Deck 4: Socialization

Question 1

Which stage are children in when their actions are oriented toward general rules and practices and not to personal preferences or attachments?

A) looking-glass self
B) game stage
C) imitative stage
D) play stage

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The self has become increasingly flexible,which affords more freedom for people to choose who they want themselves to be.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The emphasis on consensus in ancient Chinese civilization was influenced by the small-scale herding and fishing economy.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

There are four identifiable generations in Canada.

Question 5

Socialization in the family is a top-down transmission of values,allowing parents to shape who their children become.

Question 6

According to feminist sociologists,people are not born knowing how to express masculinity and femininity but rather learn the conventional expressions.

Question 7

The storehouse of cultural standards is found in the personal conscience.

Question 8

Cooley asserts that our feelings about who and what we are,are organized around our evaluation of how we believe we are judged by others.

Question 9

According to Mead,all social experience involves an interaction between the "I" and the "Me."

Question 10

Significant others are of central importance in the development of the self.

Question 11

"Jack,will you please clear the table while your sister takes out the garbage? You can both play when these chores are done." Which social norm is this parent is trying to socialize these children to break?

A) that children should learn responsibility
B) that play is an important socialization tool
C) the gendered division of labour
D) that girls and boys are equal

Question 12

Adolescence as a life stage is a product of the industrialization era.

Question 13

In Canada,the average age at first marriage is around 29 years for women and 31 years for men.

Question 14

High school graduation,university convocation,a wedding ceremony,and a funeral are all examples of rites of passage.

Question 15

What did Cooley mean by the looking-glass self?

A) People constantly assess themselves on the basis of how they think others see them.
B) People continually engage in upward and downward social comparison.
C) People see themselves in the mirror and think appearances reflect who they are.
D) People attempt to reduce discrepancies between their real and ideal selves.

Question 16

For George Herbert Mead,the "me" is the subjective side of the self and the "I" is the objective side,learned in the course of social interaction.

Question 17

A Grade 11 girl signs up for a co-op program at school and chooses an opportunity to work at a pharmacy as part of her studies.Which term best characterizes this experience?

A) anticipatory socialization
B) resocialization
C) adult socialization
D) secondary socialization

Question 18

The ability to become human is only a potential;to be actualized,individuals require socialization.

Question 19

The last residential school for Canadian Aboriginal children closed in 1956.

Question 20

According to the text,which of the following best characterizes total institutions?

A) the isolation of people from the rest of society
B) long hours of attendance on a daily basis
C) organizations with no clear command structure
D) self-regulation by the participants

Question 21

Five-year-old hockey players called "Tykes" skate en masse;wherever the puck goes,they go,without differentiating their respective roles.However,older hockey players in the "Little NHL," have defencemen at the blueline and forwards forcing the play toward the goal.In what stage would sociologists classify the older players?

A) game stage
B) play stage
C) generalized other stage
D) imitative stage

Question 22

Krista does not know whether she should become sexually active with her boyfriend,as her friends suggest,or continue to abstain as her parents suggest.In order to avoid turmoil and confusion,what should Krista do?

A) She needs to reconcile the messages from her parents and peers.
B) She needs to follow what her parents suggest.
C) She needs to follow what her peers suggest.
D) She needs to seek counselling.

Question 23

Which statement best reflects the concept of resocialization?

A) It helps to confirm and reinforce a person's existing identity.
B) It is based on freedom and the absence of controls over people.
C) It consists of stripping away old identities and creating new ones.
D) It normally has minimal effect on peoples' self-concepts.

Question 24

What is socialization?

A) the mechanism in place to bond infants to their parents
B) the process of assembling numbers of people for joyous interaction
C) the process of social interaction where we learn how to act in society
D) the process of teaching strangers societal norms and values

Question 25

A young child is repeatedly given negative messages about clumsiness and stupidity,and the parents even express regret that the child was born.Subsequently,this child develops a negative self-concept congruent with these parental messages.Which sociological concept best captures this process?

A) looking-glass self
B) primary socialization
C) family violence
D) secondary socialization

Question 26

Emily recently attended a residential treatment program for her addiction to drugs and alcohol.Upon entry,she was forced to forget about her life as an addict and develop a new identity.Through intensive counselling and group work,Emily left the program as a new person.Which term best characterizes Emily's experience in her treatment program?

A) resocialization
B) secondary socialization
C) adult socialization
D) anticipatory socialization

Question 27

According to the text,which of the following is an agent of socialization?

A) media
B) personality
C) genes
D) self

Question 28

According to the text,which statement illustrates a common characteristic of the agents of socialization?

