Deck 7: Cognition: Thinking, Intelligence, and Language

Question 1

The tendency to perceive and approach problems in the same ways that have worked in the past is called ________.

A) mental set
B) means-end analysis
C) noncompensatory modeling
D) prototypical idealization

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Language is based on basic sound units called ________.

A) phonemes
B) morphemes
C) semantics
D) registers

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Alfred Binet designed the first ________ test.

A) aptitude
B) performance-based
C) perception
D) intelligence

Answer 3

D

Question 4

What type of thinking could be described as taking different directions in search of a variety of answers to a question?

A) decisive
B) convergent
C) heuristic
D) divergent

Question 5

If intelligence is determined primarily by heredity, which pair should show the highest correlation between IQ scores?

A) fraternal twins
B) identical twins
C) brothers and sisters
D) parents and children

Question 6

All parents think their little kids are geniuses. However, to be classified as a genius, the IQ score must be above ________.

A) 120-125
B) 130-135
C) 140-145
D) 150-155

Question 7

Which of the following is suggested by your authors as helping to substantially improve cognitive health?

A) physical exercise
B) a diet high in beta-amyloids
C) drinking one or two glasses of red wine at least twice each week
D) the cessation of cigarette smoking Chapter 7 - Quick Quiz 1

Question 8

At the current time, which statement is TRUE about our knowledge of whether animals can use humanlike language?

A) It has been clearly shown that animals cannot use humanlike language.
B) All animal communication is instinctual and, thus, is not language.
C) Only primates, like monkey and chimps, show any sign of language-like behavior.
D) It is still unclear if animals can show humanlike language at any level of development.
Chapter 7 - Quick Quiz 2

Question 9

What are the smallest units of meaning in a language?

A) words
B) syntax
C) phonemes
D) morphemes

Question 10

Researchers have found that ________ influenced by culture.

A) neither language nor thought is
B) language, but not thought, is
C) thought, but not language, is
D) both language and thought are

Question 11

________ intelligence has been suggested by Goleman to be a more powerful influence in life than more traditional views, even though this claim has not been fully supported by extensive research.

A) Analytical
B) Creative
C) Emotional
D) Existential

Question 12

The ability to learn from one's experiences, acquire knowledge, and use resources effectively when faced with challenges or problems is the psychologist's working definition of ________.

A) divergent problem solving
B) creative thinking
C) heuristic usage
D) intelligence

Question 13

The term Terman's Termites refers to ________.

A) a set of developmentally delayed students that Terman studied intensively
B) a group of army soldiers who on the basis of their IQ were followed through their military career
C) a sample of gifted children who were studied and followed into adulthood
D) none of these

Question 14

A psychological test that measures what we intend it to measure is said to be ________.

A) valid
B) normed
C) reliable
D) standardized

Question 15

A person starts from one point and comes up with many different ideas or possibilities based on that point. The person is engaging in ________.

A) functional thinking
B) circular thinking
C) convergent thinking
D) divergent thinking

Question 16

In Kosslyn's "imaginary island" study, researchers found that it does take longer to view a mental image that ________.

A) is larger or covers more distance than one that is smaller and more compact
B) has more items in it
C) has more colors in it
D) contains living things as compared to nonliving items

Question 17

A seemingly arbitrary flash "out of the blue," through which the solution to a problem suddenly becomes apparent to you, but you do not consciously know how you "figured it out," is called ________.

A) brainstorming
B) priming
C) insight
D) a mental set

Question 18

A male has a defect in the X chromosome of the 23rd pair. As children, people with this syndrome experience symptoms that can range from mild to severe or even profound intellectual disability. This is known as ________.

A) fragile X syndrome
B) Down syndrome
C) fetal alcohol syndrome
D) familial retardation

Question 19

What problem-solving strategies don't guarantee solutions but make efficient use of time?

A) heuristics
B) algorithms
C) mnemonic devices
D) cognitive shortcuts

Question 20

What are mental categories representing activities, objects, qualities, or situations that share some common characteristics?

A) classes
B) concepts
C) attributes
D) classifications

Question 21

FMRI analysis has found that when people engage in tasks involving visual perception, several different brain areas are activated. They include all of the following EXCEPT the ________.

