Deck 12: Pastoral Peoples on the Global Stage: the Mongol Moment,1200-1500

Question 1

What were the key webs or networks of influence, communication, and exchange through which peoples of the fifteenth century interacted?

Answer 1

Answer would ideally include:
•Webs of empire, large-scale political systems that brought together a variety of culturally different people
•Webs of religion that linked far-flung peoples through shared belief
•Trade networks among peoples occupying different environments and producing different goods

Question 2

What were the distinctive features of gathering and hunting societies, agricultural village societies, and pastoral societies?

Answer 2

Answer would ideally include:
•Gathering and hunting societies
--Absence of agriculture
--Mastered environment sufficiently to obtain necessary resources
--Examples of practices of societies in Australia and the northwest coast of North America
•Agricultural village societies
--Fully agricultural but not part of empires or civilizations
--Lack of cities and states
--Kinship relations important
--No significant political oppression, class inequalities, seclusion of women
--Examples: Igbo and Iroquois
•Pastoral societies
--Steppe pastoralists who herded animals
--Examples: Timur's empire, the Fulbe

Question 3

What does the painting of Aristotle and Averroes in Source 12.3 suggest about Renaissance views on Greek learning and Islam?

A) Muslim scholars rejected Aristotelian philosophy.
B) Aristotle's writings had been faithfully preserved by Muslim scholars.
C) Translations of Aristotle's works in the Islamic world were full of errors.
D) Muslim scholars plagiarized Aristotle's writings.

Answer 3

Aristotle's writings had been faithfully preserved by Muslim scholars.

Question 4

Why did the maritime expeditions of the Indian Ocean basin sponsored by the Ming emperor suddenly stop in 1433?

A) The court eunuchs who rose to power prioritized farming over commerce.
B) Most of the cultures they encountered reacted with hostility and violence.
C) The emperor's successors viewed expansion as a waste of resources.
D) Naval forces were redirected to deal with the military threat of the Portuguese.

Question 5

In the portrait of the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II in Source 12.1, which feature symbolizes his conquest of Constantinople?

A) The marble arch framing Mehmed
B) The three crowns on the left
C) The three crowns on the right
D) The jeweled block at the bottom

Question 6

Which of the following was the largest pastoral society in West Africa in the fifteenth century?

A) The Benin
B) The Fulbe
C) The Yoruba
D) The Igbo

Question 7

What powers did the Great Law of Peace give to the Iroquois League of Five Nations?

Question 8

Compare and contrast the Confucian revival in Ming China and the Renaissance in Europe.

Question 9

In the fifteenth century, what did the Igbo people in West Africa have in common with the Iroquois League in North America?

A) Centralized kingdoms and stratified societies
B) Plantation economies dependent on slave labor
C) Institutions for resolving conflict in the absence of a state
D) Written constitutions based on popular sovereignty

Question 10

How did women's lives in the Afro-Eurasian world compare to women's lives in the Americas?

Question 11

How did the Inca Empire's treatment of conquered peoples differ from that of the Aztec Empire?

Question 12

In its effort to recover from the disruption of Mongol rule, where did the Ming dynasty look for inspiration?

A) The culture of past Chinese dynasties
B) The civilization in Western Europe
C) The empire established by Timur
D) The religious world of Islam

Question 13

Which of the following was a feature of the communities in Australia in the fifteenth century?

A) The practice of indentured servitude
B) The practice of firestick farming
C) Permanent village settlements
D) Economic specialization

Question 14

Which of the following reflected the fragmented and competitive political environment in Europe in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries?

A) The Sunni/Shia divide
B) City of Ladies
C) The Renaissance
D) The Hundred Years' War

Question 15

Which group is depicted in the Venetian painting of Jerusalem in Source 12.4 that is not depicted in the painting of Damascus in Source 12.2?

A) Officials
B) Merchants
C) Women
D) Europeans

Question 16

In the Venetian painting of St. George in Jerusalem (Source 12.4), what does the large turban at the foot of the steps symbolize?