A) They are all equally intimate in their contact with individuals.
B) They all have a direct influence on individual behaviour.
C) They all have a formal influence on individual behaviour.
D) They all influence how individuals perceive and respond to their world.

Question 29

Rosenthal and Jacobson found that when teachers treated students as if they were intellectual bloomers,the students became high achievers.What is this process known as?

A) social class bias
B) self-fulfilling prophecy
C) unethical practice of authority
D) reverse discrimination

Question 30

After much soul-searching,Mary Ellen has decided to enter religious life as a nun and has joined the order called the Congregation of Jesus.On the day of her entrance,which of the following would NOT be part of her three-stage ceremony?

A) ritual rejection
B) ritual death
C) ritual rebirth
D) ritual awakening

Question 31

A young child has acquired basic oral communication skills,goes to preschool,is able to form relationships,and understands himself as distinct from his parents but not related to his preschool friends.What stage of socialization has this child achieved?

A) primary socialization
B) peer influences
C) organizational influences
D) secondary socialization

Question 32

A young toddler,supported by his father,stands on a stool and peers into the mirror on the bathroom vanity.While his father shaves,the child also applies shaving cream to his own face,and then scrapes the foam off with a toy razor.What sociological term best describes this child's actions?

A) play stage of development
B) sexual-script stage of gender development
C) secondary-sex characteristics development
D) imitative stage of development

Question 33

Who was the first scholar to emphasize the importance of social interaction in the development of the self?

A) Charles Horton Cooley
B) George Herbert Mead
C) Sigmund Freud
D) Max Weber

Question 34

Kurt is a 15-year-old boy who aspires to be a professional BMX rider.Every chance he gets he watches professional BMX shows and even attends competitions.Last year,his parents bought him a racing bike.Since then,Kurt has decided that he no longer needs to get good grades at school because a large number of the BMX champions never went to university.According to sociologists,what is Kurt experiencing?

A) anticipatory socialization
B) advanced socialization
C) adult socialization
D) resocialization

Question 35

According to the text,which of the following is considered a total institution?

A) shopping mall
B) prison
C) university
D) family

Question 36

A child is born into a family.For the first several years of life the child is influenced by parents and siblings in close,intimate,and caring relationships.What term refers to this type of socialization?

A) resocialization
B) kin influence
C) primary socialization
D) secondary socialization

Question 37

Spencer is a 10-year-old who is highly skilled at soccer,baseball,and basketball.As a result,he is sought after as a teammate in neighbourhood games and by teachers coaching intramural sports at his school.According to Mead,what is Spencer's success dependent upon?

A) internalization of the looking-glass self
B) the "me" and the "I"
C) the "conscious" and the "subconscious"
D) simultaneously taking the role of several others

Question 38

Joanne went to the mall on her lunch hour and on an impulse decided to buy herself a gold necklace.After work,she went back and returned the necklace because it was very expensive and she really didn't need it.What part of her self made the decision to buy the jewellery in the first place?

A) I
B) me
C) ego
D) alter ego

Question 39

In elementary school we learn to raise our hands and stand in line.What scholastic learning objective is this part of?

A) discipline directive
B) hidden curriculum
C) conformity curriculum
D) orderly conduct directive

Question 40

What is Mead's term for the widespread and shared set of cultural norms and values used in self-evaluation and developing concepts of the self?

A) looking-glass self
B) generalized other
C) role of the other
D) walk in my moccasins

Question 41

Although she has a model-thin body,Janine believes that everyone around her considers her to be overweight.As a result,she drastically cuts her food consumption,and when she does eat,she makes herself vomit in order to purge the calories.Which concept best describes Janine's behaviour?

A) looking-glass self
B) taking the role of the other
C) culture of thin
D) self-fulfilling prophecy

Question 42

According to the text,which of the following is characteristic of complex societies in ancient times with respect to socialization?

A) Socialization practices focused on personal freedoms of individuals.
B) Socialization in complex societies was similar to that of less socially complex societies.
C) Socialization in complex societies stressed the importance of social obligation and consensus.
D) Citizens in complex societies were socialized to be analytical thinkers.

Question 43

According to George Herbert Mead,in which developmental stage do children begin to adopt social roles?

A) community stage
B) play stage
C) game stage
D) imitative stage

Question 44

Friends accused Sandra of being too dedicated to her daily responsibilities,thereby making everyone else look bad.As a result,she has decided to intentionally make mistakes and fall behind on her work in order to fit in better with the others.If this is a statement about Sandra's socialization priorities,which demographic group does she most likely belong to?

A) children under 12
B) adolescents
C) adults
D) seniors

Question 45

Which type of theorist developed the idea of the self-fulfilling prophecy?

