Deck 1: First Peoples: Populating the Planet, to 10,000 Bce

Question 1

In what ways were chiefdoms different from agricultural village societies?

Answer 1

Answer would ideally include:
•Both were permanent settlements based on agriculture.
•Agricultural village societies
--conducted their affairs without full-time rulers.
--often organized themselves in terms of kinship groups or lineages.
--were characterized by a lineage system that provided the framework within which large numbers of people could make and enforce rules, maintain order, and settle disputes.
--developed modest social and economic inequalities, but they were not as well defined as those of chiefdoms and were not hereditary.
•Chiefdoms
--contained more inequality.
--were run by chiefs who inherited power and privilege.
--may have had organized irrigation systems and controlled trade with neighboring areas organized by temple priests.
--required commoners to pay tribute.

Question 2

The Agricultural Revolution occurred independently in various parts of the world between

A) 300,000 and 250,000 years ago.
B) 100,000 and 60,000 years ago.
C) 45,000 and 30,000 years ago.
D) 12,000 and 4,000 years ago.

Answer 2

12,000 and 4,000 years ago.

Question 3

What was the relationship between pastoral societies and agricultural village societies?

Answer 3

Answer would ideally include:
•Conflict
--Pastoralists were attracted to the wealth and sophistication of agricultural societies.
--Pastoralists wanted access to the richer grazing land controlled by agricultural societies.
--Pastoralists wanted the food crops and manufactured goods produced by agricultural societies.
•Peaceful exchange of technologies, ideas, products, and people

Question 4

According to Source 1.1, which of the following describes the role of Yhi and Baiame in the creation of the world?

A) Yhi instructed Baime to awaken the world with his light.
B) Baime instructed Yhi to awaken the world with her light.
C) Yhi resurrected the world after Baime destroyed it.
D) Baime resurrected the world after Yhi destroyed it.

Question 5

Why did some areas of the world not experience the Agricultural Revolution?

Question 6

According to the Purukapali myth in Source 1.4, which of the following precipitated the introduction of death into human life?

A) Theft
B) Greed
C) Adultery
D) Gluttony

Question 7

Which of the following stories portrays women in a positive light?

A) Yhi Brings Life to the World
B) The Platypus
C) The Mutjinga Myth
D) The Purukapali Myth

Question 8

Which describes a religious or spiritual aspect of Paleolithic culture?

A) An outlook that sharply distinguished between the material and spiritual worlds
B) A single belief system based on monotheism and animism
C) A cyclical view of time that emphasized regeneration and disintegration
D) The worship of masculinity, as reflected in universally male images and statues

Question 9

How did the Agricultural Revolution affect the environment?

Question 10

What role did women play in agricultural village societies?

A) Women led important rituals and ceremonies.
B) Women rode horses and fought in battles.
C) Women participated in farming and textile work.
D) Women organized irrigation systems and controlled trade.

Question 11

What kinds of uniquely human activities show up early in the African archeological record, supporting the theory that humans originated on that continent?

Question 12

What was the chronological sequence of human settlement of the planet?

Question 13

What does the surviving evidence reveal about the religious beliefs and practices of Paleolithic humans?

Question 14

Which of the following describes a feature of chiefdoms?

A) The use of force to ensure obedience from subjects
B) The absence of centralized authority
C) The collection of tribute from commoners
D) The separation of religious and secular power

Question 15

What was a feature of society during the Paleolithic era?

A) High population density
B) Relative egalitarianism
C) Class conflict
D) Widespread slavery

Question 16

How did different environmental conditions influence the emergence of agriculture in different parts of the world?

Question 17

What did migrants to Australia and the Pacific Islands use to get to their destinations?

A) Clovis points
B) Mammoths
C) Land bridges
D) Boats

Question 18

Which of the following does the myth of Mutjinga in Source 1.3 justify?

A) Men's monopoly of power
B) Women's control of men
C) Divisions within society
D) Enslavement of certain groups

Question 19

According to Source 1.2, which of the following statements reflects Platypus's response to the different animals' requests to join their respective groups?

A) Platypus will join the group that will make him king.
B) Platypus will join the group that defeats the other groups.
C) Everyone has to belong to a particular community.
D) Everyone has a unique quality that makes her or him special.

Question 20

In contrast to the people who migrated to the Americas, the Austronesian migrants to the Pacific islands

A) brought domesticated plants and animals with them.
B) crossed the Bering Strait.
C) returned to their places of origin every year.
D) left their new environments mostly unchanged.

Question 21

Which of the following is true of both the Paleolithic era and Age of Agriculture?

