Deck 14: Religion

Question 1

In Canada,we have no effective "moral majority" as is found in the United States.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Shannon was excitedly telling her friends about attending a church service where she felt the presence of God.Mark dismissed her accounting by asserting that what she felt wasn't God,but rather the collective conscience of the people in attendance.Whose perspective of religion had Mark adopted?

A) Karl Marx
B) Émile Durkheim
C) Max Weber
D) Sigmund Freud

Answer 2

B

Question 3

According to the text,when Canadians are asked about actual membership in religious groups,about 30 percent claim to belong to churches.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

What did 2011 National Household Survey reveal about faith affiliations in Canada?

A) Canada is still predominantly Catholic and Protestant.
B) Over 40 percent of Canadians believe in God but have no church affiliation.
C) Nearly 50 percent of Canadians now claim to be atheists.
D) Muslims,Sikhs,Hindus,and Buddhists are numerically dominant.

Question 5

Religious groups tend to more strongly oppose issues that deal with moral innovation.

Question 6

Using national survey polls,Canadian researchers have discovered that the no-religion category appears to be a temporary residence for most people.

Question 7

The Unitarian Church started out as a faith based on Christian theology;over time a group was formed called Universalist Unitarians,whose faith community grew to include more members with pagan beliefs than with Christian beliefs.What term best identifies the distinction between the original group and the second group?

A) church-protest typology
B) church-sect typology
C) original-reformist typology
D) pure-heretical typology

Question 8

Wendy had watched a documentary about the religious traditions of,and the many gods worshiped by,the citizens of the Aztec cities of Tenochtitlan and Tlatelolco.She asserted to a friend "No wonder their civilization failed;everyone knows there's only one true god." How would Wendy's religious belief be classified?

A) ethnocentric
B) monotheist
C) supernaturalist
D) polytheist

Question 9

It has never been the case that religion has challenged North American culture.

Question 10

According to the text,interest in religion and spirituality is currently on the upswing in many parts of the world,including North America.

Question 11

According to recent Canadian research,there is a negative relationship between holding a belief in God and promoting traits such as honesty,concern for others,and politeness.

Question 12

According to the text,religion may one day disappear.

Question 13

The American "civil religion" has contributed to the breaking down of religion in the United States.

Question 14

According to the text,religion is concerned with discovering life's meaning,while humanist perspectives are concerned with making life meaningful.

Question 15

The research findings of Frankel and Hewitt indicate that there is a positive relationship between religious group involvement and good mental health.

Question 16

Today in places such as Iran and the United States,there is an increased fusion between politics and religion.

Question 17

National,regional,and group contexts have no bearing on the religious commitment demonstrated by individuals.

Question 18

Atheist author,lecturer,scientific naturalist,and evolutionary apologist Richard Dawkins gives a lecture in which he espouses the view that humanity was not created by a supernatural being,but that humans can still be moral and have purpose and meaning in their lives.What label best fits Dawkins's views?

A) naturalism
B) animism
C) egocentrism
D) humanism

Question 19

Max Weber believed that religion results in many socially and financially disadvantaged people failing to take an active role in challenging their oppressed status.

Question 20

According to Karl Marx,the idea of religion is inseparable from the idea of the Church.

Question 21

Fernanda's religion encouraged her to lead a life of "peace and harmony," but what she needed to do was to fight for more rights at work,where they were taking advantage of her kind nature.Who would argue that religion blinded Fernanda to other possibilities for change that could bring her happiness?

A) Durkheim
B) Weber
C) Marx
D) Taylor

Question 22

How do Canadian teenagers compare to their parents in terms of religious belief,practice,knowledge,and experience?

A) Teens are somewhat more religious.
B) Teens about equally religious.
C) Teens are somewhat less religious.
D) Teens are much less religious.

Question 23

How would Weber's concept of religious routinization be best described?

A) the growing boredom with,and perceived irrelevance of,religion
B) how a personal following is transformed into a permanent congregation
C) the social and political acceptance of a particular type of religion
D) the cyclical routine of right practices and observances every year

Question 24

Ibrahim was a religious man,but not a rich man.He would sometimes give money to people in the street,and then have no money left to buy food for his dinner.According to Weber,what approach would a researcher have to take in order to understand why Ibrahim gave away his money?

