Deck 12: Revolutions and Nation Building, 1848-1871

Question 1

Lajos Kossuth:

A)sought independence and a parliamentary government for Hungary.
B)was a Polish radical.
C)became an outspoken critic of pan-Slavism.
D)fought for a united Czech nation.
E)fought for the unification of Germany.

Answer 1

sought independence and a parliamentary government for Hungary.

Question 2

The 1848 revolution in Germany entered its second stage with the:

A)strike by the textile weavers of Silesia.
B)appointment of Otto von Bismarck as chancellor.
C)resignation of Kaiser Frederick Wilhelm.
D)election of the all-German Assembly in Frankfurt.
E)assassination of Kaiser Wilhelm I.

Answer 2

election of the all-German Assembly in Frankfurt.

Question 3

Beginning in the mid-1850s under Napoleon III,much of Paris was rebuilt with both social and political concerns in mind.This reconstruction was directed by:

A)Compte de Chateaubriand.
B)Baron Haussmann.
C)Marquis de Lafayette.
D)Baron Arouet.
E)Compte de Rothschilde.

Answer 3

Baron Haussmann.

Question 4

In 1859,the classic defense of liberty,On Liberty,was written by:

A)John Stuart Mill.
B)Jeremy Bentham.
C)Harriet Taylor.
D)William Godwin.
E)Benjamin Disraeli.

Question 5

The German Confederation:

A)provided a common defense and real executive power.
B)was created at the Congress of Vienna.
C)did not include either Austria or Prussia.
D)was created by Otto von Bismarck.
E)was dominated by Austria and did not include Prussia.

Question 6

Prussia's most successful counter to Austrian power was the creation of a customs union that established free trade among the German states and a uniform tariff against the rest of the world.This customs union was called the:

A)Tarigewerkschaft.
B)Zollverein.
C)Verbindungsteuer.
D)Zollschätzen.
E)Schutstaffel.

Question 7

The Italian Romantic nationalist,Giuseppe Mazzini:

A)held secret meetings with Napoleon III to secure Elba for Italy.
B)sought to unite Italy under the leadership of Victor Emmanuel II.
C)led a successful invasion of Sicily from Switzerland in 1848.
D)detested the Carbonari for its role in advocating labor strikes.
E)was on a mission to bring republicanism to the common people of the world.

Question 8

In his book The Subjection of Women,John Stuart Mill advocated the:

A)right of women to vote.
B)subjection of women to men.
C)right of women to work as domestic servants.
D)right of women to enter religious orders.
E)subjection of women to the Church of England.

Question 9

The Frankfurt Assembly was plagued by:

A)a virulent pamphlet war between liberals and socialists.
B)the question of working-class demands for social reform.
C)the question of a national religion.
D)disunity caused by religious differences.
E)the problem of nationality.

Question 10

In 1867,the conservative government of Great Britain passed the Great Reform Bill which:

A)repealed all taxes on food.
B)doubled the franchise by extending the vote,in general,to all skilled workers.
C)allowed the British parliament to restrict the franchise in special elections.
D)provided for the world's first pension program for workers.
E)repealed the Corn Laws.

Question 11

Giuseppe Mazzini's vision of the future for Italy was not shared by all Italians,some of whom,unlike Mazzini,wanted to see an Italy united under:

A)Austrian rule.
B)a Great Germany.
C)a democratic,Italian government.
D)French rule.
E)the papacy.

Question 12

In Austria,the Habsburg emperor referred to the revolution of 1848 as:

A)"a fight for the survival of the Austrian people."
B)"the death blow to all European radicals."
C)"the final chapter of the French Revolution."
D)"a holy struggle against anarchy."
E)"a holy war against Russian orthodoxy."

Question 13

The Frankfurt Assembly argued two separate configurations for a united Germany: a "Great Germany" to include all Germans and a "Small Germany" to include all Germans with the exception of those:

A)in the South German Confederation.
B)in the North German Confederation.
C)in the Habsburg empire.
D)Germans living in Poland.
E)Germans living in Prussia.

Question 14

The French Revolution of 1848 resulted in:

A)a series of political dinners being held across the country.
B)toppling of the government of King Louis Philippe.
C)France's defeat in the Franco-Prussian War.
D)the establishment of the Third Republic.
E)toppling of the government of Charles X.

Question 15

Although he believed in personal power and a strong central government,Napoleon III permitted the creation of:

A)a Supreme National Tribunal with veto power over his rule.
B)a revitalized National Assembly under the control of the socialists.
C)strong provincial parlements as a guard against peasant uprisings.
D)trade unions and legalized strikes to win favor with workers.
E)a National Executive Council to oversee his work as president.

