Deck 11: Rebirth and Unrest,1350-1453

Question 1

The series of pageant plays performed at York were not only motivated by devotion but also:

A)created such chaos in the town that many heinous crimes were committed during their production.
B)pride in the nation of England.
C)a desire to teach biblical stories to nonbelievers.
D)the desire of the guilds to display their wares in the plays.
E)a desire to mock the royal family.

Answer 1

the desire of the guilds to display their wares in the plays.

Question 2

The Black Death and ensuing social unrest resulted in noble families:

A)becoming impoverished.
B)turning to commerce in a bid to make more money.
C)selling off much of their land to small farmers.
D)building large and very strong castles to protect themselves.
E)growing wealthier than they had been.

Answer 2

growing wealthier than they had been.

Question 3

What is the central theme of Christine de Pisan's The City of Ladies?

A)The book is an attack on the patriarchal social organization of feudalism.
B)The book describes a mythic journey through Africa in search of powerful "Amazon" women.
C)The book is a courtly romance about love,sacrifice,and betrayal in the tradition of Romance of the Rose.
D)The book is an attack on the failures of the late-medieval clergy.
E)The book is a defense of women against the misogynistic claims of men.

Answer 3

The book is a defense of women against the misogynistic claims of men.

Question 4

Compared to the western Europe of 1300,the western Europe of 1450 had _________ people and a(n)_________ standard of living.

A)more;higher
B)fewer;higher
C)fewer;lower
D)more;lower
E)equal;equal

Question 5

Underlying the social unrest of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries lay:

A)desperation born of poverty and hunger.
B)a growing belief that the Church would foster social change within society.
C)a belief that the monarchs of Europe ruled illegitimately.
D)a general lack of respect for those in authority.
E)a growing sense of self-confidence.

Question 6

The social mobility of the fourteenth century was made possible largely due to the:

A)Crusades.
B)Black Death.
C)English Peasants' Revolt.
D)beginning of the Hundred Years' War.
E)creation of the Holy Roman Empire.

Question 7

One consequence of the Black Death was a reversion of farmland to:

A)towns and villages.
B)monastic holdings.
C)pastures and forests.
D)swamps and marches.
E)noble hunting grounds.

Question 8

The English Peasants' Revolt,like other popular uprisings of the fourteenth century,had its fundamental origins in:

A)the repression of the peasants by the nobility in the 1370s.
B)the king's decision to convert all freedmen to the status of serfs in 1361.
C)a series of taxes levied to support the English war with Norway.
D)the economic,social,and political consequences of the Black Death.
E)the English peasant's desire to be a part of the English parliamentary process.

Question 9

Just as Boccaccio wrote about a group of people telling stories to one another while sitting out the Black Death,_________ wrote about a group of people telling stories to one another while on a pilgrimage.

A)Augustine
B)Chaucer
C)Christine de Pisan
D)Giotto di Bondone
E)Dante

Question 10

Europeans of the Renaissance attempted to make sense of their world by studying:

A)Egypt.
B)Carthage.
C)Mesopotamia.
D)Greece and Rome.
E)India.

Question 11

Historians today generally use the term Renaissance to refer to:

A)a period in economic history when trade was reborn.
B)a period in European history when the northern countries dominated the culture of the Continent.
C)a period in European history between 1300 and 1550,during which all aspects of European life were united by a common spirit of the age.
D)a period of intellectual rebirth after the Dark Ages,when learning had been extinguished.
E)a period in intellectual and cultural history,marked by a new interest in the study of classical learning.

Question 12

Which lower-class rebellion in the later Middle Ages involved the revolt of workers in the cloth industry who sought greater participation in local government?

A)The English Peasants' Revolt of 1381.
B)The "Jacquerie" uprising of 1358.
C)The Florentine Ciompi revolt of 1378.
D)The Lübeck "taxpayers" revolt of 1408.
E)The German Peasants' revolt of 1424.

