Deck 6: Communication and Mass Media

Question 1

An example of bottom-up surveillance on social media is an employer accessing profiles on Facebook in order to monitor the behaviour of employees.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Olivia celebrated the birth of her daughter by purchasing a newly developed item that had just been released on the market-a smart phone.What year was her daughter born?

A) 1989
B) 1993
C) 1997
D) 2001

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Social networking sites such as Facebook raise concerns about online privacy and surveillance.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Mainstream news sources and outlets always act like the "lap dogs" of the powerful because of media conglomeration.

Question 5

When British songwriter Adele became known worldwide,the world was brought together through her shared meanings and understandings of heartbreak and dating relationships.Which term best characterizes the sharing of information and cultural understandings of life experiences?

A) interaction
B) sharing
C) targeting
D) communication

Question 6

Torstar holds a virtual monopoly of the English-language newspaper market in major cities across Canada.

Question 7

The digital divide refers to inequalities in knowledge of how to use the Internet,access to online technology,and the rate of using such technology.

Question 8

From 2001 to 2004,Japanese television aired Money Tigers-a program that dealt with the concept of business investment.In 2006,Dragon's Den debuted and featured aspiring Canadian entrepreneurs pitching business and investment ideas to a panel of venture capitalists.The American reality series-Shark Tank-premiered in 2009 showcasing entrepreneur contestants making business presentations to a panel of "shark" investors.What does this chain of events depict?

A) cultural imperialism
B) indigenization
C) "me-too" programming
D) reversal of cultural imperialism

Question 9

Justine has been hired by the community-based organization OpenMedia.Her first assignment is to write an article that outlines the efforts of network providers to prioritize the content of corporations and to slow down peer-to-peer file sharing.What issue is Justine addressing?

A) corporate integration
B) net neutrality
C) corporate hegemony
D) net democracy

Question 10

Reception analysis is an offshoot of cultural studies and adopts a deterministic approach to analyzing the behaviour of media consumers.

Question 11

One benefit of social media is that they do not suffer from concentration and commercialization.

Question 12

As a result of low viewer ratings,media outlets that cater to ethnic minority groups are decreasing in number.

Question 13

The growing concentration of ownership in the newspaper industry is an area of increasing concern for media analysts.

Question 14

Social media play an important role in contemporary social activism.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a quality of new media?

A) reaches a more fragmented audience
B) uses analogue information
C) allows interaction between sender and receiver
D) decentralizes production

Question 16

In Canada,the newspaper industry is becoming increasingly concentrated with fewer corporate owners.

Question 17

There are more people in Asia with access to the Internet than North American users of the Internet.

Question 18

Virtual communities do not resemble real communities because the former lacks shared interests and values.

Question 19

Historically,there has been a shift from time-biased media to space-biased media.

Question 20

The central concept in cultural studies is the relationship between politics and the economy.

Question 21

According to Herman and Chomsky's analysis of the media,what is the "propaganda model"?

A) The media is an open forum where diversity of opinion is prevalent.
B) The media serves at the beck-and-call of the viewers' interests.
C) The media are not controlled by any specific socioeconomic interest.
D) The media filters content to reduce or eliminate subversive views.

Question 22

The pilot for a new television show included a character that helped a teenager obtain an abortion.Since a major shareholder on the television network's board of directors was anti-abortion,the show was not purchased.According to the text,what sociological approach could be used to analyze the influence of the shareholder?

A) multimedia chains
B) vertical integration
C) critical hegemony
D) political economy

Question 23

An advertiser is having problems buying advertising time on television because there are now so many channels to choose from,each with its own audience demographics.What impact does this abundance of choice have?

A) Societies are becoming more homogeneous.
B) Societies are becoming more fragmented.
C) Societies are becoming overly predictable.
D) Societies are becoming overexposed.

Question 24

When people play video games,they are transmitting and receiving messages.Which term best characterizes the flow of messages between the device and the user?

A) traditional media
B) interactive media
C) targeted media
D) communication media

Question 25

Darren was asked to bring to class an example of a mass medium.Which of the following would he provide?

A) a letter to his grandfather
B) a Sports Illustrated magazine
C) his mother's grocery list
D) details of a conversation he had with his neighbour

Question 26

After the September 11,2001 attacks on the United States,movies made in the Western world showed a substantial rise in villains from Iraq and Afghanistan.If Salena adopted a political-economy perspective,which of the following would she argue to be a primary reason behind the increase in the number of these movie characters?

