Plan
R)European Economic Community
S)NATO

Question 54

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
Charismatic leader of the Italian fascist party (1883-1945) who came to power in 1922.

A)World War I
B)Treaty of Versailles
C)Woodrow Wilson/Fourteen Points
D)Great Depression
E)New Deal
F)fascism
G)Mussolini
H)Nazi Germany
I)Hitler
J)Etty Hillesum
K)Revolutionary Right (Japan)
L)World War II in Asia
M)World War II in Europe
N)total war
O)Hiroshima
P)Holocaust
Q)Marshall Plan
R)European Economic Community
S)NATO

Question 55

What happened to Europe's empires in Asia and Africa after the end of World War II?

A) European empires merged into a single global empire run by the United States.
B) European empires were dismantled by the military force of the United Nations.
C) European empires expanded as they absorbed the colonies of the Axis Powers.
D) European empires collapsed as colonies demanded and achieved independence.

Question 56

How did the American occupation of Japan after World War II affect the Japanese economy?

A) It transformed Japan into a producer of agricultural goods.
B) It required Japan to allocate half of its budget to military expenditures.
C) It promoted rapid economic growth and generated economic prosperity.
D) It made Japan a captive market for surplus American products.

Question 57

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
Also known as Radical Nationalism, this was a movement in the country's political life between 1930 and 1945 that was marked by extreme nationalism, a commitment to elite leadership focused around the emperor, and dedication to foreign expansion.

A)World War I
B)Treaty of Versailles
C)Woodrow Wilson/Fourteen Points
D)Great Depression
E)New Deal
F)fascism
G)Mussolini
H)Nazi Germany
I)Hitler
J)Etty Hillesum
K)Revolutionary Right (Japan)
L)World War II in Asia
M)World War II in Europe
N)total war
O)Hiroshima
P)Holocaust
Q)Marshall Plan
R)European Economic Community
S)NATO

Question 58

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
Worldwide economic downturn that began in 1929 with the New York stock market crash and continued in many areas until the outbreak of World War II.

A)World War I
B)Treaty of Versailles
C)Woodrow Wilson/Fourteen Points
D)Great Depression
E)New Deal
F)fascism
G)Mussolini
H)Nazi Germany
I)Hitler
J)Etty Hillesum
K)Revolutionary Right (Japan)
L)World War II in Asia
M)World War II in Europe
N)total war
O)Hiroshima
P)Holocaust
Q)Marshall Plan
R)European Economic Community
S)NATO

Question 59

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
Huge U.S. government initiative to aid in the post-World War II restoration of Europe that was masterminded by the U.S. secretary of state and put into effect in 1947.

A)World War I
B)Treaty of Versailles
C)Woodrow Wilson/Fourteen Points
D)Great Depression
E)New Deal
F)fascism
G)Mussolini
H)Nazi Germany
I)Hitler
J)Etty Hillesum
K)Revolutionary Right (Japan)
L)World War II in Asia
M)World War II in Europe
N)total war
O)Hiroshima
P)Holocaust
Q)Marshall Plan
R)European Economic Community
S)NATO

Question 60

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
A series of reforms enacted by the Franklin Roosevelt administration between 1933 and 1942 with the goal of ending the Great Depression.

A)World War I
B)Treaty of Versailles
C)Woodrow Wilson/Fourteen Points
D)Great Depression
E)New Deal
F)fascism
G)Mussolini
H)Nazi Germany
I)Hitler
J)Etty Hillesum
K)Revolutionary Right (Japan)
L)World War II in Asia
M)World War II in Europe
N)total war
O)Hiroshima
P)Holocaust
Q)Marshall Plan
R)European Economic Community
S)NATO

Question 61

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
A struggle essentially to halt German imperial expansion, fought by a coalition of allies that included Great Britain, the Soviet Union, and the United States.

A)World War I
B)Treaty of Versailles
C)Woodrow Wilson/Fourteen Points
D)Great Depression
E)New Deal
F)fascism
G)Mussolini
H)Nazi Germany
I)Hitler
J)Etty Hillesum
K)Revolutionary Right (Japan)
L)World War II in Asia
M)World War II in Europe
N)total war
O)Hiroshima
P)Holocaust
Q)Marshall Plan
R)European Economic Community
S)NATO

Question 62

In what respects were the two world wars total wars?

Question 63

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
A struggle essentially to halt Japanese imperial expansion, fought by the Japanese against primarily Chinese and American foes.

A)World War I
B)Treaty of Versailles
C)Woodrow Wilson/Fourteen Points
D)Great Depression
E)New Deal
F)fascism
G)Mussolini
H)Nazi Germany
I)Hitler
J)Etty Hillesum
K)Revolutionary Right (Japan)
L)World War II in Asia
M)World War II in Europe
N)total war
O)Hiroshima
P)Holocaust
Q)Marshall Plan
R)European Economic Community
S)NATO

Question 64

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
The Great War (1914-1918), in essence a European civil war with global implications that was marked by massive casualties, the expansion of offensive military technology beyond tactics and means of defense, and a great deal of disillusionment with the whole idea of progress.

A)World War I
B)Treaty of Versailles
C)Woodrow Wilson/Fourteen Points
D)Great Depression
E)New Deal
F)fascism
G)Mussolini
H)Nazi Germany
I)Hitler
J)Etty Hillesum
K)Revolutionary Right (Japan)
L)World War II in Asia
M)World War II in Europe
N)total war
O)Hiroshima
P)Holocaust
Q)Marshall Plan
R)European Economic Community
S)NATO

Question 65

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
Japanese city that was destroyed by an atomic bomb developed by the United States in 1945. As many as 80,000 inhabitants perished almost instantly from the force and intense heat of the explosion. It is estimated that by 1950, as many as 200,000 additional victims had succumbed to their injuries, especially burns and the terrible effects of radiation. Cancer and genetic deformations caused by exposure to radiation continue to affect survivors and their descendants today.

A)World War I
B)Treaty of Versailles
C)Woodrow Wilson/Fourteen Points
D)Great Depression
E)New Deal
F)fascism
G)Mussolini
H)Nazi Germany
I)Hitler
J)Etty Hillesum
K)Revolutionary Right (Japan)
L)World War II in Asia
M)World War II in Europe
N)total war
O)Hiroshima
P)Holocaust
Q)Marshall Plan
R)European Economic Community
S)NATO

Question 66

Personal Reflection: Is it possible to draw historical lessons from World War I and World War II?

Question 67

Compare and contrast the consequences of the two world wars.