A) conflict theorists
B) structural functionalists
C) symbolic interactionists
D) feminist theorists

Question 46

Which of the following was a finding of the Television Bureau of Canada (2014)in reference to Canadian television viewing habits?

A) Men watch more television than women do.
B) High-income earners watch more television than low-income Canadians.
C) Canadians in the southern-most regions watch television more than those in the North.
D) Older Canadians listen to the radio,rather than watch television.

Question 47

Sarah recently met Todd.She thinks that Todd finds her funny and subsequently concludes that Todd is attracted to women with a sense of humour.Sarah's perception makes her feel good about herself and consequently more confident when she is around Todd.Which sociological concept best captures this process?

A) looking-glass self
B) primary socialization
C) taking the role of significant others
D) secondary socialization

Question 48

Ella is almost two years old.Her mother is cleaning the windows in the living room.Ella grabs a towel and begins wiping the windows with her mother.According to George Herbert Mead,what stage in the development of taking the role of the other is Ella displaying?

A) play
B) sensorimotor
C) imitation
D) game

Question 49

Most school socialization involves lessons and objectives.What component of education is a powerful socializing agent but is not a part of the formal goals of the classroom?

A) homework
B) text books
C) hidden curriculum
D) lesson plans

Question 50

Deborah is in the process of teaching her four-year-old to share his toys with his younger sister and also his cousins when they come over to play.According to George Herbert Mead,what is being created in this undertaking?

A) generalized others
B) "I"
C) "you"
D) "me"

Question 51

What is one of the most important factors contributing to the growing flexibility of self?

A) resocialization
B) increasing levels of education
C) globalization
D) spread of self-help groups

Question 52

What component of the educational system teaches students how to be contributing members of society after graduation?

A) courses in law and politics
B) mandatory volunteer hours
C) hidden curriculum
D) extracurricular activities

Question 53

Eric's mom often tells Eric to leave his computer and to go outside and play with his friends.Eric's response is,"Mom,I am playing with my friends - we just queued up to play League of Legends." What has Eric formed with other online players?

A) clique
B) virtual community
C) worldwide network
D) interest group

Question 54

The Hiltons are going Christmas shopping for their two young children.They decide to buy a Tonka truck for their son and a Barbie doll for their daughter.Which term best describes what these parents are doing?

A) sex stereotyping
B) gender stereotyping
C) primary socialization
D) gender role socialization

Question 55

Which theory views socialization as a continuous process of negotiating identities,shaping self-concepts,and including the active role of individuals in their own development?

A) feminism
B) symbolic interactionism
C) conflict
D) structural functionalism

Question 56

A young Marine manned a helicopter machine gun during the Vietnam War and indiscriminately shot women and children in rice paddies.When asked at his court martial how he could shoot women and children,he simply replied,"It's what I am trained to do." Which socialization process best explains his emotional detachment?

A) resocialization
B) secondary socialization
C) adult socialization
D) anticipatory socialization

Question 57

What is the dominant lesson that can be learned from the Stanford prison experiment?

A) One's self-concept is poorly developed in young adults.
B) One's self-concept is weakly related to social circumstances.
C) One's self-concept is strongly related to social circumstances.
D) One's self-concept is strongly developed in young adults.

Question 58

After moving to the isolated compound of the religious group,Amy's name became Daughter of the Prophet.She was required to turn over everything she owned and have no further contact with the outside world,including her family and friends.What process has Amy engaged in?

A) anticipatory socialization
B) a rite of passage
C) spiritual conversion
D) resocialization

Question 59

In preindustrial societies,why were children expected to grow up quickly?

A) It was believed that this would protect them from abuse.
B) In traditional societies,people were quicker at developing a mature sense of self.
C) It was due to the religious teachings of the time.
D) It was a social necessity.

Question 60

Musa was raised in a neighbourhood that was rife with drive-by shootings and gang violence.When visiting his cousins in an up-scale neighbourhood,a car drives by and backfires.Musa immediately drops to the ground and covers his head.Which sociological concept best explains Musa's actions?

A) primary socialization
B) self-fulfilling prophecy
C) societal influences
D) Thomas theorem

Question 61

According to studies of adopted Romanian orphans who had been initially neglected,what developmental shortcomings did the orphans experience?

A) below average weight and height
B) emotional and intellectual deficits
C) inadequate aggression
D) weak hand-to-mouth coordination

Question 62

John loves spending time with Ryan because he is so much fun and they do things John would never do with his family.As a peer-group socializing agent,what status does Ryan have in comparison to John?