A) medulla Correct. This part of the hindbrain was not assessed in such studies.
B) parietal lobes
C) temporal lobes
D) frontal cortex Incorrect. This part of the brain is active during this type of task.
TOPIC: How People Think

Question 22

You ask a student to describe the path to his dorm room. The most likely way in which he will do this is to ________.

A) recite a rote list of directions he memorized Incorrect. He is most likely to walk through a mental image of the path.
B) give you the GPS location of his dorm room
C) walk through a mental image of the path and describe it to you as he does it Correct. He is most likely to walk through a mental image of the path that he has in his head and describe it to you as he "moves" along it.
D) draw you a map and then describe it to you TOPIC: How People Think

Question 23

Which is the most likely prototype for the concept "vehicle"?

A) glider
B) car Correct. The most likely prototype for the concept "vehicle" is a car, because it is most familiar to folks today.
C) scooter
D) bicycle Incorrect. The most likely prototype for the concept "vehicle" is a car because bicycles aren't as easy to classify as vehicles immediately.
TOPIC: How People Think

Question 24

What problem-solving strategies don't guarantee solutions but make efficient use of time?

A) heuristics Correct. Heuristics don't guarantee a solution but make more efficient use of time.
B) algorithms
C) mnemonic devices
D) cognitive shortcuts Incorrect. "Cognitive shortcuts" is an appealing term, but it is not a definitional one used in the study of problem solving.
TOPIC: How People Think

Question 25

Talia is looking for her cat by methodically searching each room and then closing the door. She is using what type of problem solving strategy?

A) an algorithm Correct. An algorithm is a set of steps that, if followed methodically, will guarantee that the correct solution to a problem will be achieved.
B) a heuristic Incorrect. A heuristic is a rule-of-thumb strategy that does not guarantee the correct solution to a problem but offers a likely shortcut to that solution.
C) a means-end strategy
D) a hunch TOPIC: How People Think

Question 26

PET scans have demonstrated that when you are creating a visual image, ________.

A) the image is generated by the retinal ganglion cells and sent to the cortex
B) the image is generated by the thalamus and sent to the brain
C) the areas associated with stored knowledge send information to the visual cortex Correct. PET scans have demonstrated that when you are creating a visual image, the areas associated with stored knowledge send information to the visual cortex.
D) there is no locus in the brain that can be determined for the generation of visual images Incorrect. PET scans have demonstrated that when you are creating a visual image, the areas associated with stored knowledge send information to the visual cortex.
TOPIC: How People Think

Question 27

Don tells Ray that he wants to get a new sports car. Ray immediately understands why, because he is familiar with the common characteristics of sports cars and knows what makes them different from family cars. Ray is using mental categories called ________.

A) classes
B) concepts Correct. Ray is using mental categories called concepts, which are ideas that represent a category of objects or events.
C) attributes
D) classifications Incorrect. Ray is using mental categories called concepts, which are ideas that represent a category of objects or events. "Classifications" is not a term used for this process.
TOPIC: How People Think

Question 28

What systematic problem-solving method guarantees a solution, provided that one exists?

A) heuristic method Incorrect. The heuristic strategy is called a "rule of thumb" and does not guarantee a solution.
B) algorithmic method Correct. The systematic problem-solving method that guarantees a solution is the algorithmic method. For example, the Pythagorean theorem is algorithmic in a Euclidean space.
C) mnemonic device
D) cognitive shortcut TOPIC: How People Think

Question 29

Concepts are ideas that represent ________.

A) a class or category of objects, events, or activities Correct. Concepts are defined as ideas that represent a class or category of objects, events, or activities.
B) patterns of behavior Incorrect. Concepts are mental categories and do not involve behavior.
C) higher-order conditioning and secondary reinforcers
D) a process of cognition occurring when a goal must be reached by thinking and behaving in certain ways TOPIC: How People Think

Question 30

A kind of schema that involves a familiar sequence of activities, such as how to behave when you go to a restaurant for lunch, is called a(n) ________.

A) heuristic Incorrect. This is a general approach to solving a familiar problem.
B) exemplar
C) prototype
D) script Correct. Scripts guide our behaviors based on past experiences in similar circumstances.
TOPIC: How People Think

Question 31

Which example would most people take longest to identify as a fruit (even though it technically is a fruit)?