A) interview those Ibrahim saw as less fortunate
B) learn all about Ibrahim's religion
C) put themselves in Ibrahim's shoes
D) understand the power of religion

Question 25

What were the findings of Project Canada about the religiously committed?

A) They differ markedly from others with respect to their interpersonal relationship attitudes.
B) They do not differ significantly from others with respect to their interpersonal attitudes.
C) They are more likely to be more tolerant toward minority groups,deviants,and other religious groups.
D) They are more likely to be less tolerant of others,particularly other religious groups.

Question 26

A friend tells you about his religious behaviours,which he describes as,"I was baptized a Catholic,but I think of myself as an agnostic,and I attend church on special occasions." According to sociologists,what term identifies your friend's description?

A) personal spirituality
B) personal religiosity
C) person-specific supernaturalism
D) buffet-style religiosity

Question 27

Jan stopped attending the church in which she was raised,claiming that the church members were too old fashioned and dull.Her friend,Judson,convinced her to attend a religious meeting with him.Jan soon became a member of this faith community,quickly becoming involved in devotional group sessions prior to service and the twice weekly scripture studies.When asked why she devotes so much time to this group,she replies that the love and support given by the other members keeps her coming back.What aspects of this new faith drew Janice to her conversion?

A) collective spirituality
B) collective religiosity
C) religious solidarity
D) religious integration

Question 28

Who advocated the view that religious ideas are important,regardless of their verifiability?

A) Émile Durkheim
B) Max Weber
C) Auguste Comte
D) Karl Marx

Question 29

The poor people living in the slums of Brazil flock to a variety of religious groups.Some people attend multiple groups regularly (e.g. ,Catholic services and Umbanda [Afro-Christian] ceremonies).What might explain this high participation in religious groups?

A) termination
B) reflection
C) socialization
D) deprivation

Question 30

A number of church members were growing increasingly dissatisfied with their pastor's focus on good works and deeds and numerous community efforts.Consequently,they renounced their membership and started up their own independent group focused on faith development,which attracted even more individuals to join.Adopting the perspective of Weber,what characteristics will develop over time within the smaller group?

A) theological separation
B) spontaneity and enthusiasm
C) routinization and institutionalization
D) faith-oriented work

Question 31

According to Stark and Glock,which of the following is NOT a dimension of religiosity?

A) belief
B) experience
C) knowledge
D) tradition

Question 32

Which thesis reflects the view that religious institutions,actions,and consciousness are declining in Canadian society?

A) rationalization
B) profanity
C) secularization
D) persistence

Question 33

The congregation was facing declining membership and realized that if the trend continued,they would soon be faced with problems paying the mortgage on the building.In order to attract new members,they implemented a variety of programs such as free childcare while parents were attending services,free week-long summer camps for school-aged children of members,and a variety of youth programs throughout the year.What model did this congregation adopt to increase their membership?

A) secular
B) capitalist
C) industrial
D) market

Question 34

Brian,Randy,Kathy,and Pauline were discussing their individual religious beliefs and childhood experiences of weekly service attendance.Diane joined the group and,after listening for a while asserted,"Well it's obvious that you've been socialized into religion." What did Diane mean by that?

A) Religion is genetically encoded;we are "wired for God."
B) Religion is something that must be forced on people.
C) Religion is very much a learned phenomenon.
D) Religion is something we adapt to without much reflection.

Question 35

According to the text,what would it take to get reluctant youths to attend church more often?

A) If their friends were going,they would attend too.
B) It would take a personal relationship with God.
C) It would take a powerful conversion experience.
D) They would attend if they thought it was worthwhile.

Question 36

As Canadians who say they have no religion get a bit older,marry,and have children,what do they report about their religiosity?

A) They become more zealously religious than before.
B) They continue reporting that they have no religious affiliation.
C) They tend to give up on religious backgrounds.
D) They list themselves as being a member of a religion again.

Question 37

Keith was required to write an analysis of religion using the perspective of Émile Durkheim.Which statement would Keith include in his paper?

A) Everything in creation is sacred.
B) Religion is the opiate of the people.
C) Religion is grounded in the ideology of capitalism.
D) The texts of various religions have holy status since they have been designated as sacred.

