Deck 9: The Consolidation of Europe,1100-1250

Question 1

King Henry II's important dispute with Archbishop Thomas Becket was related to:

A)the preaching of indulgences before the First Crusade.
B)the authority of the Catholic Church in matters relating to faith.
C)the process of electing or "investing" archbishops in England.
D)whether priests should be tried in royal courts like other subjects of the king.
E)a personal argument between the two men unrelated to religious concerns.

Answer 1

whether priests should be tried in royal courts like other subjects of the king.

Question 2

As the Christian influence in Spain spread in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries,the only Muslim dominion which remained was located in:

A)Costa Brava.
B)Andalucia.
C)Valencia.
D)Castille.
E)Granada.

Answer 2

Granada.

Question 3

To the territories he inherited from his father,Frederick Barbarossa,King Henry VI added:

A)northern Italy.
B)Sicily.
C)Rome and central Italy.
D)Saxony.
E)the Papal States.

Answer 3

Sicily.

Question 4

The Magna Carta,signed by King John of England,was a:

A)treaty between John and the English peasants who had risen up during the English Peasants' Revolt.
B)contract that promised the Church that their lands would never be taxed.
C)treaty between England and France to end the war caused by the Norman invasion.
D)legal document defining particular rights of nobles and freemen and limiting royal power.
E)charter announcing John's abdication of the throne.

Question 5

Frederick Barbarossa called his empire the Holy Roman Empire in order to:

A)gain the favor of the pope.
B)gain the support of Romans.
C)enlist the support of the Byzantine emperor.
D)indicate to the pope that Frederick did not need his support.
E)antagonize Christians and force the Catholic Church to split.

Question 6

Frederick Barbarossa attempted to bypass the power of the papacy by:

A)forging an alliance with other German princes to oppose the pope.
B)ignoring every dictate from the papacy.
C)converting to Eastern Orthodox Christianity.
D)appointing antipopes who claimed to be the true pope.
E)besieging the papal palace in Rome.

Question 7

Crusaders frequently saw themselves as battling "enemies of Christ," which included Muslims as well as:

A)Jews.
B)Homosexuals.
C)Zoroastrians.
D)Promiscuous women.
E)Buddhists.

Question 8

Alfonso II of Aragon ensured his control over his kingdom by:

A)military strength.
B)the use of sheriffs who patrolled the land.
C)documenting property transactions.
D)refusing to fund education.
E)refusing to acknowledge the authority of the pope.

Question 9

The High Middle Ages witnessed the birth of a new political structure known as:

A)universal democracy.
B)the multicultural,multilingual empire.
C)dictatorship.
D)the national monarchy.
E)the theocracy,a church state.

Question 10

King Frederick II of Germany:

A)sought to create a Muslim style of kingship over his empire,complete with a harem and dancing girls.
B)ignored Italy in favor of Germany.
C)pursued his grandfather's policy of supporting the German princes while enforcing imperial rights throughout the empire.
D)established the Lombard League to cement his control over northern Italy.
E)continued his father's dream of leading a crusade to free the Holy Land from the Muslims.

Question 11

The prestige of the French monarchs was also enhanced by:

A)their impressive military victories.
B)their support of the American colonies.
C)their support of the University of Paris.
D)their lavish lifestyles and conspicuous consumption.
E)their artistic endeavors.

Question 12

After the signing of the Magna Carta,English government gradually became a:

A)republic.
B)democracy.
C)dictatorship.
D)theocracy.
E)constitutional monarchy.

Question 13

The writing of the Magna Carta was triggered when John:

A)attempted to abdicate.
B)attempted to raise taxes.
C)attempted to abolish the Catholic Church.
D)planned to invade France.
E)began seizing the land of commoners.

Question 14

In the eleventh century,as Kiev declined,the most powerful city in the area settled by Viking Rus' became:

A)Donetsk.
B)Muscovy.
C)Yekaterinburg.
D)Novgorod.
E)Gdansk.

