Deck 9: Race and Ethnic Relations

Question 1

Within Canada,there is a single and clear-cut pattern of ethnic and racial economic disadvantage.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Word-of-mouth recruiting in organizations and inflated educational requirements for nontechnical jobs are forms of systemic discrimination,because they unintentionally put minority groups at a disadvantage in the distribution of scarce resources such as jobs.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Following the terrorist attacks in the United States on September 11,2001,new immigration policy measures have been introduced in Canada.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Provincial governments are allowed to fast-track immigration applicants to address labour shortages within their province.

Question 5

According to Marxists,race is an ideology used to justify exploitation of minorities and immigrants.

Question 6

During the 1992 Charlottetown Accord debates,in which Aboriginal self-government was proposed,many Aboriginal women advocated voting against the Accord.

Question 7

Genetic differences between races are prescribed,statistically significant,and have behavioural consequences.

Question 8

Statistical evidence shows that Aboriginal peoples are the most socially and economically disadvantaged groups in Canada.

Question 9

Subjective definitions of ethnicity assume that ethnic groups exist because of people's social attachments.

Question 10

According to the text,the current trend toward renaming bands of Aboriginal peoples received its impetus from the federal government's attempt to instill tribal pride and thus reduce dependence on government coffers.

Question 11

What was the main goal of the federal government's early policy on Aboriginal people?

A) to segregate Aboriginal peoples into reserves to be among themselves
B) to bring Christianity to all Aboriginal people as part of assimilation
C) to assimilate Aboriginal people into mainstream Canadian society
D) to eliminate poverty by providing training designed to help Aboriginal people

Question 12

The internal colonial model for explaining inequalities between Aboriginal people and others in Canada is a variant of social constructionist theory.

Question 13

A group of young people are discussing prejudice and discrimination,and one young woman states that she is not prejudiced,but just feels naturally more comfortable with people "...of [her] own kind." Which theory of ethnic relations would incorporate such perceptions in its formulation?

A) socialization theories
B) normative theories
C) power-conflict theories
D) primordialist theories

Question 14

Throughout the 1940s and 1950s,one of the biggest changes in Quebec was the increasing number of francophones in the upper echelons of the corporate world.

Question 15

Before 1962,Canadian immigration policy was based on the assumption that European immigrants were racially and culturally superior to all other potential immigrants.

Question 16

In class,Haruto was asked to give an example of systemic discrimination.Which of the following would he propose?

A) the government specifically naming Aboriginal peoples in Canada's Charter of Rights and Freedoms
B) the Parliament of Canada apologizing to Aboriginal peoples for residential school abuses
C) Japanese Canadians receiving cash awards for wrongs suffered during World War II
D) height and weight requirements for screening applicants for police work that are standardized on white male candidates

Question 17

Over the last 30 years,Canada's "original" settlers have fought to rebrand themselves,renaming their communities,and renaming the overarching label of Indian to Native,Aboriginal,and First Nations.What,essentially,is this process about?

A) prejudice
B) power
C) racism
D) discrimination

Question 18

With respect to race and ethnicity,what are socialization theories about?

A) They are about individually ascribed mental and physical advantages and disadvantages.
B) They are about racial prejudices and attitudes caused by inbred,biological dispositions.
C) They are about social problems caused by the nature of economic inequality in society.
D) They are about racial prejudices and attitudes learned through social interactions.

Question 19

According to a popular social psychological explanation,anti-Semitism is the result of scapegoating when individuals are frustrated in their efforts to attain a desired goal.

Question 20

Because of political pressure and survey wording,"Canadians" are now the largest ethnic group in Canada.

Question 21

In the late 1950s and early 1960s a young French Canadian man defied his parent's wish that he attend church,found a job in the provincial civil service,moved in with his girlfriend and never got married,and talked hopefully with like-minded people about Quebec becoming a nation unto itself someday.What term was later given to this young man's era in Quebec's history?

A) Quebec Emancipation
B) secularization
C) Quiet Revolution
D) rapprochement

Question 22

Historically,there have been occasions where social or economic tensions have resulted in members of the dominant group relieving their tensions by taking them out on a minority group.Which theory was used to explain this?

A) frustration-aggression
B) tension-aggression
C) release-valve
D) pressure-cooker

Question 23

Delun Qian has resided in Canada for the past four years,while attending university to earn his medical degree.Rather than return to China,he has applied to Citizenship and Immigration Canada for permanent residency status.What category would he most likely fall into?