A) Ryan has more status than John.
B) Ryan has less status than John.
C) Ryan and John have equal status.
D) Ryan has a status but John does not have a status.

Question 63

What is Charles Horton Cooley's metaphor for social self,as it is interpreted from the behaviours of others?

A) as a picture on a canvas
B) a mirror or a looking-glass image of ourselves
C) a reflection in a pond of still water
D) as a negative from a roll of film

Question 64

With which medium did Canadian adults,on average in 2014,spend the highest number of hours each day engaging?

A) radio
B) Internet
C) television
D) newspapers and magazines

Question 65

Joanne went to the mall on her lunch hour and on an impulse decided to buy herself a gold necklace.After work,she went back and returned the necklace because after talking with her mother she realized it was very expensive and she really didn't need it.What part of her self made the decision to return the necklace?

A) I
B) me
C) ego
D) alter ego

Question 66

According to the examples of Victor and the Romanian orphans discussed in the textbook,which of the following is a typical outcome for children reared in isolation?

A) They develop a strong and independent sense of self.
B) They suffer from impaired emotional and intellectual development.
C) They establish what Cooley termed a "looking-glass self."
D) They continually demand instant gratification.

Question 67

What term refers to associations of people,scattered across the country or the world,who interact via the computer on subjects of mutual interest?

A) global communities
B) virtual communities
C) computer-mediated communities
D) deep net communities

Question 68

What term refers to the socialization that occurs outside the family after childhood?

A) resocialization
B) ancillary socialization
C) secondary socialization
D) coincident socialization

Question 69

According to George Herbert Mead,from whom do we receive the first images of the self?

A) social institutions
B) significant others
C) peer interactions
D) mass media

Question 70

What stages did George Herbert Mead propose that people go through as they are socialized?

A) imitative stage,play stage,game stage
B) internal stage,external stage,global stage
C) self stage,other stage,community stage
D) personal stage,family stage,social stage

Question 71

As illustrated by the story of Victor-"the savage of Aveyron"-what happens when childhood socialization does not occur?

A) Most of our human potential remains locked away.
B) Humans have a propensity for violence.
C) Children mature into adults that require little supervision.
D) Children become overly attached to caring adults.

Question 72

Who coined the concept of the looking-glass self?

A) Charles Horton Cooley
B) Talcott Parsons
C) Margaret Mead
D) George Herbert Mead

Question 73

Which term do sociologists use to describe adolescents imagining or trying on new roles?

A) adult socialization
B) tertiary socialization
C) primary socialization
D) anticipatory socialization

Question 74

Christopher is a four-year-old who believes that monsters are under his bed,waiting to come out after dark when he is asleep.Despite being told there are no such things as monsters,there are many nights when he cries and has difficulty sleeping.What is this an example of?

A) Thomas theorem
B) Jevon's paradox
C) self-fulfilling prophecy
D) primary socialization

Question 75

Despite having finished university and securing a full-time job at a local bank,Jason has returned home to live with his parents.He has his student loans to pay off and does not feel financially prepared to live on his own.According to the text,which statement best applies to Jason's situation?

A) He is part of the Generation X cohort.
B) He was born into the Generation Me cohort.
C) He is part of the failure-to-become-independent generation.
D) He is the epitome of the failure-to-achieve generation.

Question 76

"Since I retired,I haven't been quite sure what to do with all my time.My children told me to relax and enjoy my retirement,but I still feel like I have a contribution to make to society." What challenge faced by retirees today is reflected in this statement?

A) senior status
B) unfulfilled status
C) retired status
D) role-less status

Question 77

A scientist says the following: "As a child,my parents always encouraged me to ask questions.I think they enjoyed seeing me learn about new things.This is likely why I am so curious today." According to the text,what would this statement most likely indicate about the scientist's parents?

A) They are socially adept parents.
B) They are educated parents.
C) They are working-class parents.
D) They are middle-class parents.

Question 78

Which of the following do schools teach as part of the informal hidden curriculum?

A) objectives
B) conformity
C) lessons
D) self-governance

Question 79

According to the text,why is adolescence a difficult and confusing time?

A) Adults set low expectations for teenagers and treat them like children.
B) Families often have democratic ideals and teenagers can do what they please.
C) Teenagers are torn between parental values and those promoted by their peer group.
D) The mass media encourage freedom for teenagers,and parents reinforce this notion.

Question 80

Scott was born in 1991 and takes great offense when his mother labels his behaviours as being typical for an individual from the "Generation Me" group.What other designation could Scott's mom use that would still be accurate but that Scott might find less offensive?

A) silent generation
B) greatest generation
C) Millenial
D) Generation X