Question 15

Secular women like Heloise who wished to continue their education beyond convent school could:

A)not do so.
B)attend university.
C)be taught individually by a tutor.
D)attend women-only universities.
E)ask their local priests to teach them.

Question 16

In the thirteenth century,which kingdom emerged as the most powerful state in central Europe?

A)Hungary
B)Switzerland
C)Bohemia
D)Serbia
E)Poland

Question 17

Thomas Becket,the Archbishop of Canterbury,was murdered by:

A)the pope.
B)knights who believed they were acting for the king.
C)Muslim invaders.
D)Christians who opposed the Catholic Church.
E)the king's children.

Question 18

Of the principal Crusader States,the largest was:

A)Edessa.
B)Cicilia.
C)Antioch.
D)Tripoli.
E)Damascus.

Question 19

The tradition of French administration that balanced local diversity of custom with bureaucratic centralization in Paris began with:

A)Charlemagne.
B)Philip II,"Augustus."
C)Louis VIII,"the Lion."
D)Louis IX,"St.Louis."
E)Philip IV,"the Fair."

Question 20

By the end of the thirteenth century,_________ had become the largest Spanish kingdom.

A)Portugal
B)Granada
C)Castile
D)Aragon
E)Catalonia

Question 21

The increasing persecution of European Jews in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries should be interpreted in the context of:

A)recent Jewish settlements in central Europe,such as those in Italy and Poland.
B)a widespread interest in Hebrew language,culture,and religious texts.
C)contemporary crimes by Jews,such as poisoning wells and the ritual murder of children.
D)general Christian concerns about heresy and the growing suspicion of Jews at all levels of society.
E)the control of the Christian holy sites in Jerusalem by Jews under the protection of the Ottomans.

Question 22

The Venetians wanted revenge against Byzantium in the late twelfth century because:

A)some citizens of Constantinople had massacred Venetian merchants who lived in the city.
B)Byzantium had attacked Venice in 1182.
C)Byzantine merchants were taking trade from Venetians.
D)the Venetians regarded the Byzantines as heretics.
E)Constantinople had not supported the Third Crusade.

Question 23

Innocent III's bold agenda was ratified at what assembly?

A)Fourth Lateran Council.
B)Council of Constance
C)Council of Nicaea
D)Council of Canterbury
E)Jerusalem Council

Question 24

Medieval scholastics taught that:

A)there was a fundamental compatibility between human reason and experience and the divine teachings in the Bible.
B)the Bible,as a divinely inspired source,was largely incompatible with the philosophical ideas and systems of humans.
C)careful study of the Bible showed that it contained fundamental inconsistencies.
D)science was more useful than religion,because the Christian faith cannot be defended by reason.
E)science and religion could never be reconciled and religion must always be accepted as true.

Question 25

The rapid growth of monastic houses,such as the Cistercians,in the twelfth century meant that more men and women were becoming professional religious and that:

A)the papacy had finally abandoned any spiritual connection with the monasteries.
B)the severe asceticism of the monasteries was widely popular in Europe.
C)a religiously engaged laity was supporting the Church through the donation of money and lands.
D)the observance of the Benedictine rule had become somewhat lax in the monasteries.
E)as a result,the monasteries had become increasingly impoverished from the drain on their resources.

Question 26

In the twelfth century,the central act of worship for Christianity was:

A)prayer.
B)confession.
C)Eucharistic devotion.
D)pilgrimages to holy sites.
E)veneration of the saints.

Question 27

The Knights Templar were primarily responsible for the protection of:

A)Rome.
B)Jerusalem.
C)Antioch.
D)Damascus.
E)Constantinople.

Question 28

Peter Waldes's reform movement in the late twelfth century was considered heretical by the Church because the Waldensians did not:

A)submit to the rule of absolute poverty.
B)believe in the teachings of the Church regarding celibacy.
C)believe in the saints of the Church.
D)support the rise and influence of medieval universities.
E)accept the Church's authority and directives on the issue of lay preaching.