A) grape
B) apple
C) orange Incorrect. An orange closely matches the prototype of fruit.
D) olive Correct. Most people would take longest to identify an olive as a fruit because it has the fewest characteristics of the prototype of fruit.
TOPIC: How People Think

Question 32

What are mental categories representing activities, objects, qualities, or situations that share some common characteristics?

A) classes
B) concepts Correct. Mental categories representing activities, objects, qualities, or situations that share some common characteristics are called concepts.
C) attributes Incorrect. Mental categories representing activities, objects, qualities, or situations that share some common characteristics are called concepts.
D) classifications TOPIC: How People Think

Question 33

In Kosslyn's "imaginary island" study, researchers found that it does take longer to view a mental image that ________.

A) is larger or covers more distance than one that is smaller and more compact Correct. Researchers did find that it takes longer to view a mental image that is larger or covers more distance than one that is smaller and more compact.
B) has more items in it Incorrect. Researchers were comparing size and distance, not numbers of items.
C) has more colors in it
D) contains living things as compared to nonliving items TOPIC: How People Think

Question 34

The first thing that comes to mind when asked to name an example from a category is called the ________.

A) schema
B) prototype Correct. A prototype refers to the most typical example of a concept.
C) concept marker Incorrect. Concept markers are not discussed in this chapter.
D) category marker TOPIC: How People Think

Question 35

Before enrolling in an abnormal psychology course, Gary's idea of psychological disorders had been influenced primarily by talk shows. He expected to hear the same kinds of stories he had heard on talk shows. What an eye-opening experience the course turned out to be! How would a cognitive psychologist describe the influence the course had on Gary's idea of psychological disorders?

A) Gary learned the value of algorithms.
B) Gary now uses heuristics. Incorrect. A cognitive psychologist would say that the course altered his concept of psychological disorders. Heuristics are rules of thumbs used in problem solving.
C) The course increased Gary's ability to use visual imagery.
D) The course altered Gary's concept of psychological disorders. Correct. A cognitive psychologist would say that the course altered his concept of psychological disorders because of the new information presented to him.
TOPIC: How People Think

Question 36

The trial-and-error method of solving problems is also known as ________.

A) the use of a heuristic device Incorrect. A heuristic device is a rule of thumb.
B) the use of algorithms
C) the mechanical solution Correct. The trial-and-error method of solving problems is also known as the mechanical solution.
D) the A.I. solution TOPIC: How People Think

Question 37

Kosslyn asked subjects if frogs have lips and a stubby tail. What did the subjects report?

A) They visualized a frog, starting with the face ("no lips") and mentally rotated the image to look for the stubby tail. Correct. The subjects reported visualizing a frog, starting with the face ("no lips") and then mentally rotating the image so it was facing away from them, and then "zooming in" to look for the stubby tail.
B) They visualized a frog, starting with the face ("no lips"), had it disappear, and then visualized a completely new frog for a second time with its backside to them.
C) They knew the answer but did not have to generate an image.
D) They felt that that task was impossible to accomplish. Incorrect. The subjects reported visualizing a frog, starting with the face ("no lips") and then visualizing the frog for a second time with its backside to them.
TOPIC: How People Think

Question 38

When people are asked to say how many windows they have in their dwelling, the amount of time people take to come up with the answer ________.

A) doesn't depend on the number of windows Incorrect. The more windows there are, the longer they take to answer.
B) depends on the number of windows Correct. The more windows there are, the longer it takes for them to answer, because people mentally walk through the house and count each one. Counting each mentally takes time just as it does in real life.
C) depends on the size of the windows
D) depends on whether the house had one or two stories, not the number of windows TOPIC: How People Think

Question 39

Sally is enrolled in a high school geometry course, which she describes as "drawing figures and figuring drawings." In a typical class, students draw geometric figures and use a formula to calculate an aspect of the figure, such as its area. Each time Sally uses a formula, she is making use of what psychologists call ________.

A) heuristics Incorrect. Sally is making use of algorithms because the geometric rules always work. Heuristics don't guarantee a solution.
B) logarithms
C) algorithms Correct. Sally is making use of algorithms because the rules will always produce a solution.
D) convergence TOPIC: How People Think

Question 40

Compared to formal concepts learned in science and math, natural concepts tend to be ________.

