Deck 20: Globalization

Question 1

Top-down globalization describes the actions of groups that criticize the injustices that result from globalization processes.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Corporations fail when it comes to using social dissent to sell more consumer products.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The International Monetary Fund was developed in 1995 as a result of the Global Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The term "majority world" references countries in which the population is generally well educated and has access to good jobs and public goods such as health care.

Question 5

Cultural imperialism is often associated with liberal values around sexuality,feminism,and secularism.

Question 6

According to food scholars,what would be the outcome if the entire world adopted North American food habits?

A) a world-wide obesity rate of more than 40% within seven years
B) a shortage of drinking water within two years
C) a depletion of fossil fuel reserves within seven years
D) a marked increase in global surface temperatures within two years

Question 7

Globalization is objectively defined as the spread of what is good in America,such as a liberal approach to business and McDonald's.

Question 8

The reclaiming of public space and challenging the inequalities generated by capitalism was the core focus of the Occupy Wall Street movement.

Question 9

Which phenomenon is particular to the operation of the International Monetary Fund from the 1980s onward?

A) protectionist policies in developing economies
B) wage labour restrictions
C) the Global Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
D) structural adjustment policies

Question 10

The current phase of global time-space compression is similar in form to previous historical periods of steamships and the telegraph,but is now occurring at a more extreme pace.

Question 11

In 2011,a new Kentucky Fried Chicken location opened in China every 18 hours.While served with rice instead of fries,the fried chicken remains the focus of the meal.Which global phenomenon is this an example of?

A) global gourmet
B) cultural imperialism
C) culinary expansion
D) global dietary shift

Question 12

Cuba's agricultural system was forced to adopt more sustainable methods after the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the U.S.economy.

Question 13

Reductions in corporate taxes reduced federal revenues in Canada by an estimated $13 billion in 2012-2013.

Question 14

Neoliberal economic policies are aimed at increasing state spending and regulation in order to create a more liberal and equitable society.

Question 15

Which of the following is a feature of globalization from below?

A) demands for greater environmental regulations around the globe
B) praise by many groups for the expansion of capitalism into developing countries
C) embracing and accepting any and all forms of globalization
D) capitalist pressure to reduce workers' rights in the global economy

Question 16

Time-space compression is a relatively recent phenomenon-occurring as a result of computer technology and the development of the Internet.

Question 17

Naomi Klein's book No Logo was based on the simple thesis that the more corporate brands expanded globally,the more resistance their presence would stimulate.

Question 18

The biggest U.S.export category consists of mass-produced products of popular culture.

Question 19

Globalization is inherently neither good nor bad,but the consequences of globalization do affect human lives and the environment.

Question 20

What is the concept of neoliberalism?

A) new members of a political party
B) humanitarian work done by the United Nations
C) faith in the market and a retreat from state spending
D) individuals who are part of social movements of liberation

Question 21

According to the Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives (2014),how much more than the average Canadian worker did the average CEO earn in 2012?

A) 51 times more
B) 71 times more
C) 151 times more
D) 171 times more

Question 22

Part of the globalized economy involves financial capital,a sector that has grown faster than production and trade and is based largely on speculation.What label has been given to the rise of financial capital?

A) global capitalism
B) commodification
C) neoliberalism
D) casino capitalism

Question 23

The government of a country is trying to meet the debt payment requirements imposed by the International Monetary Fund.Policies are introduced that open up the economy to global corporations that will pay government fees and taxes,rather than encouraging local companies to expand.This situation solves the immediate problems concerning debt payments,but hurts local businesses and citizens in the longer run.According to the text,which aspect of globalization is this situation an example of?

A) global prioritization
B) democratic deficit
C) secondary citizenry
D) global taxation

Question 24

Hasan loves bananas,but his mother is a globally conscious consumer and does not like to buy them.She tells Hasan that he should eat more apples because they can be bought from a farm down the road.According to Hasan's mother,what does purchasing a banana waste?

A) food miles
B) global food supplies
C) fossil fuels
D) calories

Question 25

According to the text,which statement best describes globalization?

