Deck 13: Education

Question 1

Educational systems that are based on sponsored mobility allow for a greater number of youth to access higher educational opportunities.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Despite the efforts of many educators and enacted policies,women are still lagging behind men on most measures of education attainment.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

According to Dr.Howard Gardner,the traditional view of intelligence,as measured by IQ testing,is an inadequate and narrow model of human potential.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

A new immigrant to Canada attends high school and finds that his choices for course selection are wide open compared to his home country,where students are separated into highly specialized secondary schools.What term best defines this Canadian school structuring?

A) open curriculum
B) contest mobility
C) optional curriculum
D) sponsored mobility

Question 5

In the past,high prestige was attached to humanistic fields (such as philosophy and English),but this has changed in favour of powerful professions such as medicine,law,and business.

Question 6

According to Durkheim,moral education is a prime societal tool for combating the rising culture of individualism.

Question 7

After graduation,three friends from high school all continued their education,but in different schools.When they met up 10 years later,one was a doctor,one was a teacher,and one was a car mechanic.According to the text,which aspect of education would Marxists argue this illustrates?

A) Schools teach students to be compliant.
B) Schools are multifaceted.
C) Schools reward hard work.
D) Schools reflect workplace hierarchies.

Question 8

Research consistently indicates that education does pay because people with more years of schooling earn higher wages and have better employment.

Question 9

Rooted in the ideas of John Dewey,the concept of progressive pedagogy is based on nurturing intrinsic forms of motivation and the engagement of students in the learning process.

Question 10

According to the text,how have sociologists interpreted the obsession of young people with physical appearance?

A) It is a hindrance and distraction to learning,which supports the use of school uniforms.
B) It is a by-product of their relative immaturity and lack of taste in style,clothing,etc.
C) It is a response to adolescent social conditions that leave them little other power or choice.
D) It is merely a stage of socialization many children go through that eventually passes.

Question 11

There is no evidence that private schools offer higher quality schooling than regular public schools do.

Question 12

Canadians rate our public schools favourably and believe that teachers and principals do a very good job.

Question 13

Due to a recent recession and skyrocketing unemployment rates,a whole generation of youth have adopted a pessimistic outlook on the value of education.These youth have gathered together to develop a nihilistic subculture,protesting that educational achievement and the adoption of meritocratic values are of little use given the economic situation of the country.What is the consequence of resistance for many of these youth?

A) It reinforces the class structure and blocks upward mobility and life chances.
B) It produces reactions from social control mechanisms and many youth are jailed.
C) It delays the maturation of these individuals and they get a late start in life.
D) It sets off a rash of self-destructive behaviour full of drug taking and suicide.

Question 14

As indicated in the text,schooling and education is arguably the most powerful agent of socialization.

Question 15

In comparison with European countries,Canadian education has been quite restrictive and inflexible.

Question 16

Children of economically disadvantaged households fare just as well in school as children from affluent home environments.

Question 17

Educational attainment for youth from all class backgrounds has steadily declined over the past half-century.

Question 18

Females in Canada drop out of high school in greater numbers,graduate less often,and fail to enter universities more often in comparison with their male counterparts.

Question 19

In a classroom discussion on education,Chandra extols the virtues of schools and how they promote the values that are integral to a universal and meritocratic society.Which sociological perspective has Chandra adopted?

A) structural-functionalist
B) conflict
C) symbolic interactionist
D) social inegalitarianist

Question 20

The hidden curriculum refers to students learning the skills and knowledge sets in certain courses that teachers secretly want their students to know.

Question 21

Which form of educational organization has youths grouped into the same school and exposed to the same curriculum,and has relatively large numbers directed to higher education?

A) status striving
B) elite mobility
C) contest mobility
D) mass education

Question 22

In a conversation with his mother,Abdul is pleading to be transferred to a different school,arguing that his current school racializes minority students.When asked to explain,what would Abdul say?

A) The school's curriculum specifically details how teachers intervene when racism occurs.
B) The school has policies that do not consider the disadvantages experienced by minority students.
C) The school does not have any multicultural events planned for in the curriculum.
D) Minority group students are given special status and privileges not given to other classmates,and then they are targeted by the nonminority students for being "special."

Question 23

When Ada attended high school in the 1950s,home economics was a course offered for female students while male students were allowed to take wood shop and auto mechanics.What term describes this course arrangement?