A) easier to learn
B) very clear and well-defined Incorrect. Natural concepts tend to be fuzzy with unclear boundaries.
C) fuzzy with unclear boundaries Correct. Natural concepts tend to be fuzzy with unclear boundaries.
D) good fits with a rigid classification system TOPIC: How People Think

Question 41

Riley has figured out how to unlock his bedroom door with a paper clip. What has he most likely overcome in his new use of the paper clip?

A) functional fixedness Correct. Functional fixedness refers to getting mentally stuck in the idea that a particular object can only be used in a singular way.
B) the representational problem
C) the representative heuristic
D) the confirmation bias Incorrect. The confirmation bias refers to the tendency to actively seek out information that supports our existing beliefs, while disregarding information that disconfirms our beliefs.
TOPIC: How People Think

Question 42

A seemingly arbitrary flash "out of the blue," through which the solution to a problem suddenly becomes apparent to you, but you do not consciously know how you "figured it out," is called ________.

A) brainstorming
B) priming
C) insight Correct. A flash of problem solving is called insight.
D) a mental set Incorrect. A flash of problem solving is called insight. Mental set refers to being stuck in a problem-solving mode.
TOPIC: How People Think

Question 43

The concept of the confirmation bias specifically assumes that we are most likely to believe ________.

A) the scientific method as true
B) information that agrees with our thinking Correct. Our tendency to search for evidence that supports our belief and to ignore evidence that might disprove it is called confirmation bias.
C) information that refutes our thinking
D) logical thinking Incorrect. One of the greatest misfortunes of the confirmation bias is that one often takes leave of logic when applying this bias.
TOPIC: How People Think

Question 44

Agatha Harkness-Smythe is determined to ban guns in the United States. This is a controversial topic and social scientists have debated whether the ownership of guns by citizens increases or decreases crime. Agatha could go to the library and look up studies on the linkage between guns and crime rates. Instead, Agatha just reads the local newspaper and only cuts out articles about robberies in which the "bad guy" used a firearm. Agatha is demonstrating ________.

A) mental set Incorrect. Mental set is defined as the tendency to perceive and approach problems in the same ways that have worked in the past, which is not relevant to what Agatha is demonstrating in this example.
B) confirmation bias Correct. Agatha is demonstrating confirmation bias by concerning herself only with information that backs up, or confirms, what she already believes.
C) stereotype threat
D) mindlessness TOPIC: How People Think

Question 45

Every time he loses his wallet, Ricardo cannot stop checking the back pocket of the pants he is wearing. He knows the wallet is not there, and yet he continues to put his hand in the pocket to check just "one more time." This tendency to try to solve problems in the same way every time is called ________.

A) a mental set Correct. The tendency to perceive and approach problems in certain ways is called mental set.
B) a means-end analysis
C) noncompensatory modeling
D) prototypical idealization Incorrect. The tendency to perceive and approach problems in certain ways is called mental set.
TOPIC: How People Think

Question 46

An advantage of algorithms over heuristics is that ________.

A) algorithms are much faster Incorrect. Generally speaking, heuristics are faster than algorithms.
B) algorithms guarantee a correct answer if one is available Correct. Algorithms guarantee that if a correct solution is available, it will be achieved. Heuristics make no such guarantee.
C) algorithms are shortcuts
D) algorithms use rules-of-thumb TOPIC: How People Think

Question 47

A loose screw on the visor causes it to drop down while Ben drives; however, he keeps forgetting to take a screwdriver out to the car to fix it. When he notices the visor drop again, he reaches into his pocket for a dime he uses to tighten the screw holding the visor. What problem-solving difficulty did Ben overcome?

A) relative comparison
B) functional fixedness Correct. Ben overcame the problem of functional fixedness.
C) poor problem representation
D) the representative heuristic Incorrect. Ben overcame the problem of functional fixedness.
TOPIC: How People Think

Question 48

What term do psychologists use to describe our tendency to search for evidence that supports our belief and to ignore evidence that might disprove it?

A) confirmation bias Correct. Our tendency to search for evidence that supports our belief and to ignore evidence that might disprove it is called confirmation bias.
B) convergent thinking
C) availability heuristic
D) representativeness heuristic Incorrect. Our tendency to search for evidence that supports our belief and to ignore evidence that might disprove it is called confirmation bias.
TOPIC: How People Think

Question 49

The tendency to perceive and approach problems in the same ways that have worked in the past is called ________.