A) It is associated with a global decline in consumerism.
B) It is part of dynamic top-down and bottom-up forces.
C) It is conventionally dated from the 2000s onward.
D) It is a process connected to a global surge in nationalism.

Question 26

What have observers pondered in light of increasing corporate strength?

A) Analysts note that their national governments have responded by placing more restrictions on the corporations.
B) Some analysts feel that the corporations' ability to produce goods has been hampered.
C) Analysts believe the corporations' ability to provide higher quality consumer goods to more people has increased.
D) Many analysts have begun to wonder if globalization means the end of the state system.

Question 27

Which of the following examples supports the theory of U.S.cultural imperialism?

A) the size and strength of Bollywood filmmaking
B) the 2005 UNESCO Convention on Cultural Diversity
C) the presence of American fast-food corporations throughout the world
D) the use of patents and copyrights to protect U.S.inventions and literature

Question 28

Mike is a graduate student working toward a PhD in sociology.For his graduate thesis he is researching the digital divide.What will be the focus of his paper?

A) inequality of access to advanced forms of electronic communication
B) the increased cost of doing business with computer technology
C) the unprecedented access to computers
D) new technological business methods used for opinion polling

Question 29

Which statement does NOT accurately describe neoliberalism?

A) Neoliberalism has been spreading globally.
B) Neoliberalism places great emphasis on "individual responsibility."
C) Neoliberalism is associated with the privatization of state resources.
D) Neoliberalism advocates more government regulations.

Question 30

Stella likes the latte served by Starbucks,but when she buys a cup of coffee she prefers to support local businesses and goes to the family-owned shop on the corner.What is this Stella's small contribution to?

A) global brand backlash
B) local consumption
C) consumption considerations
D) global consumption protest

Question 31

A young couple went to China to teach English as a foreign language and were discovered by a marketing agent who was selling Western-style wedding packages.Soon they were featured on billboards and in magazines,and the company's sales skyrocketed as many young Chinese couples ditched a traditional wedding in favour of what was being advertised.According to the text,what term refers to this process?

A) backlash
B) cultural imperialism
C) westernization
D) globalization

Question 32

In Thailand,a peasant woman has moved to the city to work in a garment sweatshop;she is paid a fraction of what a Canadian worker would make,and even her supervisor and the plant manager would be paid less than their Canadian counterparts.What term applies to these labourers?

A) segmentation of labour markets
B) colonization of labour services
C) mobilization of ethnic labourers
D) separation of the labour pool

Question 33

What is the largest contributor to greenhouse gas emissions?

A) individual car usage
B) agricultural production
C) air-conditioning use
D) air travel

Question 34

Where are the movies made that are most likely to be featured in a Canadian movie theatre?

A) Denmark
B) Canada
C) Britain
D) the United States

Question 35

After reading a newspaper article about yet another bank collapse in the United States,Bill's grandpa asserted,"It's no wonder-when the capital development of a country becomes a by-product of the activities of bookies and speculators,things are bound to fall apart." What term in the text would apply to grandpa's point of view?

A) stockbroker capitalism
B) mafia capitalism
C) casino capitalism
D) industrial capitalism

Question 36

Cassandra believes that she should not buy X Brand clothing because the company does not treat its workers well.However,she loves the styles,so every few months she visits the local store and purchases a few items.What kind of consumer is Cassandra NOT being?

A) ethical
B) global
C) political
D) savvy

Question 37

Globalization allows nations to share cultural products (such as television shows);as a result,there are Canadian Idol,American Idol,and British Idol singing competitions-each with its own qualities.Which term is used to identify this phenomenon?

A) unique cultural hybrid
B) cultural backlash
C) corporate monopoly
D) global consumer

Question 38

Which statement best describes how people live around the world?

A) Almost half the world's people live off the land and subsist mainly on what they produce.
B) Globalization has created the export of products and food to nearly 90 percent of people.
C) Because of globalization,only 20 percent of the world's people still live off the land.
D) Because of globalization,75 percent of the world's people are wage labourers.

