Deck 15: European Monarchies and Absolutism,1660-1725

Question 1

Louis XIV asserted his authority over the Marquis of Canillac and other nobles who acted independently by:

A)trying and convicting them in courts of law.
B)capturing and imprisoning them.
C)killing them.
D)insisting that their presence was perpetually needed in Paris.
E)declaring war against them.

Answer 1

trying and convicting them in courts of law.

Question 2

In his Two Treatises of Government,John Locke argued that:

A)no group of people has the right to dissolve civil society.
B)wealth should be distributed equally among all members of society.
C)kings should rule society absolutely,as fathers rule households.
D)legitimate government authority is conditional and contractual.
E)the theory upholding the absolute,divine right of kings was unassailable.

Answer 2

legitimate government authority is conditional and contractual.

Question 3

Absolute monarchs developed all of the following institutions to enhance their power EXCEPT:

A)armies.
B)systems to collect taxes.
C)systems of collecting tariffs on trade.
D)representative legislative bodies.
E)customs controls.

Answer 3

representative legislative bodies.

Question 4

The royal finance minister who increased revenues in France during the reign of Louis XIV was:

A)Cardinal Richelieu.
B)Jean-Baptiste Colbert.
C)Cornelius Jansen.
D)John Locke.
E)François Marie Arouet.

Question 5

The new diplomatic goal that emerged in western and central Europe in the mid-seventeenth century was:

A)balance of power politics.
B)resolving disputes through diplomacy,not war.
C)promoting religious tolerance across western and central Europe.
D)creating a free trade zone across western and central Europe.
E)becoming as isolationist as possible.

Question 6

To achieve the goal of absolutist rule,_________ was an absolute necessity.

A)a groundswell of popular support from the peasants
B)a well-oiled propaganda machine
C)a court school dedicated to teaching absolutist theory
D)the support of every noble in the realm
E)a strong,centralized,loyal bureaucracy

Question 7

The real political authority in the Dutch Republic lay with:

A)the stadtholder.
B)powerful merchants.
C)powerful aristocrats.
D)Calvinist consistories.
E)the governments of independent towns.

Question 8

The wars of Louis XIV:

A)were fought to eradicate the Huguenots and Jansenists.
B)allowed Louis to construct his palace at Versailles.
C)led to the defeat of Spain in the War of the Spanish Succession.
D)were an enormous drain on the treasury of France.
E)were enormously successful and extended French power throughout Europe.

Question 9

Under the reign of Louis XIV,French colonies dominated the:

A)slave trade.
B)tobacco trade.
C)sugar trade.
D)rum trade.
E)firearms trade.

Question 10

The governmental system used by the United Provinces in the Netherlands throughout the seventeenth century was a(n):

A)absolutist monarchy.
B)limited monarchy.
C)oligarchy.
D)republic.
E)constitutional democracy.

Question 11

England's Glorious Revolution created the necessary climate to increase the power of the:

A)king.
B)lower class and wage laborers.
C)commercial classes.
D)peasant farmers.
E)clerics of the Anglican Church.

Question 12

During the Glorious Revolution,violence broke out to protest:

A)James II's support of Catholicism.
B)James II's moves toward absolutist government.
C)James II's support of Catholicism and his absolutist policies.
D)James II's secret alliance with France.
E)James II's cowardice in fleeing to France after the invasion of William of Orange.

Question 13

Louis XIV's finance minister,Jean-Baptiste Colbert,was a confirmed mercantilist who believed that France's wealth would increase if it:

A)only traded with its colonies.
B)adopted policies that encouraged free trade.
C)closed its borders to trade.
D)reduced its exports and increased its imports.
E)reduced its imports and increased its exports.

Question 14

The theory of absolutism became popular in the seventeenth century in response to:

A)public distrust of the constitutional monarchy in England.
B)the desire of the lower classes to be responsible directly to the king rather than to local lords.
C)a desire for order after the chaos and war of the previous century.
D)public distrust of the republican governance in the Dutch Republic.
E)growing public concern about brigands and criminals that required a strong centralized government to control.