Question 29

Anselm argued that:

A)human beings can know nothing beyond the world in which they live.
B)God cannot exist if evil exists in the world.
C)since human beings name objects of which they conceive,then God must be a human creation.
D)human ideas of goodness had been instilled by God,a being about which nothing greater can be conceived.
E)God's existence is simply beyond any human ability to comprehend.

Question 30

The person most responsible for increasing interest in devotion to the Eucharist and the Virgin Mary in the twelfth century was:

A)Peter Abelard.
B)Anselm of Bec.
C)Bernard of Clairvaux.
D)Peter the Venerable.
E)Roland of Cremona.

Question 31

The ultimate purpose of the Albigensian Crusade was:

A)to convert heretics to Christianity.
B)to justify the colonization of the south of France.
C)to recapture Jerusalem.
D)to justify the colonization of the Baltic.
E)to recapture Acre.

Question 32

Upon admission to university,medieval students typically spent four years studying the liberal arts,which meant:

A)theology and philosophy.
B)history and the social sciences.
C)mathematics,natural science,and painting.
D)advanced work in Latin grammar,rhetoric,and logic.
E)advanced work in theology,mathematics,and the social sciences.

Question 33

Most university classes in the Middle Ages consisted of:

A)students reading silently.
B)an older student engaging younger ones in debate.
C)a professor reading aloud from a book.
D)students debating historical topics.
E)students completing assignments in workbooks.

Question 34

The Knights Hospitaller was initially founded for the purpose of:

A)protecting the borders of the kingdom of Jerusalem.
B)creating a banking system for European travelers.
C)caring for pilgrims in a hospital in Jerusalem.
D)praying for the continued existence of the kingdom of Jerusalem.
E)protecting the king of Jerusalem.

Question 35

Modern universities can trace their origin back to the:

A)elementary schools established by the Church.
B)cathedral schools.
C)Sorbonne established by Charlemagne.
D)monastery schools that trained priests.
E)English public schools.

Question 36

The new teaching methods known as scholasticism rested heavily on:

A)memorizing texts.
B)reciting the works of Classical Greece.
C)questioning and debate.
D)solitary study.
E)meditation combined with hours of reading each day.

Question 37

In the Middle Ages,students who were admitted to a university were expected to have a thorough knowledge of:

A)Latin.
B)Greek.
C)Hebrew.
D)Persian poetry.
E)Physics.

Question 38

The term universitas originally meant:

A)corporation.
B)universal truth.
C)school.
D)debate.
E)cathedral.

Question 39

The growth of schools in twelfth-century Europe can be attributed primarily to the:

A)rediscovery of Aristotle's works.
B)rapid increase in literacy beginning in the eleventh century.
C)general economic revival in Europe.
D)benevolent legislation of several reform-minded popes.
E)establishment of national schools by strong national monarchs.

Question 40

Venice benefited from the Crusades by:

A)providing military generals who led soldiers on Crusade.
B)providing bibles to every pilgrim who traveled to the kingdom of Jerusalem.
C)creating a network of early banks that lent money at low interest rates.
D)providing ships and supplies to Crusaders.
E)continually attacking Egypt.

Question 41

Pope Urban II encouraged knights to take up arms against the enemies of Christ,which led to the Crusades.

Question 42

In the second half of the twelfth century,educated Westerners vastly increased their knowledge when:

A)medieval scientists began conducting scientific experiments and circulating the results.
B)important works of Greek and Arabic literature were translated into Latin.
C)the Englishman Robert Grosseteste invented the telescope.
D)the works of Plato were discovered in Europe and made widely available.
E)Latin versions of the scientific works of Aristotle were discovered and widely distributed.

Question 43

The Muslim scholar Averroes was known primarily for his:

A)criticism of Plato.
B)commentaries on Aristotle.
C)account of the Punic Wars.
D)Arabic translation of the New Testament.
E)Latin translation of the Qur'an.

