Deck 4: Consciousness

Question 1

Russell needs more of the drug he has been using to get the normal high he got when he first started. Russell is experiencing ________.

A) drug tolerance
B) drug detoxification
C) withdrawal
D) overdraw

Answer 1

A

Question 2

This early researcher did a study that seemed to suggest that people deprived of REM sleep would become paranoid, seemingly mentally ill, from lack of this one stage of sleep.

A) Freud
B) Dement
C) Jung
D) James

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Each of the following is a sleep disorder EXCEPT ________.

A) narcolepsy
B) REM rebound
C) insomnia
D) night terrors

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Morphine and heroin duplicate the action of ________.

A) endorphins
B) alcohol
C) cigarettes
D) LSD

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true concerning cocaine use in the United States?

A) During the Civil War, many Confederate soldiers bought cocaine from Union soldiers.
B) At one time, cocaine was an ingredient in Coca-Cola.
C) Cocaine was used by early Greek philosophers.
D) One of the powerful addictive ingredients in cocaine is heroin.

Question 6

Which of the following neurotransmitters are associated with alcohol?

A) GABA
B) acetylcholine
C) endorphins
D) adrenalin

Question 7

Which of the following statements accurately reflects the relationship of the total amount of sleep that an individual receives as a function of age?

A) We require more sleep as we age.
B) As we age, we tend to get less sleep.
C) We require much sleep during infancy and early childhood, less sleep in adolescence and early adulthood, and then more sleep in middle and older age.
D) The amount of sleep we require solely depends on individual difference variables.

Question 8

The key to hypnotic induction seems to be related to ________.

A) the gender of the person doing the hypnotizing
B) education
C) state of suggestibility
D) time of day

Question 9

Mental activities that differ noticeably from normal waking consciousness are known as ________.

A) hyperconsciousness
B) unconscious states
C) relaxed wakefulness
D) altered states of consciousness

Question 10

Upon just waking up, you report a vivid visual event. What term do psychologists use for such phenomena?

A) hypnotic illusion
B) positive hallucination
C) hypnagogic hallucination
D) hypnopompic image
Chapter 4 - Quick Quiz 2

Question 11

What term do psychologists use to designate our personal awareness of feelings, sensations, and thoughts?

A) thinking
B) cognition
C) conscience
D) consciousness

Question 12

Melatonin is a ________.

A) hormone
B) neurotransmitter
C) depressant
D) stimulant

Question 13

Heroin addiction has been treated with ________.

A) morphine
B) LSD
C) methadone
D) amphetamines

Question 14

Sleep spindles appear during ________ sleep.

A) stage 1 (N1)
B) REM
C) stage 2 (N2)
D) stage 3 (N3)

Question 15

Which of the following individuals is most likely to sleepwalk?

A) a 10-year-old child
B) a 24-year-old adult
C) a 44-year-old adult
D) a 74-year-old adult

Question 16

One major danger of barbiturates is ________.

A) overstimulation
B) hyperactivity
C) drug interaction
D) sleepwalking

Question 17

A sleep disorder that may require the use of a machine to force air gently into the nasal passages is called ________.

A) sleep apnea
B) insomnia
C) narcolepsy
D) cataplexy

Question 18

Your friend has experienced excessive daytime sleepiness. He is laughing with you and suddenly falls to the ground. Your friend is probably suffering from ________.

A) narcolepsy
B) parasomnia
C) REM rebound
D) sleep apnea

Question 19

Which of the following statements is CORRECT concerning the concept of sex and dreams?

A) Men and women typically dream about similar things.
B) Men dream more each night than women.
C) Research reports that men and women differ in the things they dream about.
D) Women tend to dream twice as much as men.

Question 20

Which of the following pairs belong together?

A) LSD; tetrahydrocannabinol
B) marijuana; psilocybin
C) MDMA; acetylcholine
D) marijuana; tetrahydrocannabinol
Chapter 4 - Quick Quiz 1

Question 21

What aspect of circadian rhythms might explain why we tend to feel so tired at night?

A) Body temperature bottoms out on Monday mornings.
B) The three biorhythm patterns converge at low points on Mondays.
C) Heart rates typically increase at night. Incorrect. There is no evidence that heart rates increase at night. Increased heart rates might even make you less sleepy.
D) Part of the brain is sensitive to light changes, which then affects our sleepiness. Correct. The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is light-sensitive and causes sleepiness when there is less light.
TOPIC: Sleep

Question 22

Our sleep-wake cycle follows a(n) ________rhythm.

