Deck 19: Red Flags and Velvet Revolutions: the End of the Cold War, 1960-1990

Question 1

What international event staged during 1968 was specially marked by popular demonstrations and political violence?

A)The first summit held between the United States and Soviet leaders since the Eisenhower administration.
B)The West German national elections,prompting Willy Brandt's rise to power.
C)The French national elections.
D)The summer Olympic Games in Mexico City.
E)The meeting of the World Bank in Davos,Switzerland.

Answer 1

The summer Olympic Games in Mexico City.

Question 2

One manifestation of the upheavals of 1968 in Europe was the:

A)Prague Spring.
B)Sarajevo Awakening.
C)Vienna Spring.
D)Berlin Summer.
E)Moscow Thaw.

Answer 2

Prague Spring.

Question 3

One of the contributing factors to the "sexual revolution" of the 1960s was the ready availability of:

A)automobiles.
B)leisure time.
C)abortions.
D)rock 'n' roll music.
E)oral contraceptives.

Answer 3

oral contraceptives.

Question 4

For some,a perhaps unexpected consequence of the cultural revolution of the 1950s and 1960s was the:

A)re-release and popularity of classical recordings and concerts.
B)increase in attendance at jazz concerts that far surpassed ticket sales for rock-n-roll concerts.
C)downturn in sales of records of all genres.
D)surprising resurgence of popularity for folk music.
E)wave of popularity for country music that swept the United States.

Question 5

Which political act played a significant role in compounding the economic stagnation of Western Europe in the early 1970s?

A)The rapid expansion of state-run economies in Eastern Europe.
B)The oil embargo staged by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)in 1973.
C)The failure of Britain's devaluation of its currency in 1967 to produce a new wave of growth.
D)The sudden reversal of West Germany's industrial "economic miracle."
E)The global recession caused by the near collapse of the Japanese economy.

Question 6

While most African American leaders in the 1960s were working within the Civil Rights Movement,some sought complete independence from white society.The most influential of these nationalist leaders was:

A)Roy Wilkins.
B)Stokley Carmichael.
C)Martin Luther King Jr.
D)Malcolm X (Little).
E)Eldridge Cleaver.

Question 7

Among those who encouraged refusing to register for the draft were Dr.Benjamin Spock,the nation's leading pediatrician,and _________,the chaplain of Yale University.

A)Leonard Nimoy
B)Daniel Berrigan
C)William Sloane Coffin
D)William Appleman Williams
E)Hunter Thompson

Question 8

The American Civil Rights Movement headed by Dr.Martin Luther King Jr.embraced the philosophy of nonviolence espoused by the Indian social and political activist:

A)Dogan Upshanishads.
B)Ram Dass.
C)Dharma Dyane.
D)Jawaharlal Nehru.
E)Mohandas Gandhi.

Question 9

Which of the following were immediate causes of the unrest in Paris during 1968?

A)The nearly universal unpopularity of President Charles de Gaulle.
B)Fears concerning the possibility of nuclear war and demands for unilateral French disarmament.
C)Anger and frustration over France's bitter and divisive colonial war in Algeria.
D)Demands for modernization of university life and wage increases for embattled industries.
E)France's defeat in Indochina at the battle of Dien Bien Phu.

Question 10

Following World War II,the one segment of the work force that expanded most rapidly was:

A)agricultural workers.
B)factory line workers.
C)top management.
D)white-collar workers.
E)middle management.

Question 11

Which of the following did NOT endure and grow following the 1960s?

A)The environmental movement.
B)Second-wave feminism.
C)Opposition to nuclear weapons.
D)Violent student protests.
E)The student population.

Question 12

In the Soviet Union under Nikita Khrushchev,education was aimed at:

A)providing the state with engineers and scientists so that they would "win" the space race.
B)increasing the efficiency of Soviet industry so that it might better compete with the West.
C)providing jobs for those college graduates who could not function in the economy;they could teach if they could not produce.
D)unifying a nation that remained,fifty years after its founding,culturally heterogeneous.
E)providing the state with the expertise to continue to compete favorably with the West militarily.

Question 13

In the 1960s,a crack in the monolithic façade of the Americanization of Western culture appeared on the music scene with:

A)the "British invasion."
B)the popularity of reggae.
C)the "French invasion."
D)the resurgence of classical music.
E)the "German invasion."

Question 14

Which of the following was NOT an issue addressed by the American Civil Rights Movement,in addition to racial equality?

A)Greater toleration of minority religions,particularly Islam
B)Greater accountability of private and public corporations to the general public
C)Opposition to U.S.involvement in Vietnam
D)The elimination of poverty and other gross material inequalities
E)Urban economic development

Question 15

The new culture of mass consumption in Western Europe was marked by all of the following except:

A)the institution of credit payments for purchases.
B)an expanded advertising industry.
C)the creation of marketing divisions by industry.
D)a shift in values.
E)extended work weeks.

Question 16

Which of the following was an immediate political consequence of the events of 1968?