A) The last Crusade
B) The capture of Constantinople
C) The triumph of paganism
D) A rejection of Islam

Question 17

Which of the following views of Muhammad mostly likely influenced the fifteenth-century Italian artist Giovanni da Modena?

A) Muhammad as a religious heretic
B) Muhammad as the last prophet
C) Muhammad as Christ
D) Muhammad as a merchant

Question 18

In which empire was a Shia version of Islam made the official religion in the sixteenth century?

A) Ottoman Empire
B) Mughal Empire
C) Songhay Empire
D) Safavid Empire

Question 19

Which groups in Western Europe supported overseas exploration, and what were their motivations?

Question 20

What features differentiated the four Islamic empires in the fifteenth century?

Question 21

A ruler of the Songhay Empire made the pilgrimage to Mecca and asked to be given which title?

A) Caliph of the Land of the Blacks
B) Terror of the Turk
C) Strong Sword of Islam
D) Pioneer of Progress and Enlightenment

Question 22

What did the Inca Empire do that the Aztec Empire did not do?

A) Claimed descent from earlier Mesoamerican peoples
B) Discouraged agriculture and ended long-distance trade
C) Built a bureaucracy to integrate and control its subjects
D) Offered prisoners of war to the gods as human sacrifices

Question 23

What did the Aztec Empire require conquered people to do?

A) Register marriages
B) Pay tribute
C) Learn about Aztec culture
D) Speak the Aztec language

Question 24

Which of the following pairs of societies shared a common religion?

A) The Aztecs and the Incas
B) The Songhay Empire and the Ottoman Empire
C) The Mughal Empire and Vijayanagara
D) The Safavid Empire and Ethiopia

Question 25

In the fifteenth century, the gathering and hunting way of life associated with the Paleolithic era persisted in

A) Southeast Asia.
B) North Africa.
C) the Amazon River basin.
D) Australia.

Question 26

Which of the following was a value emphasized in the Renaissance?

A) Frugality
B) Equality
C) Liberty
D) Individualism

Question 27

Which of the following was a motivation for European expansion but not for Chinese expansion in the fifteenth century?

A) To enroll distant peoples and states in the tribute system
B) To gain direct access to the wealth of Africa and Asia
C) To eliminate piracy and banditry in the Indian Ocean
D) To recover from the devastation of the Black Death

Question 28

Which of the following is true of the Mughal Empire?

A) It created a new religion that synthesized Islam and Christianity.
B) It formed as a result of Chinese exploration in the Indian Ocean.
C) It established unified control over most of the Indian peninsula.
D) It showed no tolerance for Hindu subjects and expelled them.

Question 29

Which of the following was the most centralized, unified, and prosperous of the world's major civilizations in the fifteenth century?

A) China
B) Western Europe
C) The Songhay Empire
D) The Aztec Empire

Question 30

What could women do in both the Aztec and Inca empires?

A) Lead military forces into war
B) Exercise political authority
C) Have more than one husband
D) Preside over human sacrifices

Question 31

After the fifteenth century, how did the Chinese state resolve the problem created by a growing population and land scarcity?

A) It ended the tribute system.
B) It established equal trade relations with European countries.
C) It made more intensive use of available land.
D) It sponsored oceanic expansion.

Question 32

Which empire ended the Byzantine Empire and came the closest to conquering Europe?

A) Timur's Empire
B) Ottoman Empire
C) Delhi Sultanate
D) Mughal Empire

Question 33

In what way were the Aztec and Inca empires similar?

A) Both had a class of professional merchants known as pochteca.
B) Both were loosely structured and unstable conquest states.
C) Both encouraged the assimilation of conquered peoples into their societies.
D) Both were marginal peoples who conquered and absorbed older cultures.

Question 34

What feature did the Mughal Empire and Songhay Empire share?

A) The rulers were Muslim, but the majority of the population was not.
B) The rulers were Sunni Muslim, while their subjects were Shia Muslim.
C) Both were in the heartland of the Islamic world.
D) The rulers in both empires were Sufi holy men.