A) infradian Incorrect. Infradian means less than a day.
B) diurnal
C) circadian Correct. From this cycle comes the term "about a day."
D) ultradian TOPIC: Sleep

Question 23

What term do psychologists use to designate our personal awareness of feelings, sensations, and thoughts?

A) thinking
B) cognition
C) conscience Incorrect. Conscience is related to morality, not awareness.
D) consciousness Correct. Consciousness is defined as personal awareness of feelings, sensations, and thoughts.
TOPIC: What Is Consciousness?

Question 24

SCN stands for ________.

A) stop control now
B) suprachiasmatic nucleus Correct. The suprachiasmatic nucleus is represented by the initials SCN.
C) serotonin-controlled nucleus Incorrect. SCN stands for suprachiasmatic nucleus.
D) sleep control nucleus TOPIC: Sleep

Question 25

A biological cycle, or rhythm, that is approximately 24 hours long is called a(n) ________ cycle.

A) infradian Incorrect. Infradian means less than a day.
B) circadian Correct. The sleep-wake cycle is an example of this. It takes about 24 hours.
C) diurnal
D) ultradian TOPIC: Sleep

Question 26

Melatonin is a ________.

A) hormone Correct. Melatonin is a hormone.
B) neurotransmitter Incorrect. Melatonin is a hormone that facilitates sleep.
C) depressant
D) stimulant TOPIC: Sleep

Question 27

The state in which our thoughts, feelings, and sensations are clear, and we feel alert is called ________.

A) altered state of consciousness
B) waking consciousness Correct. The key word is waking.
C) self-awareness Incorrect. Self-awareness is only part of the definition of consciousness.
D) intelligence TOPIC: What Is Consciousness?

Question 28

Where is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) located?

A) thalamus
B) cerebellum Incorrect. The SCN is not located in this part of the brain.
C) basal ganglia
D) hypothalamus Correct. The SCN is located in the hypothalamus.
TOPIC: Sleep

Question 29

What do we call a state of consciousness that can result from the use of alcohol, drugs, or hypnosis?

A) daydreaming
B) meditative absorption
C) stream of consciousness Incorrect. In stream of consciousness there is no shift or alteration generally caused by drugs in the pattern of consciousness.
D) altered state of consciousness Correct. The use of drugs or hypnosis "alters" our consciousness.
TOPIC: What Is Consciousness?

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT an altered state of consciousness?

A) concentration Correct. This is a normal state of consciousness, not an altered one.
B) meditation Incorrect. This is an altered state because there is a shift in the pattern of consciousness.
C) daydreaming
D) intoxication TOPIC: What Is Consciousness?

Question 31

Our awareness of various external stimuli and internal mental processes, such as making decisions, daydreaming, reflecting, and concentrating, is called ________.

A) consciousness Correct. Consciousness is defined as awareness.
B) creativity
C) intelligence
D) self-awareness Incorrect. This is only part of the definition of consciousness.
TOPIC: What Is Consciousness?

Question 32

Mental activities that differ noticeably from normal waking consciousness are known as ________.

A) hyperconsciousness
B) unconscious states Incorrect. Remember that a person's unconsciousness state is not noticeable by the person.
C) relaxed wakefulness
D) altered states of consciousness Correct. Altered states differ noticeably from normal waking consciousness.
TOPIC: What Is Consciousness?

Question 33

The sleep-wake cycle is ultimately controlled by the part of the brain called the ________.

A) optic nerve
B) frontal lobe Incorrect. The frontal lobe is a higher part of the brain and does not control the sleep-wake cycle.
C) hypothalamus Correct. This is the part of the brain that controls the sleep-wake cycle.
D) median forebrain bundle TOPIC: Sleep

Question 34

________, a hormone involved in the regulation of circadian rhythms, is secreted by the pineal gland.

A) Serotonin Incorrect. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter, not a hormone.
B) Testosterone
C) Estrogen
D) Melatonin Correct. Melatonin, a hormone involved in the regulation of circadian rhythms, is secreted by the pineal gland.
TOPIC: Sleep

Question 35

Circadian rhythms are controlled by the ________.

