Deck 2: Peoples, gods, and Empires: 1700-500

Question 1

During the first millennium b.c.e.:

A)bronze slowly replaced iron as the primary component of tools and weapons.
B)iron slowly replaced bronze as the primary component of tools and weapons.
C)tempered copper slowly replaced bronze as the primary component of tools and weapons.
D)scholars from India to Ireland used the Sanskrit language in academic treatises.
E)Anatolia lost influence and was no longer a major player in Near East politics.

Answer 1

iron slowly replaced bronze as the primary component of tools and weapons.

Question 2

The culture of the Hittites was:

A)hindered by their lack of writing.
B)preserved for posterity by the Kassittes.
C)based on ideas borrowed from the Hebrews.
D)strongly militaristic,prone to attacks on other peoples.
E)the source of all Middle Eastern cultures that followed them.

Answer 2

strongly militaristic,prone to attacks on other peoples.

Question 3

The people who settled in Anatolia around 2000 b.c.e.and built a powerful,militaristic kingdom there over the next 400 years are known as the:

A)Philistines.
B)Assyrians.
C)Babylonians.
D)Hittites.
E)Chaldeans.

Answer 3

Hittites.

Question 4

When Akhenaten died and was succeeded by Tutankhaten,

A)Tutankhaten continued the religious reforms of his predecessor.
B)the priests of Amon knew their cause was hopeless.
C)the young pharaoh stepped down from the throne,knowing he was too young to rule.
D)the Hebrews took advantage of the opportunity to flee Egypt.
E)the new pharaoh returned to traditional ways of worship.

Question 5

The reforms of Akhenaten:

A)failed to convert many Egyptians to the new religion.
B)led all subsequent pharaohs to adopt the new faith.
C)had the support of much of the priestly class.
D)led many Egyptians to convert to the new faith.
E)led to Akhenaten being declared a deity after his death.

Question 6

Hatshepsut was regularly portrayed as masculine in Egyptian statuary because:

A)she had become a priest of Amon-Ra.
B)she needed to demonstrate that,like male pharaohs,she ruled in her own right.
C)she regularly led her troops in battle in men's clothing.
D)her court-appointed artists wanted to defame her.
E)she wanted to challenge traditional masculine authority.

Question 7

The Hyksos were finally expelled from Egypt by:

A)Hatshepsut.
B)Thutmose I.
C)Thutmose II.
D)Ahmose.
E)Ptolemy III.

Question 8

By the fourteenth century b.c.e. ,international relations were marked by:

A)suspicions and hostility: states wanted as little contact as possible.
B)strictly limited trade in essential goods only: grain,oil,wine,and salt.
C)feelings of brotherhood between the Hittites and the Assyrians.
D)diplomatic standards,polite forms of address,gifts,and alliances.
E)continual warfare between the regional powers.

Question 9

Hattusilis and his successors eventually expanded the Hittite Kingdom by:

A)satisfying the demands of the warrior nobility,who agreed to assist the king's plans for expansion.
B)annexing the neighboring kingdom of Babylon and using it as a base of operation.
C)sacking the fabled city of Babylon and collecting its riches.
D)negotiating with the Egyptians and signing a formal peace treaty with them.
E)defeating the Mitannians by inventing the chariot for use in battle.

Question 10

Egypt's New Kingdom was introduced by which of the following?

A)Cleopatra
B)Hatshepsut
C)Ahmose
D)Thutmose I
E)Ramses II

Question 11

Which of the following is true regarding the Hyksos,who invaded Egypt around 1700 b.c.e.?

A)Little is known of their origins
B)They migrated out of central Asia
C)They migrated out of central Africa
D)They introduced the crossbow
E)They were responsible for eradicating Egyptian culture

Question 12

When the Hyksos conquered Lower Egypt in the Egypt's Second Intermediate Period,they:

A)dismantled all Egyptian forms of government.
B)desecrated Egyptian temples dedicated to Ra.
C)moved the capital of Lower Egypt to Thebes.
D)used a military aristocracy to govern.
E)adopted the machinery of pharaonic government.