A) self-employed immigrants
B) Canadian experience class
C) provincial nominee program
D) skilled workers group

Question 24

Which of the following is an example of institutional racism?

A) increasing opportunities for certain ethnic and racial groups
B) institutional practices that arose from democratic ideas
C) Canadian Status Indians being denied the right to vote until 1960
D) the basing of institutional practices on explicitly inclusive ideals

Question 25

What are ethnic and racial labels about?

A) power
B) politics
C) wealth
D) correctness

Question 26

"We support immigration,but we are also concerned about maintaining the Canadian image." What type of racism is this statement an example of?

A) blatant
B) new
C) institutional
D) authentic

Question 27

In the 1950s,how were Italian immigrant men seen by immigration bureaucrats?

A) They were unwilling to become members of trade unions,and least likely to be activists.
B) They were better suited to service occupations: waiting on tables,delivery men,etc.
C) They were unwilling to earn less money than Caucasian Canadian men.
D) They were suitable for irregular employment,low wages,and physical labour.

Question 28

Which conclusion was presented in the text in regards to the concept of race?

A) Race is a hollow biological concept.
B) Race is a category that will erode over time.
C) Race is a sound scientific concept.
D) Race separates differing hereditary groups.

Question 29

Brazilians of Japanese descent who emigrate back to Japan have been told they are "too Brazilian" to fit into the conservative Japanese culture.As a result,they become "more Brazilian" by organizing samba parades,wearing brightly coloured clothing,and speaking Portuguese in public.What type of ethnic construction does this demonstrate?

A) objective
B) subjective
C) translational
D) racial

Question 30

A man speaking about his hiring practices explains that he doesn't hire people from visible minorities because his clients prefer working with Caucasians.He goes on to say: "I'm not racist.I'm a business man meeting my client's needs." Which statement best explains why this is an example of new racism?

A) The speaker believes his view is not racist.
B) The speaker believes his view is practical.
C) The speaker believes his view is following provincial law.
D) The speaker believes his view is in the best interest of his business.

Question 31

Gaston,who was born and raised in Quebec,was asked by his friend Amy to define what it meant to be Québécois.Gaston then proceeded to explain the history and culture of the province to Amy.What type of nationalist is Gaston?

A) nonfrancophone
B) ethnic
C) civic
D) sovereign

Question 32

Which statement is a critique of the primordialist/sociobiologist thesis?

A) Primordialist theory offers no explanation for conflict at all.
B) Primordialist theory accounts for prejudice and discrimination against minorities.
C) Shared ethnicity or race does not prevent in-group conflict.
D) Primordialist theory is too closely linked to split labour market theory.

Question 33

What is the central thesis of the internal colonial model of Aboriginal development?

A) Aboriginal people failed to adequately adapt to changing social conditions.
B) Aboriginal lands were needed to allow settlement of people from Europe.
C) Aboriginal peoples were disempowered by paternalistic government policies.
D) Aboriginal lands were confiscated because of conflicts between colonies.

Question 34

Which statement best reflects Barker's concept of "new racism"?

A) Racial differences are cultural differences that correspond to differences in colour.
B) It broadly defines races as different and says that bringing them together creates problems.
C) New racism is simply old racism,based upon racial categorizations of people.
D) Racial differences that are defined as real are real in their consequences,such as discrimination.

Question 35

A Canadian general presided over a United Nations mission ill-equipped to stop tribal warfare in Africa and the slaughter of one tribe ensued.He has since voiced the opinion that a black person's life in Africa is not treated as being worth the same as a white person's life in Eastern Europe because there are no economic interests in that part of Africa.Which ethnic relations theory coincides with the general's statement?

A) normative-theory
B) north-south theory
C) power-conflict theory
D) primordialist theory

Question 36

Which term translates from French to reflect one "Québécois" notion of ethnicity?

A) 100 percent Canadian
B) 100 percent Québécois
C) cultural nationalist
D) pure wool

Question 37

According to the text,which statement represents a primary distinction between orthodox Marxist theorists and split labour market theorists on racism?

A) Orthodox Marxists assume the middle class is the engine of racist thinking,while split labour market theorists assume that the capitalist class is.
B) Orthodox Marxists assume that the capitalist class is the engine of racist thinking,while split labour market theorists assume that the working class is the engine of racist thinking.
C) Orthodox Marxists assume that the working class is the engine of racist thinking,while split labour market theorists assume that the capitalist class is the engine of racist thinking.
D) Orthodox Marxists assume the working class is the engine of racist thinking,while split labour market theorists assume that the middle class is.