Question 39

Samuel was a business student taking a mandatory sociology class for his degree.What would he say if asked to explain one area of focus of neoliberal policies?

A) the reduction of individual responsibility for one's health and education
B) to increase spending by,and social responsibility of,the state
C) the reduction of state control and regulation of domestic capital markets
D) to increase protection for workers and the environment

Question 40

What percentage of world water usage is for irrigation?

A) 30
B) 50
C) 70
D) 80

Question 41

Teena was grocery shopping with her friend Stacey and in the coffee section saw the label "fair-trade" coffee.When she asked Stacey what it meant,what did Stacey reply?

A) It's a public reaction to a 30-year increase in coffee prices.
B) It's an example of globalization from above.
C) It's an attempt to bring the cheapest coffee prices to market.
D) It's an attempt to improve the livelihood of coffee growers.

Question 42

Suzanne was astounded when she found out that the worldwide company that makes her favourite ice cream,chocolate bars,and the baby formula she buys for her newborn also makes dog and cat food and produces soaps and laundry detergents.What name is given to this type of company?

A) diversified transnational corporation
B) expansive food corporation
C) nutrition,health,and wellness company
D) specialized international organization

Question 43

Claudia is a farmer who is concerned about global food shortages.She is interested in growing crops that are drought resistant in order to meet the global demand for grain.However,others are protesting her decision,believing that this type of seed will cause more harm in the long term than good in the short term.What is at the heart of this debate?

A) the price of beef
B) genetic modification
C) carbon emissions
D) food kilometres

Question 44

Which type of activist would be involved in top-down globalization?

A) agricultural workers in the global south who are employed by Western companies
B) groups promoting globalized capitalism and free trade
C) social protesters who want to stop the spread of corporations around the world
D) angry consumers boycotting specific products that they think are too expensive

Question 45

According to British researchers,if all farms in Britain used organic farming techniques,how much would be saved in environmental costs?

A) an estimated $500 million
B) an estimated $1.1 billion
C) an estimated $3 billion
D) an estimated $5.4 billion

Question 46

Maria's friends are always inviting her to go shopping and are getting upset with her continuous,"No,I don't really need anything" answer.When her best friend takes her aside and offers to loan her money,Maria asserts,"I have money,but people continuously buying things just so they can own more and more 'stuff' is ecologically damaging and I refuse to be part of the problem." What type of shopper is Maria?

A) casual shopper
B) ethical shopper
C) political shopper
D) anti-shopper

Question 47

What is one conclusion that can be drawn about the effectiveness of protests by consumers against popular brands or label-branded products?

A) Protest is now accepted as a proven technique for dealing with powerful corporations.
B) Protest is controversial because some producers are commodifying the protests for profit.
C) Protest is considered illegal in many countries.
D) Protest is considered a form of unfair trade.

Question 48

When Kathryn lived abroad in 1985 she would mail a letter to her parents.A response to that letter would come by mail two weeks later.In 2005,when Kathryn lived abroad again,she would send an email to her parents and get a response back from them within the hour.Which of the following is this change in communications NOT an example of?

A) time-space compression
B) technological improvements
C) globalization
D) capitalist growth

Question 49

The International Monetary Fund lends money to countries in need on condition that the borrower follows a mandatory package of reforms that allow for the intensification of free markets.What are these arrangements known as?

A) structural adjustment programmes
B) Global Agreement on Loans and Trade
C) bad debt schemes
D) re-organization plans

Question 50

What has been the net effect of the World Trade Organization,the International Monetary Fund,and the World Bank on the world's democracies?

A) protectionist trade policies among the democracies
B) the creation of a democratic deficit
C) more democratic nations worldwide
D) a balanced and diverse economy among the democracies

Question 51

At a dinner party,Franco was asked what he did for a living.He laughingly replied,"I'm employed in the same sector as 9.8 percent of Canada's workforce." Which of the following would be Franco's job?

A) computer programmer
B) retail store manager
C) assembly line production coordinator
D) high school teacher

Question 52

Which of the following is the most indebted country in the world?