Question 15

In general,the religious policies of Louis XIV aimed to:

A)grant religious toleration to the Arsonists and Quietists.
B)grant religious toleration to all French people.
C)impose religious unity upon all French people.
D)suppress the work of Catholic Jesuits.
E)provide some rights to Protestants living in France.

Question 16

In England,Charles II triggered a crisis not unlike that produced by his father's rule when he:

A)reformed court life to match Puritan sensibilities.
B)began modeling his kingship on the absolutism of Louis XIV.
C)established a family and produced several heirs to the throne.
D)created the Whig Party and used it to increase his influence in Parliament.
E)disbanded Parliament and ruled absolutely.

Question 17

The most profitable French colonies were located in:

A)the Caribbean.
B)North America.
C)West Africa.
D)India.
E)islands off the coast of Southern Africa.

Question 18

The most important opponents of royal absolutism were:

A)churchmen.
B)peasants.
C)nobles.
D)merchants.
E)soldiers.

Question 19

The Act of Toleration of 1689 granted:

A)Jews the right to worship freely in England.
B)English citizens the right to peacefully oppose parliamentary policies.
C)English citizens the right to peacefully oppose the king's policies.
D)Catholics the right to worship freely in England.
E)Protestant dissenters the right to worship freely in England.

Question 20

James II of England angered his critics and set off a national crisis when he:

A)and his second wife,Mary of Modena,had a son: a Catholic heir to the throne.
B)banned Roman Catholics from all political offices.
C)formed an alliance with William and Mary of Holland.
D)publicly converted to Catholicism after becoming king and advanced the Catholic cause.
E)took the army to Ireland to put down a Catholic rebellion.

Question 21

After the collapse of the Ottoman Empire,Austria's main rival in central Europe was:

A)Russia.
B)Saxony.
C)Bavaria.
D)Venice.
E)Brandenburg-Prussia.

Question 22

Peter the Great's victory against Sweden in the Great Northern War resulted in Russian ports on the:

A)Black Sea,which facilitated a lucrative silk trade.
B)North Sea,which facilitated a lucrative fur trade.
C)Baltic Sea,which facilitated a lucrative grain trade.
D)Caspian Sea,which facilitated a lucrative salt trade.
E)White Sea,which facilitated a lucrative fish trade.

Question 23

The Treaty of Utrecht (1713)altered the balance of power in Europe by:

A)giving France desirable British territory in North America and the income from those colonies.
B)increasing the power of Spain beyond that of France and Great Britain.
C)placing France and Spain under the same ruler.
D)making Holland the dominant sea power in the New World.
E)giving Great Britain trading rights and desirable French territory in the New World.

Question 24

The newly efficient taxation systems in many European realms of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries paid for many expenses,but by far the most expensive expenditure made by states was:

A)war.
B)patronage of the arts.
C)public building programs.
D)infrastructure renewal.
E)construction of royal residences.

Question 25

The Bill of Rights in England [1688]:

A)stated that the monarch was subject to the law of the land.
B)resolved England's seventeenth century religious questions.
C)reaffirmed the divine-right theory of kingship.
D)confirmed the king's right to raise standing armies without Parliament's approval.
E)expanded the political power of the working class.

Question 26

Under the reign of Peter the Great,Russian colonization efforts were directed toward:

A)the Indian subcontinent.
B)Southeast Asia.
C)the Middle East.
D)Central Asia.
E)Central America.

Question 27

In general,the centralization of state power in Eastern Europe came at the expense of the:

A)autonomy of the Church.
B)political autonomy of the free cities.
C)power of merchants to avoid taxation.
D)freedom of peasants.
E)political power of the aristocracy.

Question 28

Frederick William I made Prussia strong by:

A)emphasizing religious toleration.
B)scoring victories against the armies of Louis XIV.
C)exerting prudent financial leadership and building a large army.
D)establishing a lavish palace in Berlin and constructing a "theater" of absolutism.
E)allying himself with,and receiving military aid from,Great Britain.