A) The prevalence of female imagery
B) The power of priests
C) The modification of the genetic composition of plants
D) The spread of permanent settlements

Question 22

What is another name for the Agricultural Revolution?

A) Fertile Crescent
B) Neolithic Revolution
C) "Secondary products revolution"
D) Mesoamerica

Question 23

Which of the following describes a feature of pastoral societies?

A) Village-based horticulture
B) Animal husbandry
C) Intensification of land use
D) Oppression of women

Question 24

Which of the following was a result of the Agricultural Revolution?

A) The initial human settlement of the earth
B) The invention of the plow
C) Higher risk of disease and famine
D) The decline of trade

Question 25

What was the result of the spread of agriculture through diffusion and migration?

A) The spread of language groups
B) The creation of gathering and hunting societies
C) The strengthening of maritime empires
D) The extinction of pastoral societies

Question 26

Which factor contributed to the Agricultural Revolution?

A) A sharp decline in population
B) An increase in the number of large mammals
C) A need for additional food
D) The rise of chiefdoms

Question 27

Which of the following was an important development during the Paleolithic period?

A) Humankind created the first alphabet.
B) Humankind migrated to different parts of the world.
C) Humankind established the first civilizations.
D) Humankind developed ironworking technologies.

Question 28

Which of the following was the point of departure for migration to the Americas?

A) New Guinea
B) Eastern Siberia
C) Aotearoa
D) Easter Island

Question 29

Which form of society during the Age of Agriculture is considered to have a distinct element of inequality?

A) Paleolithic societies
B) Pastoral societies
C) Gathering and hunting societies
D) Chiefdoms

Question 30

Which of the following is used as evidence that the earliest humans first emerged in Africa?

A) Cave paintings
B) Domestication of plants
C) Processing of ochre
D) Shrine-like buildings

Question 31

Which of the following explains why some regions did not make the transition to an agricultural way of life?

A) There were not enough people to do all the work involved with farming.
B) Farming was considered socially demeaning.
C) Knowledge about farming did not spread beyond the core areas where the Agricultural Revolution had taken place.
D) Environmental conditions were not suitable for farming.

Question 32

Which of the following explains why conflict was frequent between pastoral societies and agricultural societies?

A) Pastoral societies wanted the food crops and manufactured goods produced by agricultural societies.
B) Agricultural societies domesticated animals, but pastoral societies domesticated plants.
C) Agricultural societies sought access to the richer grazing lands controlled by pastoral societies.
D) The animals herded by pastoral societies could be found only in land controlled by agricultural societies.

Question 33

How did the north/south orientation of the Americas affect the unfolding of the Agricultural Revolution in that part of the world?

A) Farmers in the Americas developed no grain crop that could sustain large populations.
B) The successful domestication of large mammals by people in the Americas made crop domestication less important.
C) Crops were slow to spread because they had to adapt to different climactic and vegetation zones.
D) Agricultural innovations developed first in Mesoamerica and then spread north and south.

Question 34

How did the last Ice Age affect Paleolithic people?

A) Ice served as an important preservative for food, making it possible for them to settle in the same place for extended periods.
B) The cold weather killed off most large mammals that had preyed on early human beings.
C) As the glaciers advanced, humans could easily move into new regions because humankind had originated in cold climates.
D) The lower sea levels associated with the Ice Age created land bridges, allowing human beings to travel to many regions of the earth.

Question 35

What common feature did pastoral and agricultural societies share?

A) Organization of society based on kinship
B) Systems of labor based on slavery
C) Preference for male children
D) Inherited positions of power and privilege

Question 36

Humans in the Paleolithic era already had the knowledge to do which of the following?

A) Make pottery
B) Harvest wool
C) Ride horses
D) Make wine

Question 37

Which of the following describes both pastoral and agricultural village societies?

A) Both were made up of mobile populations that moved frequently.
B) Both were made up of bands of twenty-five to fifty people.
C) Both possessed relatively egalitarian social structures with few social distinctions.
D) Both possessed permanent settlements near the sea.

Question 38

Which of the following represents a way that Paleolithic humans shaped their environment?

A) They deliberately set fires to encourage the growth of particular plants.
B) They regulated their hunting to avoid the extinction of various large animals.
C) They drove wild animals into new regions to increase their numbers.
D) They regulated the human population to avoid overtaxing the environment.

Question 39

Which of the following distinguished the Agricultural Revolution in the Americas from the Agricultural Revolution elsewhere?

A) The scarcity of animals that could be domesticated
B) A common climatic and vegetation zone
C) High agricultural yields and population density
D) Uniformity of farming practices and techniques

Question 40

Which of the following offers evidence that Paleolithic peoples were shifting from a nomadic way of life to a more settled lifestyle?