Question 38

As science has pushed back the boundaries of religious explanation,and as democracy has assumed authority in the state through the rule of law,pushing Church authority further into the background,sociologists have hypothesized a thesis for the Church's waning influence.Which term best frames this theoretical concept?

A) reformation thesis
B) atheism thesis
C) scientific thesis
D) secularization thesis

Question 39

What appears to be a necessary factor in causing religiosity,although it is not enough to cause religiosity on its own?

A) peer pressure
B) socialization
C) daily prayer
D) church attendance

Question 40

Joseph was asked to adopt a Marxist perspective of religion and apply it to answering the question "When will societal suffering end?" Which of the following would be Joseph's answer?

A) when fewer citizens are interested in and involved with religious organizations
B) when citizens in the society stopped using religion as a crutch for their lives
C) when more citizens become church goers and live their beliefs in the community
D) when political leaders make policies based on religious beliefs

Question 41

According to the text,there are recent signs of modest religious rejuvenation in Canada.What does this reflect?

A) internal renewal of established religions
B) growth of new religious movements
C) decline of longstanding groups
D) switching from one group to another

Question 42

According to the text,what must religious groups do to achieve their formal goals?

A) They must establish norms and roles for their members.
B) They must compete with other religions for members.
C) They must exhibit miracles to strengthen faith.
D) They must establish how prophecies have been fulfilled.

Question 43

Since the early Protestant Reformation there have been,and continue to be,schisms.Most recently one Protestant faith has had a split over the ordination of gay ministers.What term do sociologists give to this unfolding process of creating new Protestant faiths?

A) sectarianism
B) faith splintering
C) denominationalism
D) church fissioning

Question 44

What did Marx mean when he referred to religion as the "opiate of the people"?

A) Religion soothes the disadvantaged like a narcotic,blinding them to social inequalities.
B) Once committed to religion,one cannot escape its soothing clutches.
C) The satisfaction derived from religion is very intense,something like a narcotic.
D) The effect of religion is due to the religious feeling itself,not the church or organization.

Question 45

Mindy works in a factory to support herself,her three children,and her sometimes violent husband who is unemployed due to his abuse of alcohol.To cope with the stress and conflict of her life,Mindy spends her little spare time memorizing Bible verses that promise rewards in the afterlife.Who would argue that Mindy's belief is preventing her from breaking out of this situation?

A) Taylor
B) Weber
C) Durkheim
D) Marx

Question 46

At the dinner table,a heated conversation centred on a discussion of the worldwide effects of religion.When the meal was over,Mario's parting comment was,"Well that's the paradox of religious life." What did Mario mean?

A) A soul can be both redeemed and damned.
B) Belief exists without rational verification.
C) Religious life is both true and false.
D) Religious life can both enrich and destroy social life.

Question 47

Susan went to church with her family every week when she lived at home.After moving out to attend university,Susan rarely went to church and began to question some of the principles of her religion.According to the text,what could be a primary factor leading to her new attitude toward her religion?

A) her increased education
B) the collective nature of religion
C) her increased distance from family
D) the disjuncture between education and religion

Question 48

According to Weber,which influence can the moral tone that infused the rise of capitalism in Europe be traced back to?

A) the edicts of the Roman Catholic Church
B) ungodly,atheist,and material aspirations
C) the ideas of the Protestant Reformation
D) the religious persecution of the Jews

Question 49

According to the text,what trend is evident among U.S.mega-churches?

A) They have not been able to compete with TV evangelists.
B) They have been closing and their properties are being sold.
C) They can no longer make ends meet because of poor attendance.
D) They make it more difficult for smaller congregations to attract members.

Question 50

However personal our religious beliefs may be,what can we conclude about personal religiosity?

A) It represents another form of spirituality.
B) It is something that arises later in adult life.
C) It is highly dependent on collective religiosity.
D) It depends upon supernatural experience.

Question 51

Abimbola's father refused to attend church services with his family because he believed that church goers were the most racist and prejudiced group of people in society.According to Gorsuch and Aleshire,what would Abimbola assert?

A) I agree,Dad;all attendees are racially prejudiced.
B) Dad,not all are prejudiced,but most are.
C) Dad,it's only the church members who don't attend services who are racist and prejudiced.
D) Dad,the people who are marginally involved tend to be more racist and prejudiced.