Question 16

Many demands were made of the Austrian empire during the 1848 revolution;one concession made by the government was the:

A)inclusion of the Hungarian royal house in the line of succession to the throne.
B)establishment of open enrollment for state universities for all citizens.
C)establishment of a Parliament with veto power over imperial edicts.
D)granting of universal male suffrage.
E)abolition of serfdom.

Question 17

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended the war between:

A)Mexico and the United States.
B)Spain and Mexico.
C)Spain and the United States.
D)Mexico and France.
E)Canada and the United States.

Question 18

Passed in March 1848,the March Laws:

A)were rejected utterly by Ferdinand I.
B)were welcomed by Serbs,Croats,and Romanians living in Hungary.
C)made no provision for an adjustment in the franchise.
D)led to Austrian hegemony being restored in Hungary.
E)were welcomed by Magyars in Hungary but rejected by Austrians.

Question 19

The idea that the Slavic peoples of Europe should be united as one through their unique culture was promoted through the writings of:

A)Lajos Kossuth.
B)Ján Kollár.
C)Salvy Dcera.
D)Pan Tadeusz.
E)Hieronymus Palack.

Question 20

Who led the "Thousand" that set out to liberate Sicily from Bourbon rule in 1860?

A)Lajos Kossuth
B)Camillo Benso di Cavour
C)Francis II of France
D)Giuseppe Garibaldi
E)Giuseppe Mazzini

Question 21

The first emperor of a united Germany was:

A)Wilhelm I.
B)Wilhelm II.
C)Friedrich Wilhelm I.
D)Otto II.
E)Wilhelm Friedrich II.

Question 22

As a result of the Crimean War:

A)Russia gained absolute control over the Balkans.
B)Austrian influence in the Balkans was increased.
C)Romania lost its independence.
D)the Ottoman army was destroyed.
E)Russia lost its influence in the Balkans.

Question 23

The incident that began the Franco-Prussian War was:

A)the French repression of German student fraternities west of the Rhine.
B)a banquet held in honor of Napoleon's victory at Jena.
C)the assassination of the Prussian ambassador to France.
D)a public scandal that implicated Otto von Bismarck.
E)an international misunderstanding created by Otto von Bismarck.

Question 24

Bismarck was appointed to the post of minister-president of Prussia in 1862 because:

A)Kaiser Wilhelm I needed him to control a liberal Parliament.
B)he had vast expertise in the administrative bureaucracy of Prussia.
C)he had extreme nationalist aspirations.
D)he had experience as a Prussian Junker.
E)he was a weak politician Kaiser Wilhelm I could control.

Question 25

Although the term Realpolitik was closely associated with Otto von Bismarck,it was coined by the former German revolutionary:

A)Friedrich von Schiller.
B)Ludwig Feuerbach.
C)August Ludwig von Rochau.
D)Arthur Schopenhauer.
E)Rosa Luxemburg.

Question 26

One result of the Seven Weeks' War in 1866 was that:

A)the weakness of the Prussian military was revealed.
B)Austria was forced to give up all claims to Schleswig and Holstein.
C)the power of the German Confederation was enlarged.
D)the Ottomans were finally pushed out of the Crimean Peninsula.
E)the Danes became a subject people of the Prussians.

Question 27

When Frederick William IV succeeded to the throne in 1840 he:

A)supported constitutionalism.
B)allowed his authority to be questioned by his subjects.
C)sent an army to crush a revolt of textile weavers in Silesia.
D)ruled with assistance from elected legislatures.
E)sent an army to invade Poland.

Question 28

In the aftermath of the 1848 revolution,Frederick William of Prussia rejected a new constitution.Two years later,he accepted a constitution that allowed for the election of a Parliament with voting based on:

A)universal male suffrage,although votes were weighted based on taxes paid.
B)membership in one of the three estates;the Third Estate received only a partial vote.
C)ethnic heritage;only those who could prove German heritage for three generations were allowed to vote.
D)land ownership;only those who owned property would be allowed to vote.
E)a family's wealth;only those families with a total wealth of at least 1 million marks could vote.

Question 29

All were components of Italian unification except:

A)Cavour's alliance with Napoleonic France in war against Austria.
B)Piedmont-Sardinia's annexation of Lombardy.
C)Tuscany,Parma and Modena joining the new Italian state by plebiscite.
D)Rome named the capital of the United Italian kingdom.
E)Francis II,king of the Two Sicilies,support for Italian unification.

Question 30

Central to the Jeffersonian Revolution included all of the following except:

A)opposition to a national religion.
B)opposition to special privilege based on birth.
C)a dependency on free,independent farmers.
D)territorial expansion.
E)stimulation of commerce by establishing central banking institutions.