A) Extinction of large mammals
B) Increase in the size of tools
C) Elaborate burial sites
D) Global warming

Question 41

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
Dying out of a number of large animal species, including the mammoth and several species of horses and camels, that occurred around 11,000 to 10,000 years ago, at the end of the Ice Age. The extinction may have been caused by excessive hunting or by the changing climate of the era.

A)Venus figurines
B)Dreamtime
C)Clovis culture
D)megafaunal extinction
E)Austronesian migrations
F)"the original affluent society"
G)shamans
H)trance dance
I)Paleolithic settling down
J)Göbekli Tepe
K)Fertile Crescent
L)teosinte
M)diffusion
N)Bantu migration
O)Ishi
P)Banp--
Q)"secondary products revolution"
R)pastoral societies
S)Çatalhüyük
T)chiefdoms

Question 42

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
Region sometimes known as Southwest Asia that includes the modern states of Iraq, Syria, Israel/Palestine, and southern Turkey; the earliest home of agriculture.

A)Venus figurines
B)Dreamtime
C)Clovis culture
D)megafaunal extinction
E)Austronesian migrations
F)"the original affluent society"
G)shamans
H)trance dance
I)Paleolithic settling down
J)Göbekli Tepe
K)Fertile Crescent
L)teosinte
M)diffusion
N)Bantu migration
O)Ishi
P)Banp--
Q)"secondary products revolution"
R)pastoral societies
S)Çatalhüyük
T)chiefdoms

Question 43

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
The spread of Bantu-speaking peoples from their homeland in what is now southern Nigeria or Cameroon to most of Africa, in a process that started about 3000 B·C·E·. and continued for several millennia.

A)Venus figurines
B)Dreamtime
C)Clovis culture
D)megafaunal extinction
E)Austronesian migrations
F)"the original affluent society"
G)shamans
H)trance dance
I)Paleolithic settling down
J)Göbekli Tepe
K)Fertile Crescent
L)teosinte
M)diffusion
N)Bantu migration
O)Ishi
P)Banp--
Q)"secondary products revolution"
R)pastoral societies
S)Çatalhüyük
T)chiefdoms

Question 44

Which of the following is the earliest evidence that gathering and hunting peoples were starting to make the transition to agriculture?

A) Maize
B) Sickles
C) Canoes
D) Milk

Question 45

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
A term used to describe the series of technological changes that began about 4000 B·C·E·., as people began to develop new uses for their domesticated animals, exploiting a revolutionary new source of power.

A)Venus figurines
B)Dreamtime
C)Clovis culture
D)megafaunal extinction
E)Austronesian migrations
F)"the original affluent society"
G)shamans
H)trance dance
I)Paleolithic settling down
J)Göbekli Tepe
K)Fertile Crescent
L)teosinte
M)diffusion
N)Bantu migration
O)Ishi
P)Banp--
Q)"secondary products revolution"
R)pastoral societies
S)Çatalhüyük
T)chiefdoms

Question 46

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
Human societies that rely on domesticated animals rather than plants as the main source of food; nomads lead their animals to seasonal grazing grounds rather than settling permanently in a single location.

A)Venus figurines
B)Dreamtime
C)Clovis culture
D)megafaunal extinction
E)Austronesian migrations
F)"the original affluent society"
G)shamans
H)trance dance
I)Paleolithic settling down
J)Göbekli Tepe
K)Fertile Crescent
L)teosinte
M)diffusion
N)Bantu migration
O)Ishi
P)Banp--
Q)"secondary products revolution"
R)pastoral societies
S)Çatalhüyük
T)chiefdoms

Question 47

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
The last phase of the great human migration that established a human presence in every habitable region of the earth. These people settled the Pacific islands and Madagascar in a series of seaborne migrations that began around 3,500 years ago.

A)Venus figurines
B)Dreamtime
C)Clovis culture
D)megafaunal extinction
E)Austronesian migrations
F)"the original affluent society"
G)shamans
H)trance dance
I)Paleolithic settling down
J)Göbekli Tepe
K)Fertile Crescent
L)teosinte
M)diffusion
N)Bantu migration
O)Ishi
P)Banp--
Q)"secondary products revolution"
R)pastoral societies
S)Çatalhüyük
T)chiefdoms

Question 48

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
A ceremonial site comprising 20 circles made up of carved limestone pillars located in southeastern Turkey. The site, which dates to 11,600 years ago, was built by gathering and hunting peoples who lived at least part of the year in settled villages.