Question 38

Which statement best characterizes the Quiet Revolution in Quebec?

A) Catholic control of education slowly tightened.
B) It occurred primarily during the late 1800s.
C) It involved questioning the Church's authority.
D) It was a growth and then stabilization of the habitants.

Question 39

Ana Celia Zentella's research in the United States identified that Puerto Ricans are sometimes accused of "acting white." For example,this can happen when they learn to speak English without a Spanish accent or when they dress to fit into "corporate America." What aspect of ethnic identity do these Puerto Ricans demonstrate?

A) Ethnicity can be hidden.
B) Ethnicity can be embarrassing.
C) Ethnicity is an achieved status.
D) Ethnicity is an ascribed status.

Question 40

Which of the following nineteenth-century Quebec circumstances fuelled Québécois nationalism?

A) French-Canadians were worse off than English-Canadians in every material way.
B) French-Canadians were the minority group (numerically)in their own province.
C) Capitalists were predominantly French and labourers were mostly English.
D) Conditions of the English and the French,socially and economically,were equal.

Question 41

According to the text,what kind of prerogative do the English and French charter groups have in Canada?

A) They are able to set the terms under which others are admitted to the country.
B) Both charter groups use their influence to make a more equal society.
C) The English are unable to wield power over the other main charter group in Canada.
D) The French wield power to control the other main charter group in Canada.

Question 42

John van den Hoeven worked and saved for many years in order to emigrate from Holland to Canada with his two sons,buy land,and live his dream life as a farmer.According to Canadian immigration policy,what category would John fit into?

A) immigrant investor
B) self-employed immigrant
C) skilled worker
D) family class immigrant

Question 43

What was the basis of the dominance that the Anglophone elite exercised in Quebec,beginning in the eighteenth century?

A) control of social-service institutions
B) the position of the visible minorities
C) control of economic and political affairs
D) the position of informal social structures

Question 44

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor that was identified by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police as contributing to the high rate of victimization of Aboriginal women?

A) poor employment conditions and opportunities
B) poor family relationships and socialization
C) consumption of drugs and/or alcohol prior to the incident
D) involvement in the sex trade

Question 45

A woman tells her husband,"I am going to hire Julie to clean the house because she is from Country X and immigrants from there are very hard workers." What is this woman reinforcing?

A) prejudice
B) discrimination
C) institutional racism
D) racial stereotyping

Question 46

In a heated debate on immigration policies,Amanda's father asserted that all immigrants come to Canada and then enjoy the Canadian lifestyle at the taxpayers' expense.Amanda retorted that there are immigrants who are wealthy and help to create jobs for Canadians.What was Amanda referring to?

A) self-employed immigrants
B) immigrant investors
C) venture fund immigrants
D) family class immigrants

Question 47

Although Alex has not yet met Justin,his future dorm roommate,Alex was told that Justin was attending university on a football scholarship.He is anxious and unhappy about sharing his room with a football player because he expects Justin will be a "party animal" who will make studying difficult.How can Alex's attitude be classified?

A) racism
B) discrimination
C) prejudice
D) fully justified

Question 48

Which of the following are "charter groups," as identified by John Porter?

A) Aboriginal,Inuit,and Métis
B) Ukrainians,Italians,and Poles
C) Americans and Canadians
D) French and English

Question 49

According to the text,how do sociologists define racism?

A) mostly a biological category or a form of census data categorization
B) largely a myth or a thing of the past in today's politically correct world
C) as both an ideology and a certain kind of institutional practice
D) as primarily associated with radical countercultures looking for change

Question 50

Indian was a label externally imposed on Canada's indigenous peoples.What factors have contributed to the renaming of Canada's indigenous population?

A) indigenous people acquiring more power and renaming themselves
B) the powerlessness of First Nations people to rename themselves
C) an inability to develop a collective identity by First Nations people
D) the dominant culture's apologies and renaming efforts

Question 51

Two young people are discussing the pros and cons of national citizenship versus global citizenship.In the end they agree that nations bounded by set geographic boundaries are best.Which term best describes the citizenship they have endorsed?

A) civic nationalism
B) civic allegiance
C) national citizenship
D) national endorsement

Question 52

Which statement supports the primordialist explanation of prejudice?

A) Humans have a natural affinity/liking for "nonfamily" members.
B) Nepotism is about playing favourites with immediate family members.
C) Prejudice is a way of maintaining the economic status hierarchy.
D) Ethnic prejudice and racism are ways of maintaining in-group solidarity.

Question 53

Which term best identifies race by a typological categorization?