Question 31

Democrats under Andrew Jackson campaigned for:

A)expansion of U.S.territory to provide more land for cotton production.
B)the addition of a Bill of Rights to the Constitution.
C)universal suffrage for white males.
D)full integration of Native Americans of the Old South into American society.
E)the extension of slavery throughout the United States by repealing the Mason-Dixon Law.

Question 32

The expression the "Eastern Question" refers to the:

A)question of who would benefit as the Ottoman empire lost its grip in southeastern Europe.
B)problem of Jewish settlements in the Habsburg empire.
C)ongoing conflict between Russia and China.
D)relationship between Slavophiles and Russian Westernizers.
E)deep suspicion of the French and the British of Russian political goals in the West.

Question 33

The American Civil War resulted in many changes for the United States,among which were the abolishment of slavery,a rapid expansion of the national economy,and:

A)the eradication of deep racial divisions,which had split the country.
B)a newfound national unity,which crossed class divisions.
C)the preeminence of the national government over states' rights.
D)its emergence as a world power with its newly won colonies.
E)the establishment of the largest standing army in the world.

Question 34

The Franco-Prussian War was waged:

A)because Bismarck wanted to annex Schleswig and Holstein.
B)in order to destroy the North German Confederation.
C)as the final stage in German unification.
D)to reduce the power of the Habsburg empire.
E)to allow Bismarck to seize power in Prussia.

Question 35

In the nineteenth century,both the United States and Russia shared a similar problem in building their respective nations,which was:

A)the lack of an extensive rail system to transport goods.
B)slavery and serfdom.
C)the many competing nationalities living within their borders.
D)lack of a strong central government.
E)the rapid expansion of the territory under their control.

Question 36

Bismarck's quest for a united Germany required that he:

A)placate Austria as much as possible so as not to cause Austria to declare war to stop Prussia.
B)use diplomacy as his means of achieving unification as Austria and France remained the military powers in Europe.
C)fight short,deliberate wars to achieve limited ends that would eventually lead to unification.
D)create a House of Nobles in addition to the legislative assembly to give a voice to the rulers of all the independent German states in exchange for their uniting with Prussia.
E)defeat both Austria and Russia in the War of the Austrian Succession in 1870.

Question 37

The Second Empire in France was founded in 1852:

A)after a majority vote of the people.
B)after Louis Napoleon seized power.
C)immediately following a bloody revolution.
D)after the Franco-Prussian War.
E)after France invaded Mexico.

Question 38

The decree emancipating 22 million Russian serfs in 1861:

A)produced limited change and was difficult to enforce.
B)contained no provision for the compensation of landowners.
C)turned a nation of agricultural laborers into a nation of farmers.
D)reduced the power of the mir,or peasant commune.
E)led to the rapid industrialization of Russia due to the increased number of newly created factory workers.

Question 39

Karl Marx summarized the relationship between Napoleon Bonaparte and _________ by stating: "All facts and personages of great importance in world history occur twice ...the first time as tragedy,the second as farce."

A)N.Lenin
B)Nicholas II of Russia
C)Otto von Bismarck
D)Louis Napoleon
E)Louis XVIII

Question 40

One result of the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 was the:

A)freeing of the serfs in Russia.
B)unification of the United Provinces in the Netherlands.
C)accession of Napoleon III to the throne in France.
D)uniting of Venetia with the rest of Italy.
E)passage of the Reform Bill of 1867 in Britain.

Question 41

Prussian victories in war weakened liberal opposition to the king and Bismarck's policies by refocusing the attention of the people on international affairs and positive outcomes.

Question 42

The massive rebuilding effort in France,financed by Crédit Mobilier,was especially focused on preserving the medieval center of Paris as a symbol of its glorious past.

Question 43

Which of the below individuals are mismatched?

A)Frantisek Palacky-Polish poet
B)Bela Bartok-Hungarian composer
C)Gustav Klimt-Viennese painter
D)Sigmund Freud-Jewish doctor
E)Gustav Mahler-German Austrian composer

Question 44

In 1871,the German Empire was proclaimed at Berlin.

Question 45

Nation building in the United States was inextricably linked to the expropriation of Native American lands.

Question 46

John Stuart Mill:

A)authored essays on women's political rights.
B)worked closely with Jeremy Bentham in the defense of personal liberties.
C)supported the woman's suffrage movement with limitations.
D)argued that women's freedom was a measure of social progress.
E)His On Liberty became one of the defining texts on Western socialism.

Question 47

The revised German system of voting,in which voters were divided into three classes according to how much tax they paid,was a much more representative system than the medieval electoral system of representation by estate.