A) gender expression
B) deterministic curriculum
C) gender traditionalism
D) practical training

Question 24

According to the text,what are the progressive attitudes associated with education?

A) getting students directly involved in grassroots social activism
B) support of civil liberties,appreciation of ethnic diversity,and social justice
C) increased respect for religious morality,particularly in Christianity
D) emphasizing math and science to promote our global competitiveness

Question 25

Which statement best reflects a structural-functionalist view of school functions?

A) Schools transmit universal social values such as individual rights and equality.
B) Schools are designed along the lines of an open curriculum,and encourage cooperation.
C) Schools are said to promote cooperation among students,not competition.
D) Schools operate on the principle that those with the least ability are rewarded.

Question 26

Whose work provides the basis for progressive pedagogy?

A) Karl Marx
B) John Dewey
C) Howard Gardner
D) Randall Collins

Question 27

What does the term progressive pedagogy mean?

A) It is the basis for the grade system,streaming,and competitiveness of our educational system.
B) It is based on the idea of a highly structured learning environment where regimented tasks are instructed.
C) It means that education should help a student progress and succeed toward a desired career goal.
D) It means that schooling should be less structured and should aim to nurture qualities intrinsic to each student.

Question 28

Kendra worked hard in high school and was accepted into her university of choice.In contrast,Zelda did not always work in high school and after graduation was not accepted into any university.Which aspect of the school selection processes would structural-functionalists say this illustrates?

A) The hardest working are rewarded.
B) Homework is beneficial.
C) University is not for everyone.
D) Your future should not be taken for granted.

Question 29

When did governments across Canada give public high schools the mandate to retain as many youth for as many years possible as a result of seeing education as increasingly necessary for economic prosperity and the development of individual citizens?

A) in the late 1800s
B) immediately after World War I
C) in the midst of the Great Depression
D) following World War II

Question 30

Keisha,a bright and hardworking student,was in her guidance counsellor's office discussing course selection.Keisha's dream was to be a doctor,but the counsellor,knowing that she was being raised by a sole-support parent,discussed the practicality of her taking courses that would get her into a good college to become a nurse's aide.As a result,Keisha left the office with a course schedule of college-designated courses.Which statement best describes what transpired?

A) Keisha was streamed into college entrance.
B) Keisha was making wise and practical decisions.
C) Keisha was keeping all her postsecondary options open.
D) Keisha was a victim of sponsored mobility.

Question 31

Hans,an exchange student from Germany,was describing his elementary and high school years to his Canadian classmates.At the age of 11,he and his classmates had to write a qualifying exam and those who passed (and he was one of them)were allowed entrance into the Gymnasium and those who did not pass went to the Hauptschule.In his final year,he wrote the Abitur exam and went on to university,while Hauptschule students went on to vocational studies.What term describes Hans' educational arrangement?

A) meritocratic mobility
B) sponsored mobility
C) elite integration
D) contest mobility

Question 32

Which of the following more closely approximates a total institution?

A) boarding school
B) university
C) public school
D) online education

Question 33

What does the text conclude about the Maclean's magazine Canadian university rankings?

A) They are not taken very seriously by university administrators.
B) They create an artificial image of hierarchy among universities.
C) They provide the standard of excellence among our universities.
D) Rankings have a lot of legitimate prestige associated with them.

Question 34

When comparing males and females in education,which statement is most accurate?

A) Today women surpass men on most measures of educational attainment.
B) Females now drop out of high school in greater numbers than males.
C) Males have surpassed females on most measures of educational attainment.
D) Women dominate traditional male domains of math and computer science.

Question 35

Jill believes that present-day education has become totally rationalized.Which statement would she assert as support of her argument?

A) Schooling beyond a certain age is suitable only for those with academic skills.
B) Standardized course curriculum and testing has become the mantra of school officials and policymakers.
C) Schools are becoming less institutionalized,more cooperative,and less competitive.
D) Schools should be for everyone equally and streaming is counterproductive.

Question 36

Which group of children will fare better in school because of an advantaged home environment?

A) immigrant children
B) affluent children
C) intelligent children
D) Asian children

Question 37

Danielle was admitted to a very prestigious elementary school because her father was on the board of directors.With this education,she was admitted to a private high school whose graduates are accepted into the "best" universities,ensuring a strong educational base for a prestigious professional career.What has Danielle experienced?