A) The circumstances altered mediated social understandings,requiring updated antagonists.
B) The movies presented stories that support the new dominant political ideology.
C) The movies educated the public about Iraq and Afghanistan.
D) The movies provided emotional violence,reducing violent tendencies in people affected by 9/11.

Question 27

According to the text,which form of media are Facebook,Instagram,and Twitter examples of?

A) mass
B) streamlined
C) targeted
D) communication

Question 28

Which concept refers to the integration of previously separate communications technologies,such as telephone,television,and radio into one device?

A) concentration
B) conglomeration
C) compression
D) convergence

Question 29

Who conceptualized a distinction between time-based and space-based media?

A) Marshall McLuhan
B) Harold Innis
C) Karl Marx
D) Theodor Adorno

Question 30

According to the textbook,what was the biggest Canadian media conglomerate based on annual revenue in 2014?

A) Bell Media
B) Postmedia
C) Telus
D) Rogers

Question 31

Which term describes an imbalance of trade in cultural products,such as the concern about American television shows on Canadian airwaves?

A) free trade
B) airwave hijacking
C) media monopolization
D) cultural imperialism

Question 32

What is the central concept in cultural studies?

A) corporate culturalism
B) information sourcing
C) cultural imperialism
D) media representation

Question 33

Nazi Germany was the first totalitarian state to use radio as a propaganda tool.Which term best describes this use of media?

A) language-based
B) symbol-based
C) space-based
D) time-based

Question 34

What significant technology did Johannes Gutenberg invent?

A) telegraph
B) World Wide Web
C) printing press
D) personal computer

Question 35

Which of the following is a limitation of deterministic theories of media influence on the issue of elite control of media?

A) News agencies may rely heavily on corporate and government sources but this does not stop journalistic criticism.
B) They are few examples of mainstream journalists who oppose government and big business.
C) Deterministic theories do not consider the socializing function of mass media.
D) Journalists find very little to criticize in the corporate and political realm.

Question 36

Which of the following is a critical assertion about the media as argued by Herman and Chomsky?

A) The media serves the economic interests of the dominant class.
B) The media attempts to suspend bias and be objective.
C) The media simply reflects common societal interests.
D) The media's news is not filtered nor interpreted but merely reported.

Question 37

According to your text,which surveillance system is used by the National Security Agency to collect user data from Google,Apple,Facebook,and other social media companies?

A) ECHELON
B) Project 6
C) PRISM
D) Onyx

Question 38

A print media tycoon built his newspaper empire by going from one to 500 newspapers,and along the way he leased crown forest land,bought pulp and paper companies that supplied his newsprint,and bought trucking companies to deliver his papers.Which business model did he use?

A) corporate integration
B) horizontally integrated
C) multitiered
D) cross-industry monopoly

Question 39

What does the acronym CRTC stand for?

A) Canadian Radio and Telecommunications Commission
B) Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission
C) Canadian Radio and Telecommunications Corporation
D) Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Corporation

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT found in the top three biggest media conglomerates in Canada?

A) Rogers
B) Telus
C) Shaw
D) Bell Media

Question 41

Which of the following is the global leader in the number of feature-length films produced each year?

A) Bollywood
B) Dollywood
C) Hollywood
D) Nollywood

Question 42

Which of the following is NOT one of the three media conglomerates that dominate Canada's wireless market?

A) Bell Media
B) Telus
C) Shaw
D) Rogers Communications

Question 43

Jeff watched a show on television last night about the relationship between religion and violence in Western society.He is now convinced that the solution to reduce violence will be found through religious teachings,although he personally has not been to church in 10 years.According to the text,what was likely the main contributing factor that explains why Jeff's opinion was swayed so profoundly?

A) The show reflected a dominant ideology.
B) The show presented an unbiased report.
C) The show used hegemonic testimony.
D) The show was critically acclaimed.

Question 44

Sam noticed that when he used BitTorrent to download movies at a friend's house,the download speeds were much lower than the ones he had at his house.When he discussed this with his friends,he learned that their Internet service provider was being investigated for throttling speeds based on the types of traffic.What is this an example of?

A) violation of net neutrality
B) abuse of traffic convergence
C) negligent media integration
D) promotion of corporate imperialism

Question 45

Which of the following is one of the concerns about social networking sites?