A) pineal gland Incorrect. Although the pineal gland is involved in sleep, it does not control the circadian rhythm.
B) suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) Correct. The SCN controls circadian rhythms.
C) thalamus
D) hippocampus TOPIC: Sleep

Question 36

The hypothalamus controls the ________.

A) hypnotic suggestibility ratio
B) sleep-wake cycle Correct. The hypothalamus is involved in the sleep-wake cycle.
C) frequency of nightmares Incorrect. The hypothalamus is not involved in dreaming.
D) growth hormones that occur during sleep TOPIC: Sleep

Question 37

Consciousness is the ________.

A) state of arousal involving facial and bodily changes
B) awareness of ourselves and the environment Correct. Consciousness is defined as awareness.
C) memory of personally experienced events Incorrect. Consciousness is more than just memory.
D) intentional recollection of an item of information TOPIC: What Is Consciousness?

Question 38

What used to be called "the gentle tyrant"?

A) drugs Incorrect. Sleep was referred to as "the gentle tyrant."
B) dreams
C) sleep Correct. Sleep was referred to as "the gentle tyrant."
D) meditation TOPIC: Sleep

Question 39

A circadian cycle is about ________ hours long.

A) 1.5
B) 12 Incorrect. This is only one-half of the cycle.
C) 6
D) 24 Correct. From this 24-hour cycle comes the term "about a day."
TOPIC: Sleep

Question 40

Daydreaming, meditation, intoxication, sleep, and hypnosis are all types of ________.

A) self-awareness Incorrect. This is awareness in a nonaltered state.
B) self-absorption
C) waking consciousness
D) altered states of consciousness Correct. The above are altered states of consciousness.
TOPIC: What Is Consciousness?

Question 41

Which of the following can be an emotional symptom of sleep deprivation?

A) hyperactivity
B) cheerfulness Incorrect. Rarely would we see cheerfulness as a result of sleep deprivation.
C) depression Correct. Depression is a frequently reported emotional symptom of sleep deprivation.
D) nausea TOPIC: Sleep

Question 42

REM sleep refers to ________.

A) dreamless sleep Incorrect. People in REM sleep have dreams.
B) sleep induced by sleeping pills
C) sleep periods in which sleepwalking is likely
D) sleep periods in which a person's eyes move rapidly Correct. Hence, the term rapid eye movement.
TOPIC: Sleep

Question 43

If a human or a prey animal is out and about at night, they are more at risk of being eaten. If the prey are in a safe place sleeping and conserving energy, they are more likely to remain unharmed. This reasoning is consistent with the ________ of sleeping.

A) restorative Incorrect. This theory focuses on restoration of energy and health, not safety and survival.
B) adaptive theory Correct. Individual safety/survival are key elements of the adaptive theory.
C) psychoanalytic
D) dream TOPIC: Sleep

Question 44

All of the following result from sleep deprivation EXCEPT ________.

A) droopy eyelids
B) irritability Incorrect. This is a definite symptom of sleep deprivation.
C) hyperalertness Correct. This is not listed as a symptom of sleep deprivation.
D) inattentiveness TOPIC: Sleep

Question 45

Which statement is correct concerning how much sleep people need?

A) Most older people need at least 10 hours.
B) Men need more sleep than women.
C) Most young adults need between 7 and 9 hours of sleep. Correct. Research supports the idea that humans need about 7 to 8 hours of sleep.
D) Women need more sleep than men. Incorrect. There is no research supporting the idea that women need more sleep than men.
TOPIC: Sleep

Question 46

Melatonin is to ________ as an aspirin is to ________.

A) nausea; a nightmare
B) nightmare; blood clots
C) insomnia; a headache Correct. The analogy is that melatonin reduces insomnia like aspirin reduces headache pain.
D) sleep apnea; a blood thinner Incorrect. Melatonin has no effect on sleep apnea.
TOPIC: Sleep

Question 47

Which device would a sleep researcher use to monitor a sleeping person's brain waves?

A) electromyograph (EMG)
B) electrocardiograph (EKG) Incorrect. The EKG is for monitoring the heart (electrocardiograph).
C) electro-oculograph (EOG)
D) electroencephalograph (EEG) Correct. Electro Encephalo Graph.
TOPIC: Sleep

Question 48

If the EEG record reveals evidence of very small and very fast waves, you are likely to conclude that the sleeping person is ________.