A) sponsored mobility
B) contest mobility
C) access to stratified education
D) selected advancement

Question 38

Riverview College School is a private co-ed boarding school attended by those who can afford the $45,000 annual tuition.Which statement best identifies how this school works as a powerful socializer of dominant class values?

A) It is an elite institution.
B) It is an institution that promotes gender equality.
C) It is an institute for the privileged.
D) It is a total institution.

Question 39

According to the text,which statement best illustrates a conclusion made about a comparison of males and females in education today?

A) There are higher numbers of men going to university.
B) There are higher numbers of women going to university.
C) Men and women attend university at similar rates.
D) Participation is at 50 percent for both men and women.

Question 40

According to the text,what conclusion can be made regarding measured learning and inequality in education?

A) Schooling reinforces and reproduces racial and ethnic inequalities between groups.
B) Schools do not reinforce,reduce,or maintain learning or socioeconomic inequalities.
C) Schools act as equalizers along socioeconomic lines-at least while school is in session.
D) Schooling reinforces and reproduces socioeconomic inequalities among students.

Question 41

Even though females are enrolled in postsecondary education in greater numbers than males,many still find themselves being guided toward education leading to nursing,social work,and education careers.What term best identifies the reinforcement of these roles for women?

A) job typing
B) gender traditionalism
C) nurturing primordialism
D) job coaxing

Question 42

Sylvia argues that the very design of mass public schooling ensures that people who are born disadvantaged remain disadvantaged.Which sociological perspective provides the basis for Sylvia's argument?

A) neoconservative
B) human capital theory
C) neo-Marxist
D) structural-functionalist

Question 43

An academically proficient woman of working-class background goes to university on financially plentiful scholarships and while there she meets her future partner,who is connected to the upper echelons of Canada's Foreign Service.They marry and she eventually becomes a senior government bureaucrat.According to the text,how has her education helped her career?

A) Educational qualifications helped her overcome the stigma attached to being a woman in a male field.
B) Her opportunities were enhanced by the type of social networks that university opened to her.
C) Scholarships form part of an affirmative action approach,levelling the playing field for the disadvantaged.
D) Meritocracy worked in this instance,where a gifted person otherwise would have languished.

Question 44

In the 1960s,what percentage of Canadian university graduates were women?

A) 10
B) 25
C) 50
D) 58

Question 45

When it comes to boys and girls in the classroom,boys consistently have more conflict with teachers because they talk out of turn,show up late,don't do their homework,and act out in class.According to sociologists,which term best describes the part of schooling that boys have problems with?

A) structured order
B) hidden curriculum
C) school discipline
D) code of conduct

Question 46

Trina,adopting a functionalist perspective,would argue which of the following to be a function of schooling that results in a benefit to society?

A) Schools are a place where obedience to authority is established.
B) Schools are necessary for religious indoctrination due to a societal loss of a moral compass.
C) Schooling results in students internalizing traditional societal values.
D) Schooling results in people becoming more progressive,tolerant,and willing to embrace diversity.

Question 47

At a parent-teacher meeting,parents adamantly defend their son's faults in math and science and criticize the school system for not addressing his natural gifts in performing arts.Which concept are the parents embracing?

A) educational multiplicity
B) educational flexibility
C) multiple intelligences
D) multiple aptitudes

Question 48

Racial and ethnic patterns of educational attainment show a large variation among minority populations.Which of the following does NOT account for this variation?

A) differences in socioeconomic status
B) traditional gender inequality
C) immigration policies
D) colonization

Question 49

Troy and Tabitha are required to apply human capital theory in an analysis of the Canadian education system.Which of the following research questions would they use?

A) Is there a relationship between the students' socioeconomic background and school grades?
B) Is education one of the most capital-intensive organizations in society?
C) Do schools encourage a competitive climate that teaches students to work harder?
D) Does schooling maximize skills and generate wealth for individuals and society?

Question 50

Evelyn starts high school and finds level one courses challenging;instead,she takes a collection of level two and three courses in order to graduate.However,when she goes to apply to university,she can't get admitted because she hasn't taken enough level one courses.What term best describes the consequences for Evelyn's future educational plans?