Question 13

The New Kingdom,particularly the Eighteenth Dynasty,was marked by:

A)a return to traditional values of peaceful rule and indifference to the world.
B)the ultimate triumph of the Hyksos and the fall of the Egyptian empire.
C)the failure of Pharaoh Amuse to control his military forces.
D)the peak of Egyptian cultural achievement,and political and military power.
E)the conversion of the entire Egyptian society to monotheism and their rejection of traditional gods and goddesses.

Question 14

The most fearsome warriors of the Bronze Age were the:

A)Hittites.
B)Phoenicians.
C)Chaldeans.
D)Hebrews.
E)Anatolians.

Question 15

Following the death of Hatshepsut:

A)her mortuary temple was eventually destroyed.
B)she was proclaimed Egypt's greatest ruler.
C)attempts were made to erase her legacy.
D)Egyptian society entered a long period of decline.
E)the greatest pyramids were constructed.

Question 16

Which of the following was the capital of Egypt during the New Kingdom?

A)Thebes
B)Alexandria
C)Memphis
D)Leontopolis
E)Bubastis

Question 17

During the Late Bronze Age (1500-1200 b.c.e. )in the ancient Near East,the two great imperial powers were:

A)New Kingdom Egypt and the Hittite empire.
B)New Kingdom Egypt and classical Greece.
C)the Sumerians and the Egyptians.
D)the Hebrews and the Canaanites.
E)the Canaanites and the Hittite empire.

Question 18

Prior to the reign of Amenhotep IV,Amon was represented as a:

A)man with the head of a wolf.
B)man with the head of a lamb.
C)woman with the head of a cat.
D)woman with the head of a camel.
E)man with the head of a falcon.

Question 19

Akhenaten represents one of the earliest moves,in Western history,toward:

A)a centralized government with all authority resting with the ruler.
B)centralized planning of all aspects of the country's economy.
C)a regulated system of delivering messages throughout the country.
D)monotheistic religious practices.
E)a theocracy.

Question 20

Which of the following was a deadly new innovation introduced by the Hittites?

A)Crossbow
B)Horse-drawn chariot
C)Landmine
D)Guerilla warfare
E)Chemical warfare

Question 21

Members of the group known in the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament)as the Philistines shared cultural affinities with the:

A)Egyptians.
B)Minoans.
C)Mycenaeans.
D)Hyksos.
E)Hittites.

Question 22

Heinrich Schliemann and Sir Arthur Evans:

A)were archaeologists who dug up Troy,Mycenae,and Knossos.
B)refused to accept the historical character of Homer's Iliad and Odyssey.
C)argued that the Greeks had taken all their ideas from African cultures.
D)discovered the source of the annual flooding of the Nile.
E)were archaeologists who discovered Pharos,the lighthouse of Alexandria.

Question 23

The earlier Assyrian empire had been devastated by the _________,but in the ninth century b.c.e. ,the foundations for a neo-Assyrian empire were laid by Assurnasirpal II.

A)Phoenicians
B)Mycenaeans
C)Minoans
D)Sea Peoples
E)Egyptians

Question 24

The discoveries of Schliemann and Evans indicated that:

A)Bronze Age Greece contributed nothing to the ancient world.
B)Bronze Age Greece was far more historically significant than previously thought.
C)the battle of Troy did not actually occur.
D)Homer did not actually exist.
E)ancient Greeks had no interest in the arts.

Question 25

The tomb of the Griffin Warrior indicates that:

A)Mycenaeans viewed warriors as gods.
B)a great deal of cultural transfer took place.
C)Mycenaeans practiced simple,austere funeral rites.
D)warriors were not respected in Mycenaean culture.
E)Mycenaeans did not believe in the afterlife.

Question 26

The collapse of Mycenaean Greece in the thirteenth century b.c.e.:

A)was caused by a Persian invasion.
B)led to devastating effects around the ancient world.
C)was caused by an Egyptian invasion.
D)was the result of an outbreak of the plague.
E)marked the beginning of the Bronze Age.

Question 27

The story of Moses's childhood was apparently based on a similar story about:

A)Hammurabi.
B)Darius.
C)Sargon the Great.
D)Ramses II.
E)Thutmose.

Question 28

In the late nineteenth century,the site of the epic battle of Troy was located in:

A)Anatolia.
B)Tunisia.
C)Greece.
D)Crete.
E)Malta.