A) really not sleeping and is awake Correct. The faster the waves, the more likely it is that a person is awake.
B) in Stage 2 Incorrect. There are faster waves than Stage 2.
C) in Stage 3
D) in Stage 4 TOPIC: Sleep

Question 49

If the EEG record reveals evidence of sleep spindles, you are likely to conclude that the sleeping person is in which stage of sleep?

A) REM
B) Stage 1 (N1) Incorrect. Spindles occur in Stage 2.
C) Stage 2 (N2) Correct. Spindles occur in Stage 2.
D) Stage 3 (N3) TOPIC: Sleep

Question 50

What term do sleep researchers use to designate stages 1-3 of sleep?

A) REM sleep Incorrect. This sleep occurs after stages 1 through 3 and then a repetition of Stage 3 and Stage 2.
B) non-REM sleep Correct. This indicates that it is non-REM sleep.
C) REMN sleep
D) paradoxical sleep TOPIC: Sleep

Question 51

According to this theory, sleep is necessary for the growth and repair of the body.

A) restorative theory Correct. Restorative theory says sleep is necessary for physical health.
B) adaptive theory Incorrect. Adaptive theory says sleep keeps animals safe from predators.
C) psychoanalytic theory
D) dream theory TOPIC: Sleep

Question 52

Sleep spindles appear during ________ sleep.

A) Stage 1 (N1) Incorrect. Spindles occur during Stage 2.
B) REM
C) Stage 2 (N2) Correct. Spindles occur during Stage 2.
D) Stage 3 (N3) TOPIC: Sleep

Question 53

You are watching sleep researchers monitor the sleep of a normal adult. The participant is hooked up to an EEG. What brain waves would you observe as the person becomes drowsy and then enters the first stage of sleep?

A) alpha eventually replaced by delta Incorrect. Delta waves only occur in deep sleep.
B) delta eventually replaced by theta
C) beta eventually replaced by alpha Correct. The pattern sequence goes this way.
D) delta eventually replaced by beta TOPIC: Sleep

Question 54

According to this theory, sleep is a product of evolution.

A) restorative theory Incorrect. This theory focuses on restoration of energy and health, not evolution.
B) adaptive theory Correct. Adaptation is one of the key elements of evolutionary theory.
C) psychoanalytic theory
D) dream theory TOPIC: Sleep

Question 55

Upon just waking up, you report a vivid visual event. What term do psychologists use for such phenomena?

A) hypnotic illusion Incorrect. This is related to hypnosis.
B) positive hallucination
C) hypnogogic images or hallucinations Correct. Can occur just as a person is entering N1 (NREM Stage 1) sleep.
D) hypnopompic image TOPIC: Sleep

Question 56

The restorative theory views sleep as ________.

A) having evolutionary advantages Incorrect. This would be the main premise of the evolutionary theory, not the restorative theory.
B) helping the body repair the wear and tear of the day's events Correct. This concept suggests that, while we sleep, our bodies send out "repair crews" to repair the damage we do while we're awake.
C) a means to cope with stress
D) important only to the extent that we don't enter a state of sleep deprivation TOPIC: Sleep

Question 57

Which of the following statements accurately reflects the relationship of the total amount of sleep that an individual receives as a function of age?

A) We require more sleep as we age. Incorrect. While we may get less sleep as we age, there is no indication that we need more sleep than at younger years.
B) As we age, we tend to get less sleep. Correct. As we get older, the average amount of sleep we get per night drops to about 6 hours.
C) We require much sleep during infancy and early childhood, less sleep in adolescence and early adulthood, and then more sleep in middle and older age.
D) The amount of sleep we require solely depends on individual difference variables. TOPIC: Sleep

Question 58

Sid is taking part in research on the effects of sleep deprivation; he has been without sleep for 75 hours. Right now researchers have asked him to sit in front of a computer screen and hit a button each time he sees the letter S on the screen. A few days ago, Sid was a whiz at this task; however, he is doing very poorly today. How are sleep researchers likely to explain Sid's poor performance?