Question 35

The Inca and Aztec empires practiced similar gender-based systems in which women and men operated in two separate but equivalent spheres, a system that scholars call

A) gender parallelism.
B) gender equality.
C) matriarchy.
D) patriarchy.

Question 36

How was Islam introduced into Southeast Asia and West Africa?

A) As a result of Arab conquest
B) As a result of Turkic conquest
C) By traveling merchants
D) By Muslim crusaders

Question 37

Refer to Map 12.1 in the textbook. The empire that encompassed Persia in the fifteenth century marked

A) a shift in the balance of power in favor of states in outer Eurasia.
B) the golden age of Buddhism in the Middle East.
C) the last military conquest by pastoral peoples from Central Asia.
D) the relentless advance of the farming frontier.

Question 38

Which of the following was a principle underlying the Great Law of Peace of the Iroquois League?

A) Protection of private property
B) Limited government
C) Survival of the fittest
D) Loyalty to the state

Question 39

In the fifteenth century, long-distance trade shifted to

A) East Asia, Southeast Asia, and the Indian Ocean.
B) Central Asia, Russia, and the Caspian Sea.
C) North Africa, Portugal, and the Mediterranean.
D) West Africa, the Americas, and the Atlantic Ocean.

Question 40

The wars carried out by the Aztec Empire were linked to the

A) need for labor service.
B) practice of human sacrifice.
C) search for "wives of the Sun."
D) control of long-distance trade routes.

Question 41

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
The continuance of gathering and hunting societies in substantial areas of the world despite millennia of agricultural advance.

A)Paleolithic persistence
B)Igb
C)Iroquois
D)Timur
E)Fulbe
F)Ming dynasty China
G)Zheng He
H)European Renaissance
I)Ottoman Empire
J)seizure of Constantinople in 1453
K)Safavid Empire
L)Songhay Empire
M)Timbuktu
N)Mughal Empire
O)Malacca
P)Aztec Empire
Q)Inca Empire

Question 42

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
West Africa's largest pastoral society; its members gradually adopted Islam and took on a religious leadership role that led to the creation of a number of new states.

A)Paleolithic persistence
B)Igb
C)Iroquois
D)Timur
E)Fulbe
F)Ming dynasty China
G)Zheng He
H)European Renaissance
I)Ottoman Empire
J)seizure of Constantinople in 1453
K)Safavid Empire
L)Songhay Empire
M)Timbuktu
N)Mughal Empire
O)Malacca
P)Aztec Empire
Q)Inca Empire

Question 43

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
Group of Native American peoples who inhabited present-day New York State and who spoke a language of the same name. They became agricultural about 1300 and lived in villages. Increased conflict among the peoples led to the establishment of a confederation around the fifteenth century among five of the subgroups within this group: the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca.

A)Paleolithic persistence
B)Igb
C)Iroquois
D)Timur
E)Fulbe
F)Ming dynasty China
G)Zheng He
H)European Renaissance
I)Ottoman Empire
J)seizure of Constantinople in 1453
K)Safavid Empire
L)Songhay Empire
M)Timbuktu
N)Mughal Empire
O)Malacca
P)Aztec Empire
Q)Inca Empire

Question 44

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
Dynasty (1368-1644) that succeeded the Yuan dynasty of the Mongols; noted for its return to traditional ways and restoration of the land after the destructiveness of the Mongols.

A)Paleolithic persistence
B)Igb
C)Iroquois
D)Timur
E)Fulbe
F)Ming dynasty China
G)Zheng He
H)European Renaissance
I)Ottoman Empire
J)seizure of Constantinople in 1453
K)Safavid Empire
L)Songhay Empire
M)Timbuktu
N)Mughal Empire
O)Malacca
P)Aztec Empire
Q)Inca Empire

Question 45

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
Great Chinese admiral (1371-1433) who commanded a fleet of more than 300 ships in a series of voyages of contact and exploration that began in 1405.