Question 48

Napoleon III:

A)controlled France's finances with the approval of the French Legislature.
B)disallowed the existence of trade unions and strikes.
C)sought exclusively worker support to reestablish France as a leading world power.
D)partnered with the French Legislature to draft laws.
E)believed in personal rule and a centralized state.

Question 49

All are major nationalist movements against the Hapsburg Empire of the 18 century except:

A)Polish land owners and Polish gentry.
B)the Magyar aristocracy in the Hungarian region.
C)the cultural movement united by pro-Slavic sentiment.
D)German liberals in support of a strong Prussian state.
E)Estonian workers in support of self-determination.

Question 50

Bismarck supported the monarchy and fiercely opposed the liberal movement,despite being born into the Junker class of the liberal working class.

Question 51

The great wave of nation building that occurred in the period 1848-1871 largely followed the democratic ideals and political principles laid out by the liberal revolutionaries of 1848.

Question 52

Education was a goal of the Prussian reformers prior to 1848.

Question 53

All contributed to German Unification in 1871 except:

A)creation of the Confederation of the Rhine by Napoleon I.
B)August Ludwig von Rochau's The Principals of Realpolitik Applied to the Conditions of Germany.
C)the Seven Weeks War with Austria (1866).
D)Otto von Bismark's appointment as prime minister of Prussia in 1862.
E)The Franco Prussian War of 1870-1872.

Question 54

The Pope's relationship with the United Italian Kingdom in July 1871:

A)was limited by the Law of Papal Guarantees.
B)was recognized as head of a sovereign state.
C)was a puppet of the Italian secular government.
D)consisted of a partnership working with the Italian Legislature.
E)was defined by the Law of Separation.

Question 55

The provisional government of the new French republic of 1848 for the first time consisted of:

A)socialists.
B)conservists.
C)liberals.
D)communists.
E)Catholics.

Question 56

The Crimean War was,in essence,a response to the collapse of the Ottoman Empire.

Question 57

All were results of the Crimean War except:

A)loss of the Turkish fleet at Sinope.
B)first tactical use of railroads and telegraphs.
C)Russian influence in the Balkans was drastically curbed.
D)British poor management of the war provoked waves of intense criticism.
E)the provinces of Moldavia and Walachia were united as Romania.

Question 58

The Russian emancipation decree of 1861 revolutionized land holding within Russia,with devastating results for the large-scale landowners.

Question 59

The Civil War in the United States,1861-1865,resulted in:

A)Texas being admitted as a state into the union.
B)the preeminence of the national government over state's rights.
C)southern states leading the way in progressive railroad development.
D)the fifteenth Amendment being passed.
E)disappearance of racial and regional divides in the wake of nation building activities.

Question 60

Across the nineteenth century,Russia faced nationality questions from:

A)Poles,Georgians,Lithuanians,and Belorussians.
B)Poles,Lithuanians,Czechs,and Ukrainians.
C)Poles,Lithuanians,Belorussians,and Ukrainians.
D)Georgians,Lithuanians,Belorussians,and Ukrainians.
E)Georgians,Czechs,Lithuanians,and Ukrainians.

Question 61

Although Cavour skillfully cultivated and alliance with France,one of Austria's traditional rivals,Napoleon III eventually withdrew his support for Italian independence.

Question 62

Was Bismarck the key to success in the building of a German nation-state?

Question 63

Nationalistic reforms drafted by the Hungarian parliament known as the 1848 March Laws,led to successful implementation of such reforms as freedom of the press and religion,and abolishment of serfdom.

Question 64

Compare and contrast the problems Russia and the United States experienced in their nation building.

Question 65

How did slavery polarize the states,and why did it lead to war?

Question 66

What were the domestic and international effects of the U.S.Civil War?

Question 67

What role did the Dissenters play in the rise of the British Liberal Party and why?

Question 68

In what ways did the Crimean War change warfare?

Question 69

Compare and contrast the efforts of Garibaldi and Cavour to establish Italian unity.

Question 70

What made the third quarter of the nineteenth century so transformative for the Western world?

Question 71

Why was unification of Italy such a long and difficult process?

Question 72

The Crimean War,although fought largely with the same methods and mentalities employed in the Napoleonic Wars forty years earlier,brought innovations that forecast the direction of modern warfare.

Question 73

Despite the discipline of the British and French troops and their nation's dominance of the seas around the Crimean the Russians won a decisive victory at Sevastopol.

Question 74

Why did the Frankfurt Assembly not meet with the same success as the French Assembly in 1789?

Question 75

By April of 1849,German liberals saw national unification as necessary to maintain political stability.