Question 29

The War of Spanish Succession involved which two families trying to place one of their own on the throne of Spain?

A)Bourbon [France] and Habsburg [Austria].
B)Bourbon [France] and Hohenzollern [Prussia].
C)Habsburg [Austria] and Hohenzollern [Prussia].
D)Habsburg [Austria] and Tudor [England].
E)Bourbon [France] and Romanov [Russia]

Question 30

The Russian Table of Ranks reordered the class system in Russia to be,from lowest to highest:

A)military,administrative,landlord.
B)administrative,military,landlord.
C)landlord,administrative,military.
D)administrative,landlord,military.
E)landlord,military,administrative.

Question 31

In general,the policies of Peter the Great of Russia included:

A)the introduction of Western ideas and customs.
B)reducing the tax burden on the peasantry,so that they could be more productive.
C)abolishing serfdom and giving the freed serfs land.
D)rebuilding the power of the Duma,Russia's national assembly.
E)invading the Ottoman empire to secure Constantinople as a Russian port.

Question 32

Absolutism was difficult for the Habsburgs to achieve in the Holy Roman Empire because:

A)the Habsburgs produced a series of ill and weakened monarchs in the seventeenth century.
B)a powerful middle-class resistance to absolutism emerged in the Holy Roman Empire.
C)controlling the Austrian colonies abroad took all the military power the Habsburg had,so they could not fulfill their ambitions of absolutism in the Holy Roman Empire.
D)the Holy Roman Empire was made up of many individual states that ruled in their own interests.
E)the Austrian Hapsburgs were not able to harness propaganda to their advantage enough to convince the nobles of the Holy Roman Empire to accept absolutist rule.

Question 33

The outcomes of the War of the Spanish Succession made clear that military dominance in Europe lay with the:

A)French Army.
B)French Navy.
C)English Navy
D)English Army.
E)Spanish Navy.

Question 34

Ottoman power in southeastern Europe declined rapidly after the Ottomans:

A)failed to capture the Habsburg capital of Vienna.
B)failed to conquer Poland.
C)lost control of Crete and Rhodes.
D)failed to conquer Russia.
E)lost their naval dominance on the Black Sea.

Question 35

The balance of power in Eastern Europe was realigned in 1721 with the Peace of:

A)Livonia.
B)Nystad.
C)Utrecht.
D)Estonia.
E)Versailles.

Question 36

The goal of Peter the Great's foreign policy was to:

A)annex Prussia.
B)secure year-round ports for Russia.
C)secure territories in the New World.
D)open up a land route to Asia.
E)conquer the Ottoman empire.

Question 37

The War of the Spanish Succession broke out when:

A)William of Orange's daughter succeeded to the Spanish throne.
B)the Austrian king,Leopold I,succeeded to the Spanish throne.
C)Louis XIV's grandson succeeded to the Spanish throne.
D)the named heir of the Spanish throne,Philip V,renounced his claim.
E)Leopold I's nephew succeeded to the Spanish throne.

Question 38

The balance of power in Central and Eastern Europe was reshaped at the end of the seventeenth and beginning of the eighteenth centuries because of the loss of power of:

A)Prussia.
B)Austria.
C)Russia.
D)France.
E)the Ottoman empire.

Question 39

Russian peasants were:

A)politically free.
B)legally the property of their landlords.
C)quite well off in terms of general European standards of living in the eighteenth century.
D)free to pursue nonagricultural economic ventures.
E)able to vote as a class in the Russian Duma.

Question 40

Peter the Great's authority to rule Russia was threatened during the early part of his reign by:

A)a peasant rebellion.
B)an attempt to depose him and place his half-sister on the throne.
C)an assassination attempt.
D)questions about his paternity.
E)a long childhood illness.

Question 41

All governments in Europe strove to be absolutist over the course of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.

Question 42

One of the advantages enjoyed by the Dutch Republic included:

A)a powerful monarch.
B)the protection of Louis XIV of France.
C)the ability to engage in trade by sea.
D)no religious diversity.
E)close proximity to the Ottoman Empire.