Question 44

Pope Innocent III believed that Christians,Muslims,and Jews were all equal people of the book.

Question 45

The Waldensians were declared heretics because they did not believe in transubstantiation.

Question 46

Hildegard of Bingen wrote on a variety of subjects outside her spiritual concerns as a nun,including pharmacology and gynecology.

Question 47

On average,Capetian kings ruled for only eight years.

Question 48

In the late Middle Ages,Jews were routinely expelled from Italy,England,France,Germany,and Spain.

Question 49

Following the First Crusade,Jewish settlements were encouraged in Poland,and thousands of Jews settled there to avoid persecution.

Question 50

One of the most popular saints and most powerful saint's cults in the Middle Ages was the Virgin Mary.

Question 51

In the thirteenth century,the governance of Italian city-states became increasingly:

A)republican.
B)democratic.
C)oligarchic.
D)theocratic.
E)communist.

Question 52

The political power of some queens of the High Middle Ages in Europe is reflected in the:

A)right of queens to choose which son would become king after the death of his father.
B)number of women included in manuscript illuminations from the period.
C)right of queens to attend medieval universities.
D)power of the queen in the game of chess.
E)number of books that were dedicated to queens during this period.

Question 53

Chivalry:

A)was the term used to describe the relationship between women and men during the medieval period.
B)was limited to the specific orders established in England and France to reward service to the king.
C)was a means of legitimizing social positions acquired through either bravery or skill.
D)simply was a title given to the chief aide to a king during a time of war.
E)comes from a Latin word meaning an archer held in reserve during battle.

Question 54

Thomas Becket was killed as a result of a disagreement with the pope.

Question 55

The word parliament comes from a Latin word which means "angry debate."

Question 56

The genre of literature most representative of urban culture during the High Middle Ages was the:

A)chanson de geste.
B)lai.
C)summa.
D)fabliau.
E)tractate.

Question 57

The concept of courtliness refers to:

A)the legal system of the Middle Ages.
B)rules for combat.
C)refined behavior.
D)adherence to the teachings of the church.
E)rules Crusaders were expected to follow.

Question 58

In towns,manufacturing was largely controlled by the:

A)town government.
B)king.
C)local bishop.
D)trade guilds.
E)particular ordinances of a given town.

Question 59

The Europeans who settled in the new Crusader states forced their subjects to adopt Western culture and values.

Question 60

Wolfram von Eschenbach was a German poet known primarily for his:

A)story depicting the search for the Holy Grail.
B)unfinished work entitled Romance of the Rose.
C)epic poem entitled Song of the Niebelungs.
D)architectural drawings of German cathedrals.
E)stories concerning the childhood of Jesus.

Question 61

Was the conflict between Becket and Henry II personal or political? Explain.

Question 62

Compare and contrast the Franciscan and Dominican orders.

Question 63

Medieval scholastics exalted the dignity of human nature and the ability of human reason.

Question 64

In what ways did the Crusader mindset influence relations between Christians and Jews?

Question 65

The goal of Abelard's philosophical works was to show that the different opinions of the Church Fathers could be reconciled.

Question 66

In what ways can Innocent III be regarded as the most capable and successful of medieval popes?

Question 67

Saint Thomas Aquinas was a member of the Jesuit order and a teacher at Paris.

Question 68

What factors led to the emergence of Spain as the most powerful European monarchy in the end of the Middle Ages?

Question 69

How was the German pattern of kingship different from the English and French models?

Question 70

How does the ethos of Crusade imbue the political and religious movements of the High Middle Ages?

Question 71

What led to the apparent growth of heretical groups in the twelfth century,and what was the Church's response?

Question 72

What factors led to the Magna Carta and what was its significance?

Question 73

In what ways did education change from the Carolingian period to the twelfth century?

Question 74

The chivalric code suggested that noblewomen ought to be treated as objects of veneration.