A)Paleolithic persistence
B)Igb
C)Iroquois
D)Timur
E)Fulbe
F)Ming dynasty China
G)Zheng He
H)European Renaissance
I)Ottoman Empire
J)seizure of Constantinople in 1453
K)Safavid Empire
L)Songhay Empire
M)Timbuktu
N)Mughal Empire
O)Malacca
P)Aztec Empire
Q)Inca Empire

Question 46

Which of the following was a web of connection that linked many of the peoples in the world of the fifteenth century?

A) Industrialization
B) Capitalism
C) Nationalism
D) Empire

Question 47

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
The Western Hemisphere's largest imperial state in the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries; built by a relatively small community of Quechua-speaking people, the empire stretched some 2,500 miles along the Andes Mountains, which run nearly the entire length of the west coast of South America, and contained perhaps 10 million subjects.

A)Paleolithic persistence
B)Igb
C)Iroquois
D)Timur
E)Fulbe
F)Ming dynasty China
G)Zheng He
H)European Renaissance
I)Ottoman Empire
J)seizure of Constantinople in 1453
K)Safavid Empire
L)Songhay Empire
M)Timbuktu
N)Mughal Empire
O)Malacca
P)Aztec Empire
Q)Inca Empire

Question 48

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
Great city of West Africa, noted in the fourteenth to the sixteenth centuries as a center of Islamic scholarship.

A)Paleolithic persistence
B)Igb
C)Iroquois
D)Timur
E)Fulbe
F)Ming dynasty China
G)Zheng He
H)European Renaissance
I)Ottoman Empire
J)seizure of Constantinople in 1453
K)Safavid Empire
L)Songhay Empire
M)Timbuktu
N)Mughal Empire
O)Malacca
P)Aztec Empire
Q)Inca Empire

Question 49

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
A "rebirth" of classical learning that is most often associated with the cultural blossoming of Italy in the period 1350-1500 and that included not just a rediscovery of Greek learning but also major developments in art, as well as growing secularism in society.

A)Paleolithic persistence
B)Igb
C)Iroquois
D)Timur
E)Fulbe
F)Ming dynasty China
G)Zheng He
H)European Renaissance
I)Ottoman Empire
J)seizure of Constantinople in 1453
K)Safavid Empire
L)Songhay Empire
M)Timbuktu
N)Mughal Empire
O)Malacca
P)Aztec Empire
Q)Inca Empire

Question 50

Which city emerged as a major Muslim port city in the Indian Ocean basin in the fifteenth century?

A) Timbuktu
B) Samarkand
C) Malacca
D) Tenochtitlán

Question 51

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
One of the most successful empires of India, a state founded by an Islamized Turkic group that invaded India in 1526; these rulers were noted for their efforts to create partnerships between Hindus and Muslims.

A)Paleolithic persistence
B)Igb
C)Iroquois
D)Timur
E)Fulbe
F)Ming dynasty China
G)Zheng He
H)European Renaissance
I)Ottoman Empire
J)seizure of Constantinople in 1453
K)Safavid Empire
L)Songhay Empire
M)Timbuktu
N)Mughal Empire
O)Malacca
P)Aztec Empire
Q)Inca Empire

Question 52

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
People whose lands were east of the Niger River in what is now southern Nigeria in West Africa; they built a complex society that rejected kingship and centralized statehood and relied on other institutions to provide social coherence.

A)Paleolithic persistence
B)Igb
C)Iroquois
D)Timur
E)Fulbe
F)Ming dynasty China
G)Zheng He
H)European Renaissance
I)Ottoman Empire
J)seizure of Constantinople in 1453
K)Safavid Empire
L)Songhay Empire
M)Timbuktu
N)Mughal Empire
O)Malacca
P)Aztec Empire
Q)Inca Empire

Question 53

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
Major state that developed in what is now Mexico in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries; dominated by the seminomadic Mexica, who had migrated into the region from northern Mexico.