A) Québécois
B) Asian
C) mongoloid
D) Ontarian

Question 54

According to the text,what is the main difference between race and ethnicity?

A) Race is physical attributes;ethnicity is cultural characteristics.
B) Race is cultural characteristics;ethnicity is physical attributes.
C) People can be multiracial,but they can't be multiethnic.
D) Racial categorizations are more scientifically determined.

Question 55

After the terrorist bombings in the United States in 2001,some airline passengers overheard a group of other passengers speaking Arabic and demanded that the foreigners be taken off the plane.The airline employees had the foreign-born passengers disembark.What term best describes this incident?

A) prejudice
B) racism
C) discrimination
D) bigotry

Question 56

What conclusion does Steinberg reach when he critiques a "culture of poverty" explanation?

A) The culture of poverty is the result of poverty,not the cause of poverty.
B) The culture of poverty causes groups to lag behind or get ahead precisely because of their cultural values.
C) The culture of poverty is the cause of continuing and persistent poverty for Aboriginal people.
D) Poverty is all about culture-some cultures simply lack an adequate work ethic.

Question 57

A young man grew up in the U.S.Deep South;his grandfather and father were both members of the Ku Klux Klan,and he is a member of the Klan-with an abiding hatred of minorities.Which theory of ethnic relations predicts this man's prejudice?

A) normative theories
B) social-psychological theories
C) power-conflict theories
D) primordialist theories

Question 58

Justine attends a high school that has two predominant cliques-keeners who are very academically inclined,and the jocks-students who are very involved in sports.Both groups have very negative and stereotypical notions of the other.Which term best describes these negative beliefs?

A) racism
B) bigotry
C) discrimination
D) prejudice

Question 59

Nicholas was skyping with his friend Raul from Argentina.When asked how his immigration to Canada application was going,Raul responded,"I passed." What was Raul referring to?

A) achieving a minimum of 67 points on the form to enter Canada as a skilled worker
B) achieving a minimum of 67 points on the form to enter Canada as a political refugee
C) submission of a 500-word essay that demonstrates the applicant's ability to communicate in English
D) approval based on physical and psychological testing

Question 60

The school board abolished an old regulation that no students from Country X would be admitted.The regulation had been put in place because the board had believed (at the time)that people from Country X were less intelligent and unable to achieve appropriate academic standards.What is the reasoning for this old regulation an example of?

A) prejudice
B) normative theory
C) frustration-aggression
D) primordialism

Question 61

According to John Porter's description,which term describes a society where ethnic groups tend to occupy different and unequal positions?

A) institutional discrimination
B) ethnic nationalism
C) a nonracial hierarchy
D) a vertical mosaic

Question 62

Which thesis is based on the idea that people have an innate tendency to seek out others of similar ethnic and racial attachments?

A) the discrimination thesis
B) the primordialist thesis
C) the socialization thesis
D) the normative thesis

Question 63

Tarik's parents encouraged him to participate in activities in their Bosnian community in Canada,but he refused,telling his parents that he was "Canadian." Five years later,however,he became active in the community,volunteered at a Bosnian cultural centre,and called himself "Bosnian." What does this case study demonstrate?

A) Group ethnicity is stronger than individual ethnicity.
B) Denying one's ethnicity is problematic.
C) Ethnicity can change.
D) Growing up in Canada is confusing for immigrant youth.

Question 64

A friend says to you,"Seriously,you might zip along Dundas Street in Mississauga to find a Korean joint for dinner,but do you think they'd really want you to live in their community,or vice-versa? I respect their differences,but oil and water don't mix." According to the text,which term best defines this kind of view?

A) new racism
B) prejudice
C) bigotry
D) discrimination

Question 65

An academically outstanding First Nations boy is teased by his reserve chums,who call him an apple: red on the outside,but white on the inside.Embarrassed about not fitting in,this young man's grades soon fall.Which theoretical perspective best predicts this kind of behaviour?

A) split ethnicity theory
B) culture of poverty thesis
C) frustration-aggression thesis
D) new racism theory

Question 66

A little boy uses a racist term when describing a neighbour,and rather than telling him how inappropriate that label is,his parents laugh.From this experience,the boy learns that his parents think he is funny when he uses racist language and he repeats the practice.What explanation would be used to explain this construction of racism?

A) primordialism
B) social psychology
C) power-conflict theory
D) socialization theory

Question 67

Damian is a member of a visible minority and has worked on the factory line for 10 years.He feels he deserves a chance as a manager.The last new manager hired was a man who had worked for the factory for only five years,but was Caucasian.Damian believes that he was passed over because of his skin colour.What does Damian believe he has experienced?