A) mental set Correct. The tendency to perceive and approach problems in certain ways is called mental set.
B) means-end analysis
C) noncompensatory modeling
D) prototypical idealization Incorrect. The tendency to perceive and approach problems in certain ways is called mental set.
TOPIC: How People Think

Question 50

A block to problem solving that comes from thinking about objects only in terms of their most common or typical use is called ________.

A) mental set Incorrect. The tendency to perceive and approach problems in certain ways is called mental set.
B) means-end analysis
C) noncompensatory modeling
D) functional fixedness Correct. Becoming fixated on the way an object is usually used can block you from seeing creative, non-traditional uses of objects.
TOPIC: How People Think

Question 51

Andre is trying to determine the best way to get to his house after work, because his usual route has been blocked by emergency vehicles due to a car accident. He can't "see" a different route, so instead he imagines how he would drive to work from home if he had to take a different route. Andre is using the ________ heuristic.

A) working backward Correct. Working backward from the goal can make solutions available that are otherwise difficult to see.
B) representativeness
C) availability
D) subgoaling Incorrect. This heuristic involves taking a large task and breaking it into a series of smaller steps.
TOPIC: How People Think

Question 52

Frank mistakenly believes that there are more words that begin with the letter "k" than there are with the letter "k" in the third position due to the ________.

A) representativeness heuristic
B) availability heuristic Correct. The availability heuristic is a strategy in which we judge objects or events as more likely, common, or frequent if they are easier to retrieve from memory.
C) planning fallacy
D) confirmation bias Incorrect. Our tendency to search for evidence that supports our belief and to ignore evidence that might disprove it is called confirmation bias.
TOPIC: How People Think

Question 53

________ thinking works well for routine problem solving but may be of little use when a more creative solution is needed.

A) Heuristic
B) Divergent Incorrect. Divergent thinking is often the best thing to use when a more creative solution is needed.
C) Insightful
D) Convergent Correct. Convergent thinking works pretty well for routine problem solving but not when a more creative solution is needed.
TOPIC: How People Think

Question 54

An advantage of using a heuristic over an algorithm is ________.

A) the heuristic ensures a correct answer Incorrect. A heuristic is a shortcut, but it does not guarantee that the correct answer to a problem will be achieved.
B) the heuristic takes longer and is more accurate
C) the heuristic can be quicker Correct. A heuristic is a mental shortcut, so it is often faster than an algorithm.
D) the heuristic always works the same way TOPIC: How People Think

Question 55

A person starts from one point and comes up with many different ideas or possibilities based on that point. The person is engaging in ________.

A) functional thinking
B) circular thinking
C) convergent thinking Incorrect. Convergent thinking occurs when problems are seen as having only one correct answer.
D) divergent thinking Correct. The person is engaging in divergent thinking as the solutions spread out from a starting point.
TOPIC: How People Think

Question 56

Köhler demonstrated "Aha!" or insight behavior with ________.

A) birds
B) dogs Incorrect. Kohler used chimps.
C) cats
D) chimpanzees Correct. Köhler used chimpanzees.
TOPIC: How People Think

Question 57

Janesha wants to save $25,000 to buy a new car. Instead of focusing on saving the whole amount, she works to earn $1,000 at a time. This makes the process seem more manageable to her .Janesha is using the ________ heuristic.

A) availability
B) subgoaling Correct. Janesha is taking a large task and is breaking it down into a series of smaller tasks.
C) algorithm
D) mechanical Incorrect. The mechanical solution does not apply in this instance.
TOPIC: How People Think

Question 58

Seventy percent of the students in a classroom are women and 30 percent are men. One student is described as ambitious, athletic, and assertive. Why are most people likely to think this description refers to a male student?

A) They are using the availability heuristic. Incorrect. Availability refers to whether an item is easy to remember.
B) They are using the representativeness heuristic. Correct. They are using the representativeness heuristic because being male and being ambitious, athletic, and assertive are more typical and thus representative.
C) People seek only confirming information.
D) People tend to make relative comparisons. TOPIC: How People Think

Question 59

In problem solving, the term rule of thumb refers to ________.

A) heuristics Correct. The term rule of thumb refers to heuristics.
B) algorithms
C) mnemonic devices
D) cognitive shortcuts Incorrect. The term rule of thumb refers to heuristics.
TOPIC: How People Think

Question 60

The ability to solve problems by combining behaviors and ideas in new ways is called ________.