Question 52

According to sociological research,which of the following would cause occasional church attendees to attend more often?

A) offering proof that God actually exists
B) a church that aims to promote world peace
C) having better relationships with family members
D) promoting greater tolerance and inclusiveness

Question 53

According to the text,which of the following formed part of Marx's thinking about religion?

A) Religion deprives the masses of equal participation in capitalism.
B) Religion is a necessary opiate for the poor and disadvantaged.
C) Capitalism does not need religion;religion needs capitalism.
D) Religion should be an integral component of a socialist society.

Question 54

Since the 1980s,which group has contributed most of the growth to Hindu,Sikh,Muslim,and Buddhist groups in Canada?

A) youth
B) Canadian-born baby boomers
C) Western Canadians
D) immigrants

Question 55

What kind of model sees religious groups competing for parishioners as similar to companies?

A) secular
B) capitalist
C) market
D) industrial

Question 56

Janice decided to leave the church she was raised in because the membership were preoccupied with the traditions of generations past and refused to evolve with the times.She then converted to a group that called itself a faith community where she,as a single mother,felt supported and loved.What aspects of this new faith drew Janice to her conversion?

A) collective spirituality
B) collective religiosity
C) religious solidarity
D) religious integration

Question 57

According to the text,what is the usual focus when researchers study the "success" of religion in Canada?

A) attendance,membership,and finances
B) religiosity and spirituality of members
C) media penetration and coverage of religious services
D) personal testimonials of church members

Question 58

Damian loved going to church because it made him feel part of something larger than himself.Whose approach to religion explains why Damian felt this way?

A) Durkheim
B) Weber
C) Marx
D) Taylor

Question 59

Starting with Émile Durkheim,which statement would most social scientists include in a description of personal religiosity?

A) Personal religiosity is moderately dependent on collective religiosity.
B) Personal religiosity is weakly connected to collective religiosity.
C) Personal religiosity is highly dependent on collective religiosity.
D) Personal religiosity is unrelated to collective religiosity.

Question 60

According to the text,what is a religious sect?

A) It is a segment of an established religion consisting of very devout members.
B) It is a religious group that is more humanist than religious in its perspective.
C) It is a religious group that has broken away from an established religion.
D) It is a portion of the clergy,such as ministers,monks,deacons,or elders.

Question 61

Over time,what has religion shown that it can do locally,nationally,and globally?

A) It can cause wars and disharmony,and tear people apart,removing the potential for peaceful resolutions.
B) It can contribute to the advancement of knowledge,but at the expense of peace.
C) It can bring people together and tear them apart.
D) It offers a path to peace,always bringing people together.

Question 62

What religious/sociological thesis suggests that industrialization and postmodernity have contributed to the decline of religions?

A) secularization
B) human capital
C) protestant
D) vertical mosaic

Question 63

Who wrote The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism?

A) Karl Marx
B) Max Weber
C) Talcott Parsons
D) Émile Durkheim

Question 64

According to the text,what happened to some smaller independent evangelical groups with the advent of industrialization,increased prosperity,and stability?

A) They merged together to form larger congregations.
B) They evolved into denominations themselves.
C) They experienced further fracturing and splintering.
D) They broke away from the main church.

Question 65

Elaine,a devout Catholic,was apprehensive about letting her 18-year-old son attend university.When her colleague Jodi asked why,she exclaimed,"My friends have told me that once their children returned home with a degree,they totally renounced the teachings of the Church." How would Jodi respond if she used the conclusion found in the text with respect to religiosity and individuals who have acquired a university education?

A) University-educated people are more religious.
B) More university-educated people report being agnostics.
C) People with degrees are likely to be atheists.
D) University education is not related to less religiosity.

Question 66

Jason had very devout Catholic parents,went to catechism lessons,and received the sacraments,but when he moved out on his own he rejected his religious habits and claimed to be an atheist.What does this say about socialization and religion?

A) Internalized norms are at the heart of religious beliefs.
B) Socialization is both a necessary and a sufficient cause of religiosity.
C) There would be no religion if children weren't socialized into it.
D) Socialization is a necessary but not a sufficient cause of religiosity on its own.