Question 43

Reasons for the failure of the Dutch Republic include all of the following except:

A)pressure from absolutist France
B)maritime competition from England.
C)involvement in multiple costly wars.
D)expensive defensive fortifications.
E)a religious civil war.

Question 44

French colonies in North America were largely self-sustaining.

Question 45

In the late seventeenth century,European wars almost always had a colonial aspect.

Question 46

"Tories" was a nickname for the supporters of King Charles II.

Question 47

The Glorious Revolution opened the way for the growth and political power of which group in England?

A)Commercial classes.
B)Royal family.
C)Farmers.
D)Industrial workers.
E)The Church of England.

Question 48

Which group provided the most resistance to James II of England?

A)The Tories.
B)The Whigs.
C)The small landholders.
D)The Catholic Church.
E)The working class.

Question 49

While Louis XIV persecuted Huguenots in his realm mercilessly,all Catholics enjoyed similar rights and freedoms.

Question 50

The League of Augsburg included all of the following states except:

A)Holland.
B)England.
C)Spain.
D)Sweden.
E)France.

Question 51

Who was the "Sun King"?

A)Frederick William I.
B)Charles II.
C)Louis XIV.
D)James II.
E)Peter the Great.

Question 52

The major difference between Russian colonization versus western European colonization in the Atlantic world was:

A)Russian colonization was done for the express purpose of religious indoctrination.
B)European colonization more concerned with the conflict between Catholicism and the Protestant faith.
C)European colonization blended smoothly with the native populations especially in Latin America.
D)Russian colonization was about the search for oil.
E)Russian colonization was made with the intention of drawing the native populations into the service of the state.

Question 53

The absolute monarchs ruled only with the consent of their nobles and people.

Question 54

The League of Augsburg united Holland,England,Spain,Sweden,Bavaria,Saxony,the Rhine,the Palatinate,and the Austrian Habsburgs against Louis XIV.

Question 55

The ruler of Prussia who built up the fourth largest army in Europe in the first half of the eighteenth century was:

A)Frederick the Great.
B)Frederick William the Great Elector.
C)Frederick I.
D)Frederick William I.
E)Frederick of Saxony.

Question 56

In the 1690s,the Hapsburgs were in power in all of the following places except:

A)Spain.
B)The Netherlands.
C)Holy Roman Empire.
D)Austria.
E)Holland.

Question 57

Unlike many places in Europe during the seventeenth century,there was a high degree of religious tolerance in the Dutch Republic.

Question 58

The Glorious Revolution occurred completely without bloodshed.

Question 59

Sejm was:

A)the name for the Polish-Lithuanian Parliament
B)the religious patriarch of Russia.
C)the capital of the Ottoman Empire.
D)the leader of an attempted coup against Peter the Great.
E)the trading capital for the Dutch Republic.

Question 60

In spite of Jean-Baptiste Colbert's efforts,Louis XIV left France's finances in ruins.

Question 61

How did the Glorious Revolution affect trade and growth of the commercial classes in England?

Question 62

The path to success for nobles under Peter the Great was through military success.

Question 63

A delegation of both Whigs and Tories brought Mary and her husband William to England to replace James II.

Question 64

What was the role of theater and image in the success of absolutism?

Question 65

How were changes in the government structure of the Dutch government related to changes in Dutch power?

Question 66

What was the role of the Treaty of Utrecht in redefining the balance of power?

Question 67

In what ways did James II to restore/increase the power of the monarchy during his reign?

Question 68

How did absolute monarchs overcome the obstacles of the Church and the nobility?

Question 69

The kingdom of Poland-Lithuania emerged as a major power after the Great Northern War.

Question 70

The Treaty of Utrecht led to greater colonial rivalries in South America.

Question 71

What was the role of the army in the formation of the Prussian state?

Question 72

In what ways can it be said that Peter the Great made Russia a great power?

Question 73

The degree of social mobility in all absolutist states was extremely low.

Question 74

How did the French colonies assist Louis XIV's absolutist project?

Question 75

What was the role of the peasant in Russian society and government?