A) creativity Correct. The ability to produce solutions to problems that are unusual, inventive, novel, and appropriate is called creativity.
B) insight Incorrect. The ability to produce solutions to problems that are unusual, inventive, novel, and appropriate is called creativity. Insight is a rapid solution to a problem.
C) heuristics
D) latent learning TOPIC: How People Think

Question 61

Asking an individual to come up with a diverse and creative set of solutions to a very specific problem is encouraging that person to engage in ________ thinking.

A) functional
B) circular
C) convergent Incorrect. Convergent thinking occurs when problems are seen as having only one correct answer.
D) divergent Correct. The person is engaging in divergent thinking as the solutions spread out from a starting point.
TOPIC: How People Think

Question 62

Which is NOT a characteristic of creative people?

A) They usually have a broad range of knowledge about a lot of subjects and are good at using mental imagery.
B) They are often conventional in their personal lifestyles and take few social risks. Correct. This is not mentioned in the text as a characteristic of creative people.
C) They aren't afraid to be different, are more open to new experiences than many people, and tend to have more vivid dreams and daydreams than others do.
D) They value their independence. Incorrect. They do value their independence.
TOPIC: How People Think

Question 63

Which type of thinking is most closely related to creativity?

A) heuristic
B) divergent Correct. Divergent thinking is most closely related to creativity.
C) insightful
D) convergent Incorrect. Convergent thinking occurs when problems are seen as having only one correct answer. All lines of thinking converge on that one answer.
TOPIC: How People Think

Question 64

What type of thinking could be described as taking different directions in search of a variety of answers to a question?

A) decisive
B) convergent Incorrect. Convergent thinking occurs when problems are seen as having only one correct answer. All lines of thinking converge on that one answer.
C) heuristic
D) divergent Correct. Divergent thinking involves taking different directions in search of a variety of answers to a question.
TOPIC: How People Think

Question 65

Researchers typically stress that a key aspect of intelligence is ________.

A) the ability to speak different languages
B) the Y chromosome Incorrect. If this ridiculous answer were correct, then only men would have intelligence. Certainly some of you reading this question would know that that is not a correct statement. If you believe it is a correct statement, you are probably a man.
C) the ability to adapt to new situations Correct. Our ability to adapt to changes in our environments is a crucial aspect of intelligence.
D) only accurate for males TOPIC: Intelligence

Question 66

Which of these is one of Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences?

A) poetic
B) digital
C) creative Incorrect. Creative intelligence is not one of Gardner's intelligences.
D) naturalistic Correct. Naturalistic intelligence is one of Gardner's intelligences.
TOPIC: Intelligence

Question 67

A person who comes up with as many different uses of a brick as possible, such as using them for doorstops, is a ________ thinker.

A) disordered
B) divergent Correct. Divergent thinking occurs when you come at a problem from a number of different angles. It often results in several answers to a single question.
C) associative
D) convergent Incorrect. Convergent thinking occurs when you narrow from the many options down to a single answer to a question.
TOPIC: How People Think

Question 68

Charles Spearman believed that intelligence is composed of two specific abilities-________.

A) verbal and mathematical abilities Incorrect. Charles Spearman believed that intelligence is composed of general intelligence and specific abilities.
B) crystallized and visual-motor abilities
C) general intelligence and specific intelligence Correct. Charles Spearman believed that intelligence is composed of general intelligence and specific intelligence.
D) analytical-creative intelligence and practical intelligence TOPIC: Intelligence

Question 69

The divergent thinking technique of starting with a central idea and drawing a "map" with lines from the center to other related ideas and then forming a mental image of the concepts and their connections is known as ________.

A) brainstorming Incorrect. Brainstorming is a technique that involves generating as many ideas as possible in a short period of time without being critical of any of them.
B) keeping a journal
C) free writing
D) mind or subject mapping Correct. The technique of starting with a central idea and drawing a "map" with lines from the center to other related ideas and then forming a mental image of the concepts and their connections is known as mind or subject mapping.
TOPIC: How People Think

Question 70

Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences divides intelligence into ________ independent abilities.

A) three Incorrect. Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences divides intelligence into nine independent abilities.
B) five
C) seven
D) nine Correct. Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences divides intelligence into nine independent abilities.
TOPIC: Intelligence

Question 71

Gardner and his associates are known for proposing ________.