Question 67

While researching for his term paper,Jordan found studies which demonstrated that the numbers of people claiming no religious affiliation was growing over the years.But what perplexed him was the research that showed the numbers of people claiming religious affiliation were growing as well.What term describes this coincidental growth in both the pro-religion and no-religion categories?

A) secularization phenomenon
B) religious polarization
C) religiosity divide
D) spiritual renewal and decay

Question 68

Justin believes that his god has helped him through many of life's trials.He attends religious services every week,prays numerous times a day,discusses his knowledge of scripture readings with his friends and family,and shares with them the glories of the afterlife.According to Stark and Glock,which of the following is NOT a dimension of Justin's religiosity?

A) his belief in a loving and caring god helping him in times of need
B) his integration of prayer times throughout the day
C) his religious knowledge and belief in an afterlife
D) his dedication to attending religious services

Question 69

What was a consequence of the decision by the United Church of Canada to ordain homosexual ministers?

A) It has made it a church with a majority of homosexual members.
B) It resulted in the loss of a sizable number of dissenting members.
C) It became a precedent that churches of other denominations soon followed.
D) It greatly increased the number of church members.

Question 70

Which of the following would be classified as ranking high in religiosity by early researchers in the sociology of religion?

A) Susan,who identifies herself as a Christian,and attended church every Sunday as a child,but stopped going once she got married
B) Jack,who every week attends a different religious service in order to learn more about world religions
C) John,a member of a Protestant church,who does not attend regularly since the service time conflicts with his volunteering at the local food bank
D) Pauline,who never attended a religious service as a child,but has since become a member of her husband's church and goes with him almost every Sunday even though she considers it to be a waste of time

Question 71

When Monique moved away from home,she became friends with many practising Muslims.With their encouragement,she left her family's religion and began to follow the Muslim faith.Which factor did the influence of her new friends contribute to that could have influenced her decision to change her religious practices?

A) socialization
B) reflection
C) deprivation
D) termination

Question 72

According to the text,which of the following is an example of a "civil religion"?

A) Eastern Confucianism
B) Islamic democracies
C) Marxist-Leninist philosophy
D) the American Way of Life

Question 73

A television interviewer has a mullah of the Muslim faith debating with a priest of the Catholic faith.The two disagree on the basic concept of God.The mullah claims that the Catholic Church worships many gods,as embodied in the Holy Trinity,whereas Muslims have only one God.What religious concept is at the heart of this debate?

A) sectarianism
B) monotheism
C) pantheism
D) universalism

Question 74

In comparison to Canada,the United States is seen as being ostentatiously nationalistic.Americans ritualistically perform pledges of national allegiance,troop the colours,wave the flag,sing the national anthem,and celebrate national holidays.What term best helps us distinguish their fervour and national pride from Canadian's more modest displays of national pride?

A) civil religion
B) civil pride
C) national faith
D) national spirit

Question 75

An ambitious Pentecostal minister starts out with a small congregation,and develops a business plan to grow his congregation.Over time,this dynamic leader builds his church into a mega-faith venture with a converted stadium that holds 16,000 faithful.While the overall rate of church attendance in his community has declined,he has greatly increased attendance.What concept best explains his church's growth?

A) charismatic ministry
B) persistence thesis
C) religious revival
D) business thesis

Question 76

Which theoretical approach explains why certain kinds of people become suicide bombers?

A) brainwashing theories
B) conspiracy theories
C) structural theories
D) deprivation theories

Question 77

Which of the following was used as a measure of religiosity in much of the early work in the sociology of religion?

A) baptisms
B) martyrdoms
C) attendance numbers
D) miracles

Question 78

One person at a community meeting was heard to say,"We don't mind if they practise their religion,but we don't want their religious centre in our town." Which societal consequence of religious diversity in Canada is this statement an example of?

A) oppression
B) criminality
C) growth
D) hostility

Question 79

How did Durkheim refer to the supernatural elements of religions?

A) sacred
B) profane
C) secular ritualism
D) false consciousness

Question 80

How would Émile Durkheim describe the way the faithful experience religion and the supernatural?

A) a real experience of social origin and socially created gods
B) an experience constructed out of mythology
C) something made up of an assemblage of historical facts
D) a self-delusional experience created out of people's beliefs