A) surveillance
B) status inconsistencies
C) activism
D) misrepresentation

Question 46

ABC Communications Inc.owns a sports stadium,a football team,several newspapers and magazines,a television network,and a number of retail outlets.What concept does this type of ownership reflect?

A) corporate integration
B) horizontal convergence
C) media oligarchy
D) cross-media control

Question 47

What do we call the practice of a single company owning businesses that operate in related,yet different,commercial sectors?

A) cross-sector control
B) corporate integration
C) media convergence
D) decentralized business

Question 48

Umar goes to school full-time,has a part-time job,and he enjoys an active social life.According to the textbook,if Umar is like most Canadians,what does he spend a significant amount of his daily time doing?

A) interacting with the mass media
B) interacting with family
C) reading books
D) doing school work

Question 49

Pierre subscribes to,and faithfully reads,The Globe and Mail,MacLean's magazine,and the Canadian Parliamentary Review quarterly as a way of staying informed about life in Canada.In doing this,what is Pierre a part of?

A) imagined community
B) Canadian fantasy
C) national web
D) simulated reality

Question 50

Which theory includes the political economy perspective as a variant?

A) cultural studies
B) critical
C) cultivation
D) postmodernist

Question 51

An award-winning journalist had factual information that a local mining company had been exceeding allowable Canadian standards for environmental pollution.Despite the story's excellent sources and factual accounts,the newspaper editor pulled the story before it could run.According to Herman and Chomsky,why would the editor most likely have refused to publish the story?

A) Newspapers generally do not publish stories that are political in content.
B) The facts could not be appropriately checked for accuracy.
C) The mining company contributes a lot of advertising revenue to the paper.
D) The mining company would sue the newspaper.

Question 52

According to Forbes 2014 Top 10 list of global media companies,how many were American?

A) 3
B) 5
C) 7
D) 9

Question 53

Which type of media is the Mayan Calendar?

A) print-based
B) symbol-based
C) space-based
D) time-based

Question 54

What term best characterizes how diverse media programming allows individuals to personally construct understandings and identities?

A) representation
B) vertical integration
C) framing
D) anachronism

Question 55

Which of the following is NOT a major form of decoding that is used by audience members when interpreting media messages?

A) They may accept the intended meaning.
B) They may reject the intended meaning.
C) They may negotiate the intended meaning.
D) They may misrepresent the intended meaning.

Question 56

What kind of business model is represented by owning both a major league sports team and a cable channel outlet that broadcasts the team's games?

A) corporate integration
B) cultural acquisition
C) corporate imperialism
D) multilevel merger

Question 57

According to the text,what was the largest grassroots indigenous social movement in Canadian history?

A) Idle No More
B) No Olympics on Stolen Land
C) Walk4Justice
D) Defenders of the Land

Question 58

Which statement is a critique or negative consequence of the consolidation of media properties?

A) It would result in narrowcasting-the fragmentation of programming to specialty groups or niches.
B) It would impede globalization.
C) It would make the media less open and diverse in terms of ideas and cultural products.
D) It would require more sharing of critical information from other news media outlets.

Question 59

Randall argues that media consumers are programmed to buy,eat,dress and vote in ways that suit those who control the mass media.What school of thought has Randall adopted?

A) media determinism
B) media imperialism
C) media voluntarism
D) media constructionism

Question 60

A Japanese girl is sipping on a can of Coke and reading a US Weekly magazine.She is considering plastic surgery to change her eyes because she wants to look more like the girls in US Weekly magazine.Which term best describes this situation?

A) media conglomeration
B) corporate culturalism
C) cultural penetration
D) cultural imperialism

Question 61

According to Marshall McLuhan,what happens when new mass media are introduced?

A) results in decreasing levels of self-esteem
B) increases the amount of interactive leisure time
C) changes the way we perceive and think
D) leads to civic disengagement

Question 62

Which factor best characterizes the basis of social ties in the virtual communities?

A) geographical location-interest appears to be quite local
B) gender-men dominate the formation of virtual communities
C) ancestry-people of common origin group together
D) shared interests-values,belonging,common purpose

Question 63

When Stephen Harper put forth the C-10 Omnibus Crime Bill,its mandate was to enforce new criminal offences that would result in harsher prison sentencing for longer periods of time.Resorting to enforcement of harsher sentences for young offenders has allowed policymakers to neglect crime reduction avenues that benefit the common good of all within communities.Which of the following best represents how Bill C-10 upholds the class interests of the powerful ruling elite?