A) China
B) Argentina
C) Mexico
D) United States

Question 53

Which emerging global phenomenon impacts our time-space compression?

A) hybrid cars
B) the Internet
C) common currencies
D) space travel

Question 54

Which consumption and behavioural pattern embodies unsustainable energy trade-offs?

A) eat meat and packaged foods,and drive to work
B) eat fresh fruit,and live in a condominium
C) eat grains,drink clean water,and use buses and bicycles
D) consume unsafe water,and walk to get around

Question 55

A domestic Canadian soft drink company has maximized its sales in Canada,and is now looking to export its product to China,where sales of such Western products are just starting.What way of life is this company exporting along with its soft drinks?

A) imperialism
B) neoliberalism
C) humanism
D) consumerism

Question 56

In class,Shareen was asked to give an example of globalization of production.Which of the following would be her response?

A) Boeing sells jet planes to companies in Japan.
B) Hospitals outsource the reading of x-rays to technicians in India.
C) Caterpillar and Komatsu both sell earthmoving equipment around the globe.
D) Coca-Cola sells their soft drinks around the world.

Question 57

The citizens of Jasper,Alberta protest strongly when a downtown store closes and Walmart attempts to lease the space.The protesters claim that having Walmart on the main street would ruin the town's quaint appeal.What term best describes the behaviour of the protestors?

A) mob behaviour
B) resistance
C) backlash
D) civil unrest

Question 58

Turning off the television,Sara commented to her roommate,"That's a result of International Monetary Fund policies." What had Sara been watching that would make her say this?

A) a report on the social programs being implemented in Nicaragua
B) a documentary of a village in Chile where residents cannot afford water since the privatization of their water system
C) a feature film on the increasing price subsidies and capital market regulations in Uganda
D) a news broadcast that reported a dramatic narrowing of the gap between the rich and poor in Tanzania

Question 59

What is the largest film production industry in the world?

A) Nigeria's Nollywood
B) America's Hollywood
C) Britain's BBC
D) India's Bollywood

Question 60

Students across North America are protesting against Coca-Cola because of accusations that the company has stood by and not taken action against anti-union activity in Columbia.Which aspect of globalization is this kind of protest a part of?

A) global syndicate movement
B) global rights movement
C) demand for global governance
D) demand for corporate accountability

Question 61

Sixty years ago,Evelyn and Alvin were married and they purchased a farm that was seven kilometres from Alvin's parents.Now their children are married and living in various locations around the world-British Columbia,Alaska,and Switzerland.To keep in touch with their grandchildren and great-grandchildren,they've purchased a computer with a webcam and Skype or send emails.What have Evelyn and Alvin experienced over their lifetime?

A) expanding network
B) time-space compression
C) global family
D) time-space continuum

Question 62

According to your text,what percentage of the global population is overweight or obese?

A) less than 20 percent
B) approximately 25 percent
C) nearly 30 percent
D) over 35 percent

Question 63

In an effort to encourage investment,the president of Country X reduced tariffs,making the country more attractive to Company Y,which came in and built a large factory.Company Y used local,cheap labour,but made a product these people could not afford to buy.The product was shipped to Country Z,where citizens could purchase and enjoy the new product.What term refers to this set of relationships between countries?

A) bottom-up globalization
B) top-down globalization
C) global market forces
D) global demand forces

Question 64

In a conversation with his friends,Alex went into depth about the "Washington consensus." What was their discussion about?

A) The need for the U.S.federal government to pursue and prosecute tax evaders.
B) The global promotion of neoliberal policies through the IMF and World Bank headquarters.
C) The U.S.bureau that collects statistical information on the nation's people.
D) The North American Free Trade Agreement signed by Canada,Mexico,and the United States.

Question 65

In class Regan asserts that every country should focus on job creation for all adult citizens.Ronald interjects,"Regan,you're being ethnocentric." Why would Ronald say that?