Question 13

As a result of the depopulation in Europe caused by the Black Death:

A)Europe became an agricultural wasteland.
B)European farmers turned toward producing cash crops exclusively.
C)great lords and monasteries took control of 75% of all agricultural land.
D)Europe's massively depleted ecological resources recovered.
E)Europeans began buying slaves to use as agricultural workers.

Question 14

Nobility defined by recognized conspicuous consumption meant that:

A)class boundaries were porous.
B)class boundaries were closed and rigidly defended.
C)a person's class was in no way tied to his or her economic status.
D)a person's class was tied to his or her lineage.
E)class boundaries had become obsolete.

Question 15

Those who claimed aristocratic status in the fourteenth century did so by:

A)commissioning a family coat of arms.
B)living lavish and extremely expensive lifestyles.
C)demonstrating a genealogy that traced the family history to a king.
D)participating in the court culture of a local king or great lord.
E)fighting in tournaments on horseback.

Question 16

Petrarch believed that the "Dark Ages" were not the pagan past,but the Middle Ages,the time that separated him from:

A)the time of Jesus.
B)direct communication with the classics.
C)the Trojan War.
D)the time of the Church Fathers.
E)the time of Moses.

Question 17

Most of the innovations that occurred in farming after the first waves of the Black Death were made by:

A)great lords.
B)abbeys who held vast agricultural lands.
C)monarchs who instituted widespread farming reforms.
D)inventors in the towns and cities of Europe.
E)small farmers.

Question 18

The works of Boccaccio,Chaucer,and de Pisan all demonstrate:

A)that most literature was still written in Latin.
B)the spread of vernacular literacy.
C)that most people who were literate still studied and worked in universities.
D)that there was still no market for professional writers in Europe.
E)that most literature was still very formal.

Question 19

The characters in Chaucer's Canterbury Tales are traveling to the site of:

A)Jesus's crucifixion.
B)the murder of Thomas Beckett.
C)the battle of Tours.
D)the battle of Hastings.
E)King Arthur's coronation.

Question 20

Which French city would suffer a 75% population decline as a result of the Hundred Years' War?

A)Paris
B)Marseilles
C)Toulouse
D)Lyon
E)Avignon

Question 21

Because of the influence of wealthy families who wanted to give their sons a broad education:

A)many independent artists who did not have ties to the church were drawn to Italy.
B)the church began to decline in importance.
C)a number of universities were founded for the sons of wealthy families.
D)churches began to form schools especially to teach young women.
E)artists were frequently condemned for being godless.

Question 22

The Ottoman Turks were able to begin to amass territory in the fourteenth century because:

A)the Mongols had toppled the older powers that had traditionally kept them in check.
B)the Byzantine empire had fallen.
C)they had acquired artillery from China.
D)they had allied themselves with the sultanate of Rûm.
E)the Abbasid caliphate had hired them as mercenaries.

Question 23

Although medieval scholars knew important classical authors such as Virgil and Cicero,the works of _________ were not fully known in Western Europe until the Renaissance.

A)Aristotle
B)Livy
C)Ovid
D)Paul
E)Plutarch

Question 24

The spread of warfare following the Black Death also contributed to:

A)the development of new weaponry and technology.
B)new artistic techniques.
C)the growth of historical fiction.
D)an increase in the power of the church.
E)the growth of the banking industry.

Question 25

The Ottoman Empire was tolerant of all faiths EXCEPT:

A)Sephardic Jews.
B)Roman Catholics.
C)Eastern Orthodox Christians.
D)Non-Sunni Muslims.
E)Zoroastrians.

Question 26

The goal of the humanist education system was to:

A)produce able merchants.
B)produce individuals who were suited to the priesthood.
C)train bureaucrats.
D)produce virtuous citizens and able public officials.
E)train people to lead a private,contemplative life.

Question 27

Humanists such as Leon Battista Alberti praised the nuclear family and argued that women should be:

A)consigned purely to domestic roles.
B)allowed to work as painters and sculptors.
C)encouraged to adopt children rather than raise their own.
D)educated and participate in public life as they were able.
E)able to rule as equals with men.