A) Due to the sleep deprivation, Sid does not understand the task. Incorrect. Sleep deprivation will not completely cause a lack of understanding.
B) Microsleeps are occurring due to the sleep deprivation and he is asleep for brief periods of time. Correct. Microsleeps occur, causing a block-out during that time.
C) He is determined to ruin the research because of the suffering he is enduring at the hands of the researchers.
D) He is probably dreaming that he is somewhere else and has no interest in responding to the "here and now." TOPIC: Sleep

Question 59

Sleep may decrease activity of neurons associated with ________, suggesting an important cognitive benefit of sleep.

A) intelligence
B) language
C) forgetting Correct. A memory process called consolidation may occur while we sleep.
D) problem solving Incorrect. In fact, some dream processes may actually aid in problem solving, but that is not due to specific neural activity.
TOPIC: Sleep

Question 60

If you are awakened from sleep and you feel as though you had not even been asleep, then you were most likely in which stage of sleep?

A) Stage 1 (N1) Correct. Stage 1 sleep is our lightest stage, where we are very close to being awake.
B) Stage 2 (N2)
C) Stage 3 (N3)
D) slow wave sleep Incorrect. Slow wave sleep, or Stage 3 or 4, is when we are very difficult to wake up.
TOPIC: Sleep

Question 61

Which of the following individuals is most likely to sleepwalk?

A) a 10-year-old child Correct. Younger children are more likely to sleepwalk.
B) a 24-year-old adult Incorrect. This is more common in childhood.
C) a 44-year-old adult
D) a 74-year-old adult TOPIC: Sleep

Question 62

Sleep research supports three "helpful hints" to avoid insomnia. Which of the following statements is NOT a helpful hint?

A) Don't try too hard to get to sleep.
B) Don't take sleeping pills or drink alcohol to help you fall asleep.
C) Try to nap as much as possible. Correct. This is not one of the helpful hints.
D) It is better to go to bed at about the same time every night. Incorrect. This actually IS one of the helpful hints.
TOPIC: Sleep

Question 63

REM behavior disorder most commonly occurs ________.

A) in men over 60 Correct. REM behavior disorder usually occurs in men over 60.
B) in women under 60
C) in children Incorrect. REM behavior disorder usually occurs in men over 60.
D) among the poor TOPIC: Sleep

Question 64

This early researcher did a study that seemed to suggest that people deprived of REM sleep would become paranoid, seemingly mentally ill, from lack of this one stage of sleep.

A) Freud Incorrect. Freud was more interested in dreams and what they mean.
B) Dement Correct. Dement did this study.
C) Jung
D) James TOPIC: Sleep

Question 65

The stage of sleep in which delta waves begin to appear is ________ sleep.

A) Stage 1 (N1)
B) Stage 2 (N2)
C) Stage 3 (N3) Correct. Delta waves begin to appear in Stage 3.
D) REM Incorrect. Delta waves begin to occur in Stage 3.
TOPIC: Sleep

Question 66

Stage 3 sleep is marked by ________ waves.

A) alpha
B) beta
C) theta Incorrect. Delta waves occur in Stage 3 and indicate the deepest sleep.
D) delta Correct. Delta waves occur in Stage 3 and indicate the deepest sleep.
TOPIC: Sleep

Question 67

Each of the following is a sleep disorder EXCEPT ________.

A) narcolepsy Incorrect. This is a sleep disorder in which one falls asleep without warning.
B) REM rebound Correct. This is related to deprivation of REM sleep.
C) insomnia
D) night terrors TOPIC: Sleep

Question 68

To treat your sleep problem, you are told that you avoid doing anything in your bed but sleeping, you should set your alarm clock to wake up at the same time each day, and you should get out of bed if you cannot sleep. What sleep disorder have you been experiencing?

A) enuresis
B) narcolepsy Incorrect. Narcolepsy occurs when you fall asleep without warning.
C) insomnia Correct. Advice such as not napping, setting the alarm clock to wake up at the same time each day, and getting out of bed if not able to sleep, is given to people with insomnia.
D) REM sleep behavior disorder TOPIC: Sleep

Question 69

Which of the following is CORRECT concerning REM deprivation?