A)A new wave of left-leaning governments in Western Europe and the United States.
B)Widespread resentment of Soviet power in Eastern Europe.
C)The political recovery of leading conservatives from the United States to Czechoslovakia.
D)A widespread diplomatic impetus for new talks between the superpowers,curbing the Cold War.
E)The birth of the environmental movement as the focus of student activists.

Question 17

Twentieth-century feminists focused on social changes and social equality.The leading French theorist of the movement was:

A)Olympe de Gouges.
B)Aurore Dupin Dudevant.
C)Simone de Beauvoir.
D)Berthe Morisot.
E)Maria de Weber.

Question 18

One of the most divisive events in the United States during the 1960s,and one that aggravated other social and political tensions,was the:

A)student campus protest.
B)Vietnam War.
C)Civil Rights Movement.
D)feminist movement.
E)1968 presidential election.

Question 19

Of all the economic changes that transformed Europe following World War II,the most dramatic was in the area of:

A)heavy manufacturing.
B)tourism.
C)construction.
D)consumer goods.
E)agriculture.

Question 20

One invention that helped further the spread of popular music was:

A)the LP record.
B)CDs.
C)transistor radios.
D)AM radio stations.
E)FM radio stations.

Question 21

Which of the following was NOT a result of to the dissolution of the Soviet Union?

A)Economic buccaneering by Russian and foreign entrepreneurs that often included organized crime.
B)The emergence of the United States as the sole superpower in the world.
C)Bitter ethnic conflicts on the margins of Russia,which persisted throughout the 1990s.
D)The near collapse of Russia's currency accompanied by severe economic hardship.
E)The removal of the Warsaw Pact.

Question 22

One consequence of the economic stagnation of the 1970s was:

A)the collapse of the governments of many Eastern bloc countries.
B)a severe depression in the Soviet Union.
C)the collapse of East Germany and its reunification with West Germany.
D)the rise of an independent labor movement in Poland.
E)the velvet divorce of Slovakia and the Czech Republic.

Question 23

The hopes raised by the changes in Eastern Europe in the late 1980s were,by 1989:

A)fully realized throughout most of the region.
B)understood to be taking longer and would be harder than originally thought.
C)co-opted by the communist establishment and diverted.
D)deferred by the military action taken by the Soviet Union in Afghanistan.
E)dashed completely by the repressive measures taken by the Warsaw Pact military.

Question 24

This abstract Impressionist,to emphasize the physical aspects of paint,poured and even threw paint onto canvas,creating powerful images of personal and physical expressiveness:

A)Mark Rothko.
B)Franz Kline.
C)Jackson Pollock.
D)William de Kooning.
E)Helen Frankenthaler.

Question 25

To what does the term velvet divorce refer?

A)The collapse of Czechoslovakia into the separate nations of the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
B)The political disenchantment of citizens in the former East and West Germany with reunification.
C)Slovenia's secession from the federal state of Yugoslavia.
D)The process by which Mikhail Gorbachev was ousted as leader of the Soviet Union.
E)The dissolution of Poland into two distinct nations after the fall of the Berlin Wall.

Question 26

Which of the following statements best characterizes the status of Eastern European economies of the 1970s in comparison to their counterparts in Western Europe?

A)Eastern European economies faced their own difficulties and restrictions,centered on debt.
B)Eastern European economies were tied more tightly to a relationship with their largest market,the Soviet Union.
C)Eastern European economies were unaffected by the oil embargo,continuing to operate on an even course.
D)Eastern Europeans enjoyed a period of unprecedented industrial and commercial expansion.
E)Eastern European economies shifted away from export-driven production and toward production for domestic consumption.

Question 27

The economic transformation that Western Europe experienced in the decades following World War II was,for the Eastern bloc:

A)the same.The Eastern bloc likewise experienced unprecedented growth.
B)virtually nonexistent.The Eastern bloc experienced an economic slowdown due to its failure to innovate.
C)even better.The Eastern bloc far outstripped Western Europe in economic growth.
D)similar.Unlike Western Europe,however,the Eastern bloc grew rapidly immediately after the war,but then suffered a serious recession in the late 1960s.
E)a little slower to develop.By the 1960s,the Eastern bloc had caught up with the West economically.

Question 28

Arguably the most repressive dictatorship in Eastern Europe was that of Nicolae Ceauşescu in:

A)Transylvania.
B)Bulgaria.
C)Romania.
D)Moravia.
E)Yugoslavia.

Question 29

What two visions of ethnically motivated politics came into conflict in Kosovo?

A)A "greater Serbia" and a "greater Albania."
B)A "greater Slovenia" and a "greater Croatia."
C)Orthodox Serbian Christianity and Bosnian Muslim fundamentalism.
D)Croatian and Serbian nationalism.
E)Serbian Muslim fundamentalism and Kosovan Orthodox Christianity.

Question 30

The term ethnic cleansing was coined in reference to:

A)Russian efforts to shed responsibility for republics with non-European majority populations after 1991.
B)deliberate campaigns of terror conducted by Serbian guerrillas in Bosnia,to force the flight of much larger populations of Muslims and Croatians.
C)the efforts of ethnic Albanians to rid Kosovo of ethnic Serbs through guerrilla warfare and terrorism.
D)new German immigration policies restricting opportunities for foreigners who were not ethnically German.
E)actions taken by the Romani in Yugoslavia to expel all Serbs,Croats,and Bosnians from their territory.