A) Globalization is increasing both the number of workers and the number of jobs.
B) The number of wage labourers around the world is steadily falling.
C) Almost 50 percent of the world's population makes their living off the land.
D) The number of paid labour jobs in the developed industrial countries is falling.

Question 66

After watching a documentary featuring the lives of Aboriginal people on reserves in Alberta,Will commented that their living conditions reminded him of Luanda,Angola.Despite the money being made by Angola's oil and diamond exports,citizens of Luanda were further marginalized,receiving little benefit from the wealth.What term denotes this process?

A) elimination
B) liberalization
C) peripheralization
D) commodification

Question 67

Prior to the mid-1990s,how much income inequality in Canada was offset by its tax-benefit system?

A) less than 40 percent
B) 50 percent
C) 70 percent
D) more than 80 percent

Question 68

Which statement best reflects the taxation situation of big corporations?

A) They are getting smaller to avoid paying as much in taxes.
B) They are paying higher taxes because they operate in more than one country at a time.
C) They are not paying big taxes generally,and pay less than they used to.
D) They are donating substantial portions as tax write-offs to avoid paying higher taxes.

Question 69

Which of the following is NOT an international financial institution component of "the three sisters"?

A) the International Monetary Fund
B) the World Trade Organization
C) the World Bank
D) the Commerce Institution

Question 70

According to the text,which statement best describes globalization?

A) It is coming to an end in the foreseeable future.
B) There is broad consensus as to its meaning.
C) The term was coined in the late 1990s.
D) It makes the world look and feel smaller.

Question 71

According to trade experts and environmental groups,what is the biggest environmental challenge facing humanity?

A) acid rain
B) rain forest depletion
C) excessive per capita grain production
D) global food system

Question 72

What is a global commodity chain?

A) a form of global trade designed to minimize tariffs for importers of products
B) a global system of stores or franchises,such as McDonald's restaurants
C) a form of marketing with the goal of taking a product to as many countries as possible
D) a worldwide network of labour and production resulting in a finished product

Question 73

Carla learned that the T-shirts being sold for $25 at a soccer match were made in a sweatshop by women making $1 per day.She organized some friends to protest the T-shirt sales and the day became a protest against sweatshops.What other label could we give this protest?

A) global awareness campaign
B) global disruption
C) globalization from above
D) globalization from below

Question 74

What has been a consequence of globalization in Mexico?

A) stagnating wages
B) trade wars
C) increased wages
D) slowing illegal immigration

Question 75

What is the Fourth World concept?

A) the former Soviet Union and other former communist states
B) large populations and geographic areas that are irrelevant to the global economy
C) countries that are even poorer than those placed in the Third World category
D) countries that used to be considered part of the Third World but have moved up

Question 76

According to the text,what has happened to manufacturing jobs in North America since the 1980s?

A) They have steadily increased.
B) They have remained stable.
C) They have been replaced.
D) They have steadily declined.

Question 77

What term is applied to a country such as Western Sahara,Africa,which is a nation characterized by poverty,illiteracy,short life spans,and a weak economy?

A) global glut
B) poor zones
C) Fourth World
D) global south

Question 78

Pam was explaining bottom-up globalization to her friend Adam.Which situation would Pam offer when Adam asked for an example of bottom-up globalization efforts?

A) the Hasty Minute Corporation in the process of expanding its business operations internationally
B) a group of major trade and banking organizations working toward developing a common world currency
C) a group of university students who have created a documentary critiquing a company that utilizes illegal immigrants for cheap labour in order to make more profit
D) the "buy more stuff" movement that is doing its part to promote consumerism and keep people employed

Question 79

When Victor calls for technical support with his computer,he speaks to someone in India.He gets angry about this situation because his brother is a computer wizard,but can't find work here in Canada.What market phenomenon has created this situation?

A) global demand
B) customer care
C) global-local service
D) outsourcing

Question 80

Kristopher was in charge of inventory and realized that his company was producing more product than the market could consume in a year.This was still true despite opening trade with China and India last year.What is the term for this situation?

A) excess global capacity
B) global oversupply
C) diminished global demand
D) global recession