A) REM deprivation results in long-term mental illness. Incorrect. There is no scientific evidence suggesting REM deprivation causes mental illness.
B) REM deprivation only occurs among the elderly.
C) REM deprivation leads to increased amounts of REM sleep on subsequent nights of sleep. Correct. Research found REM-deprived subjects increasing REM sleep when they slept again.
D) REM deprivation can lead to visual impairments. TOPIC: Sleep

Question 70

A sleep disorder characterized by difficulty in falling asleep or remaining asleep throughout the night is ________.

A) zombulism
B) cataplexy
C) narcolepsy Incorrect. This occurs when you fall asleep without warning.
D) insomnia Correct. Insomnia is characterized by difficulty in falling asleep or remaining asleep.
TOPIC: Sleep

Question 71

Sleep research supports three of the following helpful hints. Which statement is NOT accurate?

A) Don't try too hard to get to sleep. Incorrect. This actually IS one of the helpful hints.
B) Don't do anything in your bed but sleep.
C) Sleeping pills help cure insomnia. Correct. This is not one of the helpful hints.
D) It is better to go to bed at about the same time every night. TOPIC: Sleep

Question 72

John will likely experience REM rebound tonight if he:

A) takes a sleeping pill before bed tonight.
B) drinks too much caffeine prior to sleeping.
C) did not sleep much last night. Correct. REM rebound refers to the tendency to "recapture" lost REM sleep before other stages of sleep when we are sleep-deprived.
D) slept more than 8 hours last night. Incorrect. Getting more than eight hours of sleep will not induce REM rebound.
TOPIC: Sleep

Question 73

People in Stage 3 (N3) sleep ________.

A) dream all the time
B) are hard to wake up Correct. This sleep is very deep and waking takes time.
C) are easy to wake up Incorrect. This sleep is very deep and waking takes time.
D) hallucinate TOPIC: Sleep

Question 74

The deepest stage of sleep is ________ sleep.

A) Stage 1 (N1)
B) Stage 2 (N2)
C) Stage 3 (N3) Correct. Stage 3 is the deepest sleep we get.
D) REM Incorrect. Stage 3 is the deepest sleep we get.
TOPIC: Sleep

Question 75

Which of the following stages of sleep is marked by the production of very slow delta waves?

A) REM
B) Stage 1 (N1)
C) Stage 2 (N2) Incorrect. Stage 4 has the slowest waves.
D) Stage 4 (N3) Correct. Delta waves occur in Stage 3 and they are the slowest waves.
TOPIC: Sleep

Question 76

If you have been waking up too early for several weeks, you are probably suffering from ________.

A) insomnia Correct. Waking up too early is one form of insomnia.
B) parasomnia Incorrect. This is a category, not a legitimate disorder.
C) hypersomnia
D) reverse insomnia TOPIC: Sleep

Question 77

REM behavior disorder results from ________.

A) too much sleep
B) not enough sleep Incorrect. REM behavior disorder results from the brain mechanisms blocking signals to the muscles.
C) failure of the brain mechanisms to block brain signals to the muscles Correct. REM behavior disorder results from the failure of the brain mechanisms to block signals to the muscles.
D) deterioration of the medial hypothalamus TOPIC: Sleep

Question 78

Which of the following statements is correct?

A) Sleepwalking has never been used successfully as a murder defense. Incorrect. According to case records, at least 20 cases of murder by sleepwalking have been recorded.
B) There have been cases in which sleepwalking was a successful murder defense. Correct. According to case records, at least three cases of murder by sleepwalking were successfully defended.
C) Sleepwalking in prisons is a common occurrence.
D) A famous attorney reported that he tried a murder case while he was sleepwalking. TOPIC: Sleep

Question 79

Short, rhythmic bursts of brainwave activity that appear during Stage 2 sleep are called ________.

A) delta waves
B) sleep spindles Correct. Sleep spindles are short, rhythmic bursts of brainwave activity.
C) paradoxical sleep waves
D) beta waves Incorrect. These waves occur when you are awake and do not have spindles.
TOPIC: Sleep

Question 80

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) Night terrors are a rare disorder. Correct. Night terrors are a rare disorder.
B) Nightmares, but not night terrors, suggest some psychological problems.
C) Night terrors, but not nightmares, suggest some psychological problems.
D) Both nightmares and night terrors suggest psychological problems. Incorrect. Neither of these sleep problems is associated with other problems.
TOPIC: Sleep