Question 29

King David's rule was significant in establishing:

A)the principle of monarchy: in God's eyes,whatever a king does is right.
B)a unified Israelite people with a new national capital at Jerusalem.
C)Israeli claims to rule over the East Bank of the Jordan.
D)an empire that dominated its neighbors for centuries.
E)a ruling family that has lasted to the present day.

Question 30

The remains of the palace compound of Knossos:

A)are older than any on the Greek mainland.
B)are the only surviving remains from ancient Greece.
C)were built by the Akkadians.
D)were built in Anatolia.
E)were built by the Egyptians.

Question 31

The Hebrew Bible is an unparalleled historical source that describes the cultural practices and theological development of the Hebrew people.However,most historians believe that:

A)the biblical stories are essentially unique to the Hebrews,with no parallels in other Near Eastern societies.
B)few historical events actually happened as they are described in the text.
C)it represents a factual account of the events it relates-the most accurate record of the period we have today.
D)the Hebrew people never really struggled with the Canaanites.
E)the Bible's composite nature means that each biblical book should be analyzed within its particular context.

Question 32

Evidence of widespread trade and diverse cultural influences was particularly pronounced in:

A)mountain villages.
B)small towns far away from the coast.
C)temples and religious altars.
D)coastal cities.
E)agricultural areas.

Question 33

The Hebrew people,according to archaeological and linguistic evidence,were essentially:

A)Egyptian.
B)Philistine.
C)Chaldean.
D)Canaanite.
E)Hyksos.

Question 34

Much of what we know about the Philistines comes from the:

A)Persians.
B)Greeks.
C)Hittites.
D)Hebrews.
E)Egyptians.

Question 35

The Phoenician city of Byblos,which was a clearinghouse for papyrus,became the basis for the word:

A)paper.
B)book.
C)bandage.
D)bark.
E)tree.

Question 36

Influenced by their long struggle to survive,the Assyrians:

A)tried to appease their neighbors' demands for food and land.
B)refused to share their advanced culture and political system.
C)created a multicultural union of civilized states.
D)acted very aggressively toward other peoples.
E)developed a diverse cultural empire that outlasted its political influence.

Question 37

The Minoans:

A)remained isolated politically and economically from the rest of the ancient world.
B)were civil servants in a redistributive economy,not warriors.
C)wrote tablets in Linear A to record their economic transactions.
D)can be identified as non-Greek allies of the Hittites and Egyptians.
E)were warrior people who conquered most of the eastern Mediterranean.

Question 38

The system of writing developed by the citizens of Ugarit:

A)combined Egyptian hieroglyphics and Mesopotamian cuneiform.
B)used an alphabet of about thirty symbols for the consonants.
C)was hopelessly inefficient for the needs of trade.
D)constituted a secret language used by diplomats and spies.
E)was adopted throughout the region as an easier alternative to Phoenician.

Question 39

Relations after 1500 b.c.e.are more appropriately referred to as "transnational" because:

A)of the transcendence of Egypt during the Eighteenth Dynasty.
B)the superpowers of the Near East created the first multinational governing body.
C)the political and economic networks transcended national boundaries and identities.
D)of the emergence of the Persian Empire as the sole political entity in the region.
E)boundaries between kingdoms in this period were flexible and changed often.

Question 40

The Minoan empire is described as a thalassocracy,which means:

A)military empire.
B)empire of the sea.
C)agricultural empire.
D)hereditary monarchy.
E)dual monarchy.

Question 41

The word "philistine" has come to be synonymous with sophistication and refinement.

Question 42

The Hyksos invasion of Lower Egypt allowed the Nubians to establish an independent kingdom.

Question 43

The center of Mycenaean society was the village,which gave a sense of family and responsibility to the people and encouraged loyalty to the king,who was depicted as a father to his people.

Question 44

Unlike other rulers,Cyrus of Persia (559-529 b.c.e. ):

A)introduced metallic coinage in Asia Minor.
B)took the Hebrew people into captivity in his capital city.
C)lost a great empire to the barbarian tribes of Central Asia.
D)granted self-rule and religious freedom to conquered peoples.
E)granted self-rule to conquered peoples who accepted the Persian religion.

Question 45

Anatolia grew in wealth and became urbanized in part due to the Assyrians who changed from a nomadic lifestyle to become caravan merchants.