Question 28

The Medici originally made their fortune in:

A)banking.
B)government.
C)the arts.
D)the silk trade.
E)the spice trade.

Question 29

Following the Muslim conquest of Constantinople,the city:

A)experienced a dramatic population increase.
B)experienced a dramatic population decline.
C)was destroyed by a series of major fires.
D)was stricken by an outbreak of the plague.
E)declined in commercial importance.

Question 30

Unlike many humanists,Petrach sought a life of:

A)public service.
B)service to the church.
C)duty to the government.
D)quiet contemplation.
E)wealth and adulation.

Question 31

When the Ottomans conquered Constantinople in 1453,the primary effect of their conquest on Western Europe was:

A)psychological.
B)military.
C)economic.
D)political.
E)geographical: it spurred European attempts to find a direct route around Africa to India and the Far East.

Question 32

Which Ottoman sultan was responsible for the capture of Constantinople?

A)Timur
B)Osman
C)Genghis Khan
D)Mehmet II
E)Abu Bakr

Question 33

The growth of power claims based on classical models,including patronage of the arts,occurred in Renaissance Italy due to the:

A)admiration Renaissance Italians had for the Emperor Nero.
B)rediscovery and subsequent popularity of Suetonius's Lives of the Caesars.
C)relative weakness of the Church,which no longer provided an alternate model.
D)relative weakness of the Holy Roman Emperor,which no longer provided an alternate model.
E)rediscovery and subsequent popularity of Aristotle's Politics.

Question 34

Following the Black Death,the most densely populated country in Europe was:

A)Italy.
B)Spain.
C)England.
D)France.
E)Portugal.

Question 35

Following the death of Timur,the territories he conquered became:

A)part of the Holy Roman Empire.
B)Christian kingdoms.
C)part of the Mongol empire.
D)controlled by local rulers.
E)part of the Ottoman empire.

Question 36

Many Northern Italians looked admiringly at their ancient past as a way of:

A)instilling virtue in their children.
B)asserting their cultural supremacy over France.
C)reviving pagan religions.
D)challenging the authority of the pope.
E)launching a campaign to fund the restoration of the Forum.

Question 37

The majority of Ottoman slaves were Christians because:

A)Christians were generally out of favor in Ottoman society.
B)Christians in Ottoman society were from a lower socioeconomic class.
C)Jews were not allowed to settle within the Ottoman Empire.
D)Muslims were the only people who could work in business or governmental posts.
E)Muslims were not permitted to enslave other Muslims.

Question 38

For the Ottomans,their conquest of Constantinople brought:

A)a reduced demand for slaves because the size of the Ottoman Army could now be reduced.
B)vast new wealth,which greatly increased the population of the city.
C)an economic crisis,as trade routes were redirected away from Constantinople.
D)relatively little change to Ottoman society.
E)a revitalization of Ottoman society with the realization that they could build an empire.

Question 39

The great influx of Greek manuscripts from the East in the fifteenth century led to the development of a new interest in a form of literary analysis known as:

A)close reading.
B)New Criticism.
C)postmodernism.
D)textual criticism.
E)deconstructionism.

Question 40

Muslims were not permitted to enslave:

A)prisoners of war.
B)uneducated people.
C)anyone under the age of twenty.
D)other Muslims.
E)religious people of any faith.

Question 41

The English Lollards were the lay followers and successors of which late medieval theologian?

A)Jan Zizka
B)Jan Hus
C)Meister Eckhart
D)John Wycliffe
E)Ulrich Zwingli

Question 42

The Holy Roman Empire and the Italian Peninsula did not unite as national monarchies in part because:

A)dynastic struggles in the ruling houses prevented it.
B)continual armed conflict and shifting alliances prevented the emergence of strong,centralizing rulers in these territories.
C)both territories were relatively poor and no single ruling family had the financial and military resources to centralize power in its own hands.
D)both territories were too concerned with checking Ottoman advances for strong rulers to look to expanding their power within Europe.
E)these territories had no external enemy to encourage unification.