A) glass ceiling
B) discrimination
C) frustration-aggression
D) institutional racism

Question 68

An immigration reform lobby group argues that high immigration levels make it more difficult to achieve Canada's fiscal objectives.When immigrants come to Canada,they cost the Canadian taxpayer (in health care and education,for example)while not contributing their "fair share" in taxes.Which term characterizes this argument?

A) racial profiling
B) primordialist accounting
C) normative control
D) scapegoating

Question 69

According to power-conflict theories,what is a consequence of racism in capitalist society?

A) Racism in capitalist society encourages the exploited to work harder to get ahead.
B) Racism is based on the competition for scarce resources between companies.
C) Racism serves capitalists by inhibiting class consciousness among the exploited.
D) Racism and class usually coincide,meaning the underclass experiences less exploitation.

Question 70

Which of the following was a notorious example of devalued immigrant certification?

A) An Italian bricklayer was not permitted to supervise the construction of a high-rise complex.
B) A Nigerian immigrant had an undergraduate degree evaluated as equivalent to a Ph.D.
C) A Jamaican immigrant was told his Stanford Ph.D.was equivalent to Grade 13.
D) A male nurse from India was allowed to practise medicine in Saskatchewan.

Question 71

Which group tends to be the most economically disadvantaged in Canada?

A) Canadian-born visible minorities
B) visible-minority immigrants
C) immigrants who are not visible minorities
D) Canadian-born nonvisible minorities

Question 72

Which of the following poses a problem for the Marxist position on race?

A) minority workers discriminating against majority workers
B) the existence of minority-group elites in the capitalist system
C) the fact that racism is a direct,conspiratorial plot of capitalists
D) the lack of evidence that capitalists conspire to be racist

Question 73

Tuan and his parents moved to Canada from Vietnam when he was eight years old.Now,at the age of 24,he is filling out a census form and he registers himself as a Canadian,even though the form would allow him to acknowledge his ethnic roots.What does this imply about the concept of ethnicity?

A) It is situational,variable,and flexible.
B) It no longer applies after 15 years in a new country.
C) It is fixed,static,and measurable.
D) It is inferior to racial definitions.

Question 74

Whenever the newspaper reports a crime incident that involves a nonwhite person,Samantha's immediate comment is "Well,what do you expect from that group of people?" What is her attitude and reaction an example of?

A) new racism
B) discrimination
C) prejudice
D) fully justified

Question 75

In a sociology class discussing racism,Brendon asserts that the Canadian government is racist,given the ways by which it has exploited and unfairly treated the Aboriginal population.What type of explanation is Brendon giving?

A) primordialist
B) Marxist
C) systemic
D) functionalist

Question 76

Which statement was a major critique,levied by Human Rights Watch,of the 2014 RCMP report Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Women?

A) It was too lengthy and full of jargon.
B) It addressed violence against Aboriginal women using a 'blame the victim' focus.
C) It undercounted the number of missing Aboriginal women.
D) It didn't address the role the police play in violence against Aboriginal women.

Question 77

Many schools have implemented a multicultural week into their curriculum and activities focus on the presentation of the objective elements of ethnicity.Which of the following would be addressed during this week?

A) a sense of belonging,or a shared "we feeling"
B) dish,dance,dialect,and dress of various groups
C) labels and definitions applied by different ethnic groups
D) categorization into ethnic groups based on self-identification

Question 78

According to the text,what was the Catholic Church's net effect in Quebec during the nineteenth century?

A) It encouraged people to have smaller families.
B) It encouraged French-Canadians to enter business.
C) It ensured the survival of French-Canadian culture.
D) It conserved the status quo and resisted change.

Question 79

According to the power-conflict perspective,what is racism?

A) It is the result of solidarity among minority groups,particularly recent immigrants.
B) It is a consequence of biological differences between people,regardless of economics.
C) In a capitalist society,it is an ideology justifying exploitation of minorities and immigrants.
D) It is something that will disappear as class-consciousness increases in capitalist society.

Question 80

Aashi Pershad is a medical doctor in Goa,India,and would like to come to Canada;however,immigration authorities in Canada say her certification is not equivalent to a Canadian doctor's and she would have to do an additional three years of residency and take some courses before being allowed to practice.What term best describes Dr.Pershad's situation?

A) credential discrimination
B) minimization of certification
C) racist immigration policies
D) devaluation of credentials