Question 46

The Assyrian king:

A)also served as chief priest of the Assyrian religion.
B)was in constant conflict with the chief priests of the Assyrian religion who used their power over the people to challenge the powers of the ruling class.
C)did not act as a military leader but as a god embodied on earth.
D)was chosen from a band of select warriors rather than being a hereditary position.
E)was purely a military leader who ruled with a co-king who was the political leader.

Question 47

The Minoans worshiped an early form of the Greek pantheon of gods and goddesses.

Question 48

Which Hebrew prophet is attributed with brining a strict interpretation of the Torah from Persia to Jerusalem?

A)Ezekiel
B)Moses
C)Ezra
D)Abraham
E)Nathaniel

Question 49

The Hittites were ruthless warriors who saw no value in incorporating the culture of their conquered enemies.

Question 50

Zarathustra attempted to redefine religion:

A)as a set of ritual practices centered on animal sacrifice.
B)so that it would be concerned more with dietary rules and ritual.
C)as the mystical insights achieved through fasting.
D)as ethical practices common to all people.
E)as practices centered on temple worship conducted by priests.

Question 51

Before the Persian Empire could be formed,the Persian people had first to defeat their rulers,the:

A)Babylonians.
B)Egyptians.
C)Lydians.
D)Assyrians.
E)Chaldeans.

Question 52

The Hebrew people became unified in their worship of Yahweh due to:

A)Moses forbidding the worship of false gods.
B)Saul outlawing all other activities of worship.
C)the kings of Judah imposing the worship of Yahweh on the kingdom of Israel.
D)prophetic insistence on the need for a united Hebrew identity under neo-Assyrian rule.
E)the destruction of the city of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar.

Question 53

The effect of the arrival of the Sea Peoples on the Near East was to force fledgling kingdoms to unite,through conquest or consent,in order to stand up to this new threat.

Question 54

The term thalassocracy means "sea empire."

Question 55

The Hebrews were allowed to return to their lands following the conquest of Babylon by:

A)Hammurabi.
B)Ramses II.
C)Thutmose II.
D)Amenhotep IV.
E)Cyrus.

Question 56

The accomplishments of King Darius of Persia included:

A)recruiting foreign mercenaries for his armies.
B)building roads for transport and postal service.
C)extending Persian rule over Greece and the Aegean.
D)capturing the bandits that had terrorized Persepolis.
E)conquering the civilization of the Indus River Valley.

Question 57

The Assyrians modeled their laws on:

A)laws written by Egyptian pharaohs.
B)the laws of the Hittites.
C)Hammurabi's Code.
D)religious beliefs.
E)the laws of conquered enemies.

Question 58

The scriptures of Zoroastrianism were known as:

A)the Torah.
B)the Koran.
C)Hammurabi's Code.
D)the Avesta.
E)The Republic.

Question 59

The Greek term Phoenician means "purple people."

Question 60

Thutmose I was the pharaoh who expelled the Hyksos and restored Egyptian confidence and reunification.

Question 61

What was the Phoenician sphere of influence in the Early Iron Age?

Question 62

Compare and contrast the strengths and weaknesses of the Davidic dynasty in the Hebrew Kingdom.

Question 63

How did Akhenaten differ from his predecessors in his religious practices?

Question 64

How did the cultures of the Minoans and Mycenaeans contribute to the development of Greece?

Question 65

Describe the effect of the Sea Peoples on the kingdoms and economies of the Late Bronze Age.

Question 66

What significant contributions were made by the Phoenicians?

Question 67

The grand temple complex in Jerusalem was built by David.

Question 68

In what ways can it be said that the Late Bronze Age was an "international system"?

Question 69

What factors contributed to the success of the Persian Empire?

Question 70

Analyze the role of warfare and terror in the formation,rulership,and fall of the Assyrian empire.

Question 71

The "Babylonian captivity" of the Hebrew people began in the rule of Cyrus the Great.

Question 72

Most of our knowledge of the ancient Hebrews comes from Egyptian records of them.

Question 73

The Neo-Assyrians saw military conquest as a way of worshipping their god,Assur.

Question 74

The first five books of the Old Testament are usually attributed to Abraham.

Question 75

What was the effect of the Hyksos invasion on Egypt?