A)Venus figurines
B)Dreamtime
C)Clovis culture
D)megafaunal extinction
E)Austronesian migrations
F)"the original affluent society"
G)shamans
H)trance dance
I)Paleolithic settling down
J)Göbekli Tepe
K)Fertile Crescent
L)teosinte
M)diffusion
N)Bantu migration
O)Ishi
P)Banp--
Q)"secondary products revolution"
R)pastoral societies
S)Çatalhüyük
T)chiefdoms

Question 49

Which of the following describes a development associated with the migration of Austronesian-speaking peoples throughout the Pacific?

A) The dependence on ice bridges to reach their destinations
B) The emergence of chiefdoms in the regions where they settled
C) The preservation of the ecosystem and natural habitats
D) The egalitarianism of the societies that emerged

Question 50

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
Term coined by the scholar Marshall Sahlins in 1972 to describe Paleolithic societies, which he regarded as affluent not because they had so much but because they wanted or needed so little.

A)Venus figurines
B)Dreamtime
C)Clovis culture
D)megafaunal extinction
E)Austronesian migrations
F)"the original affluent society"
G)shamans
H)trance dance
I)Paleolithic settling down
J)Göbekli Tepe
K)Fertile Crescent
L)teosinte
M)diffusion
N)Bantu migration
O)Ishi
P)Banp--
Q)"secondary products revolution"
R)pastoral societies
S)Çatalhüyük
T)chiefdoms

Question 51

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
The last surviving member of a gathering and hunting group known as the Yahi who lived in northern California. His people were driven into extinction during the second half of the nineteenth century by the intrusion of farming and herding "civilized" societies.

A)Venus figurines
B)Dreamtime
C)Clovis culture
D)megafaunal extinction
E)Austronesian migrations
F)"the original affluent society"
G)shamans
H)trance dance
I)Paleolithic settling down
J)Göbekli Tepe
K)Fertile Crescent
L)teosinte
M)diffusion
N)Bantu migration
O)Ishi
P)Banp--
Q)"secondary products revolution"
R)pastoral societies
S)Çatalhüyük
T)chiefdoms

Question 52

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
A Chinese archeological site where the remains of a significant Neolithic village have been found.

A)Venus figurines
B)Dreamtime
C)Clovis culture
D)megafaunal extinction
E)Austronesian migrations
F)"the original affluent society"
G)shamans
H)trance dance
I)Paleolithic settling down
J)Göbekli Tepe
K)Fertile Crescent
L)teosinte
M)diffusion
N)Bantu migration
O)Ishi
P)Banp--
Q)"secondary products revolution"
R)pastoral societies
S)Çatalhüyük
T)chiefdoms

Question 53

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
A complex worldview of Australia's Aboriginal people that held that current humans live in a vibration or echo of ancestral happenings.

A)Venus figurines
B)Dreamtime
C)Clovis culture
D)megafaunal extinction
E)Austronesian migrations
F)"the original affluent society"
G)shamans
H)trance dance
I)Paleolithic settling down
J)Göbekli Tepe
K)Fertile Crescent
L)teosinte
M)diffusion
N)Bantu migration
O)Ishi
P)Banp--
Q)"secondary products revolution"
R)pastoral societies
S)Çatalhüyük
T)chiefdoms

Question 54

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
In many early societies, a person believed to have the ability to act as a bridge between living humans and supernatural forces, often by means of trances induced by psychoactive drugs.

A)Venus figurines
B)Dreamtime
C)Clovis culture
D)megafaunal extinction
E)Austronesian migrations
F)"the original affluent society"
G)shamans
H)trance dance
I)Paleolithic settling down
J)Göbekli Tepe
K)Fertile Crescent
L)teosinte
M)diffusion
N)Bantu migration
O)Ishi
P)Banp--
Q)"secondary products revolution"
R)pastoral societies
S)Çatalhüyük
T)chiefdoms

Question 55

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
The earliest widespread and distinctive culture of North America; named from a particular kind of projectile point.

A)Venus figurines
B)Dreamtime
C)Clovis culture
D)megafaunal extinction
E)Austronesian migrations
F)"the original affluent society"
G)shamans
H)trance dance
I)Paleolithic settling down
J)Göbekli Tepe
K)Fertile Crescent
L)teosinte
M)diffusion
N)Bantu migration
O)Ishi
P)Banp--
Q)"secondary products revolution"
R)pastoral societies
S)Çatalhüyük
T)chiefdoms

Question 56

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
The process by which some Paleolithic peoples moved toward permanent settlement in the wake of the last Ice Age. Settlement was marked by increasing storage of food and accumulation of goods as well as growing inequalities in society.