Question 43

Under the leadership of King Jadwiga,Poland began to focus on expansion into:

A)Estonia.
B)Ukraine.
C)Holy Roman Empire.
D)Lithuania.
E)Russia.

Question 44

The Ottoman Empire traces their history back to the chieftain,Osman Gazi.

Question 45

The humanist's insistence on ancient standards of Latin grammar and word choice turned Latin into a dead language.

Question 46

The late Middle Ages was a period of aristocratic crisis and peasant prosperity.

Question 47

Joan of Arc was a problematic leader of the French forces during the latter part of the Hundred Years' War because:

A)she was a peasant woman.
B)she refused to wear armor even in the midst of battle.
C)she regularly fought with the military generals she was supposed to lead.
D)she was believed to be the mistress of the Dauphin.
E)she was illiterate.

Question 48

Religious devotion in the later Middle Ages sometimes supported commercial enterprises.

Question 49

The Jacquerie was a group of French nobles who were effective in passing legislation against peasant demands for lower prices and an end to serfdom.

Question 50

Henry V was so successful in taking territory from France during the latter part of the Hundred Years' War that he was able to force the king of France to:

A)concede his crown.
B)become a vassal of the English king.
C)resign his crown and retire to a monastery.
D)request aid from the Byzantine empire.
E)recognize the English king as the heir to the French throne.

Question 51

The Renaissance was chronologically distinct from the late Middle Ages.

Question 52

The relatively constant warfare of the Middle Ages led to which of the following?

A)Expansionist states
B)Higher rates of taxation of citizens
C)Larger armies
D)New,deadly technologies
E)All of the above

Question 53

The fundamental distinction that marked a person as noble was his or her wealth.

Question 54

The Lollards advocated for all of these things EXCEPT the:

A)marriage of all clerics.
B)confiscation of ecclesiastical wealth.
C)removal of corrupt or immoral priests.
D)translation of the Bible into English.
E)removal of sacraments from Catholic ritual.

Question 55

Lorenzo Valla was an innovator in the field of vernacular poetry.

Question 56

Humanists encouraged the education of women.

Question 57

The reduction in population in the wake of the Black Death allowed most serfs in medieval Europe to become freedmen.

Question 58

The failed conciliar movement of the Church was intended to locate the supreme authority of the Church with the:

A)pope alone.
B)cardinals.
C)delegates of regularly called councils.
D)delegates of every diocese who gathered in Rome each year.
E)papal legates.

Question 59

The Great Schism ended in 1417 when the:

A)papacy moved its administrative offices back to Rome.
B)Council of Basel dismissed all rival popes.
C)pope defeated the conciliar movement.
D)Council of Constance elected a new pope.
E)French king returned the pope to Rome.

Question 60

Both the Lollard and Hussite movements had this in common:

A)they began in universities.
B)they began among peasants.
C)they began among women.
D)they stressed the importance of educating women.
E)they denied the divinity of Jesus.

Question 61

Ottoman society was closed and intolerant.

Question 62

Compare and contrast the effect of the plague on the towns as opposed to the countryside.

Question 63

In 1422,Henry VI was king of both England and France,though he was only an infant.

Question 64

Why did the Renaissance originate in Italy?

Question 65

What were the foundations of the Ottoman Empire,and how did these foundations shape it?

Question 66

Being a slave carried relatively little social stigma in the Ottoman Empire.

Question 67

What events sparked the Great Schism,and how was it resolved?

Question 68

What was the role of Joan of Arc in the Hundred Years' War?

Question 69

The Lollard movement gained great support in the fourteenth century due to the number of nobles who supported the movement.

Question 70

What determined nobility in the late Middle Ages?

Question 71

What influence did John Wycliffe have on the Catholic Church?

Question 72

What circumstances account for the rebellions between 1300 and 1425?

Question 73

How were women's devotional practices a challenge to Church authority in the late Middle Ages?

Question 74

The title tsar means "caesar."

Question 75

How was humanist education a break from the tradition of scholastic education?