A) processing
B) sorting
C) prioritizing
D) selection

Question 51

In New Brunswick,early childhood educators have formed an association and,over the years,have pressured governments to set standards for their occupation,including minimum educational requirements.There is now legislation that has addressed many of this lobby group's interests.What term best describes this process?

A) occupational funnelling
B) creeping credentialism
C) credential inflation
D) professionalization

Question 52

According to the text,schools have made progress on many fronts.What statement reflects a criticism?

A) Schools are continuing to promote a religious education.
B) Schools are continuing to reinforce traditional gender roles.
C) Schools are keeping youth out of the labour market.
D) Schools are continuing to promote hidden curriculums.

Question 53

According to the text,what is credential inflation?

A) when increased competition for jobs encourages people to get more diplomas and degrees
B) the rising cost of obtaining a postsecondary education in Canadian universities
C) notions that business/law degrees are more expensive to obtain than a fine arts degree
D) valuing educational degrees earned previously more highly than those earned currently

Question 54

Murray Milner suggests that high-school cliques have status functions that are similar to another form of social structure.What is it?

A) the authority of parents in the family
B) a business organizational flow chart
C) the organization of school employees
D) the inequality of India's caste system

Question 55

Ola wanted to fit in with the "cool crowd" at school,but "cool crowd" members rarely attended class or did well on tests.Ola started mimicking their behaviour despite the harm it would do to his university entrance marks.According to the text,why would he make this choice?

A) Popularity was more important to him.
B) Rule breaking is part of the learning process.
C) Fitting in is part of the student-designed "hidden curriculum."
D) Status is weighted heavily by some universities.

Question 56

Which term describes schooling that rewards talent and a competitive- and achievement-oriented effort?

A) meritocracy
B) hidden curriculum
C) democracy
D) functionalism

Question 57

Raymond was not a strong student in math or English.However,when he took up the flute in music class,he thrived.Ultimately,he became a music teacher.What change in educational approaches made this possible?

A) increased support for artistic courses
B) decreased importance of core subjects
C) change to the "shopping-mall" school
D) accountability for elective courses

Question 58

Researchers have made empirical observations that are replicated time and again,showing that students coming from families with lower socioeconomic status in society are disadvantaged in school completion rates,types of programs,and lower grades.According to sociologists,what do these consistent empirical findings form?

A) status law
B) social law
C) educational law
D) iron law

Question 59

In a comparison of males and females in education,which statement is the most accurate observation?

A) Males have surpassed females on most measures of educational attainment.
B) Women are now overrepresented in several dynamic and high-paying fields.
C) Women are still underrepresented in several dynamic and high-paying fields.
D) Females now drop out of high school in greater numbers than males.

Question 60

Renato arrived in Canada as a child.He worked hard in high school and excelled,receiving high marks in math,English,and science.However,he cannot afford to go to university so he will not be able to pursue his dream of becoming an architect.Instead,he will join his family's business.According to the text,what is Renato's experience an example of?

A) Immigrants rarely go to university.
B) There are many opportunities for success through hard work.
C) Education can create unrealistic goals,often resulting in disappointment.
D) Schools are limited in their power to eliminate inequalities.

Question 61

Shareen took a job teaching Grade 3.She works with other female teachers and one male who is the principal.According to the text,what is this imbalance an example of?

A) the outcome of affirmative action policies
B) an unbiased staffing arrangement
C) an "academic harem"
D) a gendered professional skill set

Question 62

According to the text,what can we conclude about school choice in Canada?

A) It is becoming more standardized.
B) It is becoming less competitive.
C) It restricts student career options.
D) It is growing in a number of ways.

Question 63

Nicole's parents enrolled her in a French immersion school in Ontario,knowing that the program would help her become bilingual.As an adult,Nicole was hired by the federal government because she spoke both French and English.In this example,which of the following can French be seen as?

A) language learning
B) human capital
C) progressive learning
D) a job requirement

Question 64

No one in the Smith family has ever gone to university.Each child is taught the family trade as he or she comes of age.By comparison,the Jones family has three generations of lawyers,all educated at the top university in Canada.This is an example of which neo-Marxist theory?

A) The education system ensures that the family business/profession is continued.
B) The education system ensures equal opportunity for all family members.
C) The education system ensures that the disadvantaged stay disadvantaged.
D) The education system ensures that hard work is rewarded.