A)Paleolithic persistence
B)Igb
C)Iroquois
D)Timur
E)Fulbe
F)Ming dynasty China
G)Zheng He
H)European Renaissance
I)Ottoman Empire
J)seizure of Constantinople in 1453
K)Safavid Empire
L)Songhay Empire
M)Timbuktu
N)Mughal Empire
O)Malacca
P)Aztec Empire
Q)Inca Empire

Question 54

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
The capital and almost the only outpost left of the Byzantine Empire that fell to the army of the Ottoman sultan Mehmed II "the Conqueror," an event that marked the end of Christian Byzantium.

A)Paleolithic persistence
B)Igb
C)Iroquois
D)Timur
E)Fulbe
F)Ming dynasty China
G)Zheng He
H)European Renaissance
I)Ottoman Empire
J)seizure of Constantinople in 1453
K)Safavid Empire
L)Songhay Empire
M)Timbuktu
N)Mughal Empire
O)Malacca
P)Aztec Empire
Q)Inca Empire

Question 55

What contributed to the decline of inter-island exchanges in Pacific Polynesia by 1500?

A) Paleolithic persistence
B) The fall of Constantinople
C) The Renaissance
D) The Little Ice Age

Question 56

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
Major Turkic empire of Persia founded in the early sixteenth century, notable for its efforts to convert its populace to Shia Islam.

A)Paleolithic persistence
B)Igb
C)Iroquois
D)Timur
E)Fulbe
F)Ming dynasty China
G)Zheng He
H)European Renaissance
I)Ottoman Empire
J)seizure of Constantinople in 1453
K)Safavid Empire
L)Songhay Empire
M)Timbuktu
N)Mughal Empire
O)Malacca
P)Aztec Empire
Q)Inca Empire

Question 57

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
Turkic warrior (1336-1405), also known as Tamerlane, whose efforts to restore the Mongol Empire devastated much of Persia, Russia, and India.

A)Paleolithic persistence
B)Igb
C)Iroquois
D)Timur
E)Fulbe
F)Ming dynasty China
G)Zheng He
H)European Renaissance
I)Ottoman Empire
J)seizure of Constantinople in 1453
K)Safavid Empire
L)Songhay Empire
M)Timbuktu
N)Mughal Empire
O)Malacca
P)Aztec Empire
Q)Inca Empire

Question 58

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
Muslim port city that came to prominence on the waterway between Sumatra and Malaya in the fifteenth century C·E·.; it was the springboard for the spread of a syncretic form of Islam throughout the region.

A)Paleolithic persistence
B)Igb
C)Iroquois
D)Timur
E)Fulbe
F)Ming dynasty China
G)Zheng He
H)European Renaissance
I)Ottoman Empire
J)seizure of Constantinople in 1453
K)Safavid Empire
L)Songhay Empire
M)Timbuktu
N)Mughal Empire
O)Malacca
P)Aztec Empire
Q)Inca Empire

Question 59

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
Major Islamic state of West Africa that formed in the second half of the fifteenth century.

A)Paleolithic persistence
B)Igb
C)Iroquois
D)Timur
E)Fulbe
F)Ming dynasty China
G)Zheng He
H)European Renaissance
I)Ottoman Empire
J)seizure of Constantinople in 1453
K)Safavid Empire
L)Songhay Empire
M)Timbuktu
N)Mughal Empire
O)Malacca
P)Aztec Empire
Q)Inca Empire

Question 60

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
Major Islamic state centered in Anatolia that came to include the Balkans, the Near East, and much of North Africa.

A)Paleolithic persistence
B)Igb
C)Iroquois
D)Timur
E)Fulbe
F)Ming dynasty China
G)Zheng He
H)European Renaissance
I)Ottoman Empire
J)seizure of Constantinople in 1453
K)Safavid Empire
L)Songhay Empire
M)Timbuktu
N)Mughal Empire
O)Malacca
P)Aztec Empire
Q)Inca Empire

Question 61

Personal Reflection: Of all the fifteenth-century societies explored in Chapter 12, which would you have preferred to live in, and why?

Question 62

Historical Comparison: Compare the political organization and state structure of two of the following empires: Inca Empire, Ming dynasty China, the Ottoman Empire.

Question 63

Historical Comparison: What key developments separated the modern era from the fifteenth century?