A)Venus figurines
B)Dreamtime
C)Clovis culture
D)megafaunal extinction
E)Austronesian migrations
F)"the original affluent society"
G)shamans
H)trance dance
I)Paleolithic settling down
J)Göbekli Tepe
K)Fertile Crescent
L)teosinte
M)diffusion
N)Bantu migration
O)Ishi
P)Banp--
Q)"secondary products revolution"
R)pastoral societies
S)Çatalhüyük
T)chiefdoms

Question 57

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
Societal groupings governed by a chief who typically relies on generosity, ritual status, or charisma rather than force to win obedience from the people.

A)Venus figurines
B)Dreamtime
C)Clovis culture
D)megafaunal extinction
E)Austronesian migrations
F)"the original affluent society"
G)shamans
H)trance dance
I)Paleolithic settling down
J)Göbekli Tepe
K)Fertile Crescent
L)teosinte
M)diffusion
N)Bantu migration
O)Ishi
P)Banp--
Q)"secondary products revolution"
R)pastoral societies
S)Çatalhüyük
T)chiefdoms

Question 58

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
An important Neolithic site in what is now Turkey.

A)Venus figurines
B)Dreamtime
C)Clovis culture
D)megafaunal extinction
E)Austronesian migrations
F)"the original affluent society"
G)shamans
H)trance dance
I)Paleolithic settling down
J)Göbekli Tepe
K)Fertile Crescent
L)teosinte
M)diffusion
N)Bantu migration
O)Ishi
P)Banp--
Q)"secondary products revolution"
R)pastoral societies
S)Çatalhüyük
T)chiefdoms

Question 59

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
The gradual spread of agricultural techniques without extensive population movement.

A)Venus figurines
B)Dreamtime
C)Clovis culture
D)megafaunal extinction
E)Austronesian migrations
F)"the original affluent society"
G)shamans
H)trance dance
I)Paleolithic settling down
J)Göbekli Tepe
K)Fertile Crescent
L)teosinte
M)diffusion
N)Bantu migration
O)Ishi
P)Banp--
Q)"secondary products revolution"
R)pastoral societies
S)Çatalhüyük
T)chiefdoms

Question 60

The Clovis culture of North America provides evidence of

A) the beginning of the last Ice Age.
B) warfare between rival tribes.
C) cultural diffusion over a large area.
D) the domestication of animals.

Question 61

Comparative Analysis: What did all Paleolithic peoples share in common, and what differences subdivided them?

Question 62

Personal Reflection: Would you prefer to live in a Paleolithic society, a pastoral society, an agricultural village society, or a chiefdom? Why?

Question 63

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
In San culture, a nightlong ritual held to activate a human being's inner spiritual potency to counteract the evil influences of gods and ancestors. The practice was apparently common to the Khoisan people, of whom the Ju/'hoansi are a surviving remnant.

A)Venus figurines
B)Dreamtime
C)Clovis culture
D)megafaunal extinction
E)Austronesian migrations
F)"the original affluent society"
G)shamans
H)trance dance
I)Paleolithic settling down
J)Göbekli Tepe
K)Fertile Crescent
L)teosinte
M)diffusion
N)Bantu migration
O)Ishi
P)Banp--
Q)"secondary products revolution"
R)pastoral societies
S)Çatalhüyük
T)chiefdoms

Question 64

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
The wild ancestor of maize.

A)Venus figurines
B)Dreamtime
C)Clovis culture
D)megafaunal extinction
E)Austronesian migrations
F)"the original affluent society"
G)shamans
H)trance dance
I)Paleolithic settling down
J)Göbekli Tepe
K)Fertile Crescent
L)teosinte
M)diffusion
N)Bantu migration
O)Ishi
P)Banp--
Q)"secondary products revolution"
R)pastoral societies
S)Çatalhüyük
T)chiefdoms

Question 65

Use the following to answer questions:
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Terms
Paleolithic carvings of the female form, often with exaggerated breasts, buttocks, hips, and stomach, which may have had religious significance.

A)Venus figurines
B)Dreamtime
C)Clovis culture
D)megafaunal extinction
E)Austronesian migrations
F)"the original affluent society"
G)shamans
H)trance dance
I)Paleolithic settling down
J)Göbekli Tepe
K)Fertile Crescent
L)teosinte
M)diffusion
N)Bantu migration
O)Ishi
P)Banp--
Q)"secondary products revolution"
R)pastoral societies
S)Çatalhüyük
T)chiefdoms

Question 66

Historical Analysis: What were the key changes in human society that came with the Agricultural Revolution?