A) the generalized theory of intelligence
B) the triarchic theory of intelligence Incorrect. Sternberg proposed the triarchic theory of intelligence.
C) the theory of multiple intelligences Correct. Gardner and his associates are known for proposing the theory of multiple intelligences.
D) the theory of emotional intelligence TOPIC: Intelligence

Question 72

A group of businesspeople meet in order to solve the problem of decreased sales of their company's products. One of them suggests that they generate as many ideas as they can in a short period of time without being critical of any of them. This technique of stimulating divergent thinking is called ________.

A) brainstorming Correct. The technique of generating as many ideas as possible in a short period of time without being critical of any of them is called brainstorming.
B) keeping a journal
C) free writing Incorrect. Free writing is a literary technique to get someone started in writing an essay.
D) mind or subject mapping TOPIC: How People Think

Question 73

What three types of intelligence constitute Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence?

A) global, intuitive, and special
B) general, global, and specific
C) analytical, creative, and practical Correct. Analytical, creative, and practical are Sternberg's three types of intelligence.
D) mathematical, reasoning, and verbal Incorrect. Analytical, creative, and practical are Sternberg's three types of intelligence.
TOPIC: Intelligence

Question 74

The divergent thinking technique of writing down everything that comes to mind about a topic without revising or proofreading until all of the information is recorded, and then organizing it later, is known as ________.

A) brainstorming Incorrect. Brainstorming is a technique that involves generating as many ideas as possible in a short period of time without being critical of any of them.
B) keeping a journal
C) freewriting Correct. The technique of writing down everything that comes to mind about a topic without revising or proofreading until all of the information is recorded, and then organizing it later, is known as freewriting.
D) mind or subject mapping TOPIC: How People Think

Question 75

A theory of intelligence with nine components was postulated by ________.

A) Gardner Correct. A theory of intelligence with nine components was postulated by Gardner.
B) Spearman
C) Sternberg Incorrect. Sternberg postulated a three-part theory of intelligence.
D) Terman TOPIC: Intelligence

Question 76

Criticisms of Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences include ________.

A) the fact that it relies too heavily on g
B) there are no concerns Incorrect. You would be hard-pressed to find a single theory in all of psychology that presents no concerns of any kind.
C) it appears to describe only those with brain damage
D) the idea that these "abilities" are not necessarily the same thing as what is meant by intelligence. Correct. Some suggest that Gardner's theory does not refer to concepts that should truly be considered intelligences.
TOPIC: Intelligence

Question 77

Which of the following questions would be more likely to produce divergent thinking?

A) "What is a stapler?"
B) "How do you spell stapler?"
C) "How many uses can you think of for a stapler?" Correct. "How many uses can you think of for a stapler?" will produce more divergent thinking because there are many possible answers.
D) "What does a stapler look like?" Incorrect. "How many uses can you think of for a stapler?" will produce more divergent thinking.
TOPIC: How People Think

Question 78

The ability to learn from one's experiences, acquire knowledge, and use resources effectively when faced with challenges or problems is the psychologist's working definition of ________.

A) divergent problem solving
B) creative thinking Incorrect. Creative thinking is a term that encompasses many types of problem solving.
C) heuristic usage
D) intelligence Correct. The ability to learn from one's experiences, acquire knowledge, and use resources effectively in adapting to new situations or solving problems
TOPIC: Intelligence

Question 79

Sternberg has found that ________ intelligence is a good predictor of success in life but has a low relationship to ________ intelligence.

A) practical; analytical Correct. Sternberg has found that practical intelligence is a good predictor of success in life, but has a low relationship to analytical intelligence.
B) practical; creative
C) analytical; practical Incorrect. Sternberg has found that practical intelligence is a good predictor of success in life, but has a low relationship to analytical intelligence.
D) academic; creative TOPIC: Intelligence

Question 80

Which intelligence theorist suggested that intelligence is made up of a g factor (general intelligence), and also acknowledged the existence of task-specific abilities, labeled s-factor (specific intelligence)?

A) Gardner
B) Spearman Correct. Charles Spearman was the theorist in question.
C) Thurstone Incorrect. Thurstone was not responsible for this specific theory.
D) Sternberg TOPIC: Intelligence