Question 65

A Canadian high school student's family moves to a foreign country for a couple of years.The student notices that the system has more specialized schools,which students enter earlier: some for specific vocations,others for academics.What term best defines this country's school structure?

A) interest selection
B) sponsored mobility
C) aptitude selection
D) contest mobility

Question 66

A secondary school district redrafts its curriculum offerings into the following categories leading to graduation: early matriculation for 16-year-olds and late matriculation for trades,technology,and college/university preparation.What term best identifies this school's structuring?

A) self-selection
B) aptitude selection
C) streaming
D) majoring

Question 67

Anton has adopted a Marxist perspective of the education system.Which of the following would he argue is an example of the hidden curriculum in school?

A) lining up to go out for recess
B) giving out homework
C) planning a field trip to a factory
D) treating all students equally

Question 68

Students had to give presentations on what made their ethnic background special so other students would learn to appreciate the differences between them.What does this functionalist lesson plan encourage?

A) progressive learning
B) a meritocracy
C) sponsored mobility
D) total learning

Question 69

Which statement illustrates a trend evidenced in the Canadian education system?

A) Canadian educational facilities are increasingly accessible to the underprivileged.
B) Canada's education system is becoming more egalitarian.
C) Canada may be developing a more pronounced hierarchy in education.
D) Canadian postsecondary institutions are falling behind their American counterparts.

Question 70

Which statement best describes what sociologists call the hidden curriculum?

A) There are rules,procedures,and norms taught to learners as part of their lessons.
B) There are rules,procedures,and norms that shape behaviour without being part of any lessons.
C) There are educational objectives that serve to restrict opportunities for visible minorities.
D) There are educational lessons that provide more opportunities for visible minorities.

Question 71

Tammy was discussing the hidden curriculum in schools with Rachel,when Rachel retorted,"You sound like a Marxist sociologist." What did Tammy say that would garner that response?

A) The hidden curriculum just mirrors capitalist competition and individualism.
B) The hidden curriculum is invaluable for reinforcing the objectives and content of lessons.
C) The hidden curriculum mirrors socialist ideals of fairness and meritocracy.
D) The hidden curriculum is ineffective at creating a disciplined labour force.

Question 72

In which field of study do men predominate as undergraduates?

A) social sciences
B) education
C) mathematics and computer sciences
D) humanities

Question 73

When Abdul wants to ask a question in class,he raises his hand.He learned this social practice in kindergarten,but it still holds true in university.What aspect of education is this an example of?

A) how it teaches us to ask questions
B) how it teaches us to be compliant
C) how it teaches us manners
D) how it teaches us not to speak

Question 74

In a class debate,Bob is required to defend the Marxist position that school is primarily a system designed to reinforce capitalism.Which of the following examples would he give to support his argument?

A) More school time is spent on education,lessons,and learning than on conduct.
B) Schools spend most of their time trying to get students interested in social justice.
C) More school time is about personal conduct and students being orderly than about learning.
D) Educators are preoccupied with promoting issues about the importance of democracy.

Question 75

What was the main moral shift in education after the late 1960s?

A) strict adherence to Christian edicts
B) critical thinking and informed choices
C) less questioning and more obedience
D) providing more Christian moral guidance

Question 76

According to the text,which term best describes the traditional form of education in Canada?

A) identifying
B) streaming
C) selection
D) status

Question 77

The teacher gives her Grade 3 students a star every time they get a perfect score on the weekly spelling test.At the end of the year,the student with the most stars gets a prize.What does this contest teach students the benefits of?

A) hidden curriculum
B) meritocracy
C) iron law of education
D) innate intelligence

Question 78

John's counsellor at high school recommended that he take the lower-level math courses,reducing John's confidence in his mathematical abilities.John wanted to be an astronomer,but now feels he needs to find a new career because astronomers need strong math skills.Which educational practice does this example illustrate a drawback of?

A) streaming
B) hierarchy construction
C) mobilization
D) structuration

Question 79

Which of the following was first involved in the organization of schools in Canada?

A) churches
B) the government
C) corporations
D) the public

Question 80

The thesis for Vanessa's term paper is that schools are stratified in ways that reflect the hierarchies of the workplace inasmuch as they teach youth punctuality,compliance,and how to internalize the orders and expectations of authority figures.Which theoretical perspective is Vanessa using?

A) structural functionalism
B) conflict
C) feminism
D) symbolic interactionism