A) monopolization of crime
B) dominant ideology
C) status hierarchy
D) crime media content

Question 64

In a recent newscast,bankers on Wall Street were interviewed.The common sentiment among the bankers was that capitalism is the best way to organize a society's economy.Based on what you have learned about the political economy of media,which statement best characterizes the intent behind this newscast?

A) It intended to promote progress and democracy.
B) It intended to convey the dominant ideology.
C) It intended to reinforce the status hierarchy.
D) It intended to represent all economic positions equally.

Question 65

When Craig is in sitting in his living room in Toronto,Jane in her living room in Winnipeg,and Tina in her bedroom in Vancouver,all watching CTV National News at 11 p.m. ,what form of media are they subjecting themselves to?

A) interactive media
B) streamlining media
C) targeted media
D) mass media

Question 66

What body is charged with overseeing Canada's broadcasting and telecommunication systems?

A) the Canadian Council on Public Media
B) the Canadian Broadcasting Commission
C) the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission
D) the Canadian Broadcasting and Telecommunication Agency

Question 67

What do we call information that is transmitted from a single source to a large impersonal audience?

A) disconnected media
B) new media
C) traditional media
D) remote media

Question 68

In Canada,how many companies control the Internet,newspapers,television,radio,and telephone?

A) 3
B) 8
C) 11
D) 13

Question 69

Which approach to the study of mass media focuses on the ownership and control of economic resources?

A) media economics
B) political economy
C) cultural studies
D) critical ethnography

Question 70

Society has been described as having "amnesia" when it comes to understanding the long-term impacts of breaking news stories.For instance,most people support and encourage charities created from global tragedies such as the earthquake in Haiti;however,the impact of such tragedies is quickly forgotten.Which form of communication is used to describe the short-term media messages that hit global headlines but lose importance shortly after?

A) print-based media
B) symbol-based media
C) space-based media
D) time-based media

Question 71

In North America,where predominant media messages are supportive of capitalism,consumer society,and the growth of the free-market economy,these messages help maintain the status quo.What do these media messages represent?

A) progress and democracy
B) the dominant ideology
C) the status hierarchy
D) commercials and advertisements

Question 72

Which media outlet broadcasts programs in 20 languages that are spoken primarily by immigrant groups in Canada?

A) Inuit Broadcasting Corporation
B) Telelatino Network
C) OMNI
D) CNBC

Question 73

Which term is used to signify the fact that humans now live in a world dominated by mass media?

A) Internet era
B) global village
C) electronic connection
D) World Wide Web

Question 74

Jeremy is an ardent proponent of reception analysis.In a class discussion on the effects of media,which of the following will he argue?

A) Audiences selectively interpret what they want to hear.
B) Content analysis is the best way to identify the themes covered by the media.
C) Audiences passively absorb whatever messages they are given.
D) Social interaction reinforces the ideas and images that audiences select.

Question 75

Why was Leonardo DiCaprio visiting the tar sands in Northern Alberta in 2014?

A) He wanted to participate in the "Ice Bucket Challenge."
B) He was starring in a new movie.
C) He was conducting research for an environmental documentary.
D) He was looking to invest in an oil company.

Question 76

According to Marshall McLuhan,what have electronic media created?

A) hyperreality
B) global village
C) technology gap
D) culture industry

Question 77

"Americans have taken over our airwaves.There is a lot of talent in Canada that is being ignored.Canada should ban American content and focus on Canadian programming." Who would be most likely to make this statement?

A) Unilever - the company who makes and markets Axe deodorant
B) Harold,who has a political-economy perspective
C) Sonia,who majors in cultural studies
D) Michael,who is a Canadian and avid television viewer

Question 78

What does the term "net neutrality" refer to?

A) the postings on websites that are nonpartisan
B) a promise by users of some websites that they will not make critical comments
C) equal treatment of digital transmissions by Internet service companies
D) equal access to online technology by all Canadians

Question 79

Canada lives in the shadow of a media giant-the United States of America-and consequently our society is inundated with books,magazines,television,cinema,and Internet content that is American-based.The sheer volume of this content greatly exceeds our cultural products.Which term best describes this situation?

A) cultural secession
B) cultural hijacking
C) cultural imperialism
D) cultural tsunami

Question 80

According to Marshall McLuhan and his followers,how does television,as compared to print,affect culture?

A) Television replaced radio and print.
B) Television is more socially inclusive than print.
C) Television is more socially destructive than print.
D) Television is more popular than print.