Question 31

In the years following the collapse of the Soviet Bloc,the most violent ethnic conflict occurred in:

A)Romania.
B)Czechoslovakia.
C)Yugoslavia.
D)Albania.
E)Bulgaria.

Question 32

All were aspects of the 1960s music except:

A)the radio was one of the new cultural expressions of the new generation.
B)advancements in music created new communities of learning.
C)wider distribution of radios gave birth to new musical radio programing.
D)magazines began reporting on popular singers and movie stars.
E)social changes affected the content of musical lyrics.

Question 33

Much of Eastern Europe in the late 1980s and 1990s made the transformation from communism to democracy peacefully;there were some exceptions,most notably in Yugoslavia under the rule of:

A)Slobodan Milosevic.
B)Wassily Kandinsky.
C)Franco Tudjman.
D)Ljubljana Zagreb.
E)Nicolae Ceauşescu.

Question 34

What was one of the first consequences of the Soviet policy of glasnost in Eastern Europe?

A)The mass migration of East German citizens to the West.
B)The reunification of Germany.
C)The overthrow of a conservative communist regime in Czechoslovakia.
D)A renewed revolution in Hungary by the survivors of the 1957 revolution.
E)The resurgence of the solidarity movement and other dissidents in Poland.

Question 35

After the success of the "velvet revolution" in Czechoslovakia,the first open elections resulted in the playwright _________ being elected president.

A)Háry János
B)Václav Havel
C)Jan Masaryk
D)Eduard Benes
E)Janos Kadar

Question 36

Which of the following Yugoslav republics first touched off the round of ethnic secessions from that nation in the early 1990s?

A)Croatia.
B)Slovenia.
C)Bosnia-Herzegovina.
D)Serbia.
E)Kosovo.

Question 37

The last general secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was:

A)Nicolae Ceauşescu.
B)Vladimir Zhirinovsky.
C)Mikhail Gorbachev.
D)Andrei Sakharov.
E)Boris Yeltsin.

Question 38

The Russian term perestroika refers to a:

A)program of economic restructuring in the Soviet Union.
B)process of calculated,unilateral arms reductions by the Soviet Union and matched by the West.
C)cultural resurgence of music,painting,and architecture based on Russian folk motifs.
D)new process of diplomatic détente launched by Mikhail Gorbachev during the 1990s.
E)program encouraging greater political and cultural openness in the Soviet Union.

Question 39

To what does the term safe areas refer?

A)Territory astride the recently demolished Berlin Wall claimed as neutral ground by citizens in both the Eastern and Western zones of the city.
B)The free fire zones in Kosovo which civilians were advised to avoid as only those armed combatants would be safe.
C)Demilitarized zones along the border between Croatia and Serbia.
D)Areas in Bosnia designated by the United Nations as free of violence for ethnic refugees during the civil war there.
E)Areas in Western European states bordering communist states that served as reception points for refugees in 1989.

Question 40

The idea of a single,unified Europe had been the dream of many for years,a dream that was finally partly realized in 1991 with the formation of the _________,which included a single currency,a central European bank,and unified social policies.

A)European Confederation
B)European Economic Association
C)United States of Europe
D)Confederation of European States
E)European Union

Question 41

Which of the following film personalities is not correctly paired with their work?

A)Federico Fellini-La Strada
B)Roberto Rossellini-Rome: Open City
C)Jean-Luc Godard-Breathless
D)Vittorio de Sica-Bicycle Thief
E)Francois Truffaut-A Generation

Question 42

The United States in the Vietnam War,1964:

A)under the Kennedy administration the United States escalated the war in Vietnam.
B)during the war Ho Chi Minh received support for the Soviet Union.
C)student protest against the war frequently ended in violence.
D)Richard Nixon fulfilling a campaign promise limited war activities.
E)rebels in the south known as Viet Cong were entrenched experienced guerrilla fighters.

Question 43

The "British invasion" was a group of successful British rock and roll bands that blended the American sounds of the new music of the 1960s with the inflections of their own poverty and defiance and added touches of music-hall showmanship.

Question 44

All of the below statements define The U.S film industry except:

A)did not use domestic politics of the cold War in their films.
B)had considerable advantages due to consolidation.
C)used important innovations such as conversion to color and widescreen.
D)some plots were generated from contemporary society.
E)preference of shooting on site rather than in a studio.

Question 45

Transformations of land and agriculture resulted in dramatic changes that enabled Germany,for example,to feed its people by 1980.

Question 46

The role of the United Nations in the Serbian Wars:

A)to support NATO forces against Serbs who were besieging the capital of Sarajevo.
B)to supply the hard-pressed Croat and Muslim fighters against the Serbs.
C)to settle military arbitration between Serbs,Croats,and Bosnians.
D)to proactively aid Serbian settlers in the village of Srebrenica.
E)to act as a peace keeping force with orders to treat all groups equally.

Question 47

Though harshly repressed in Russia,rock and roll made its way into the Soviet Union;pirated records were copied onto X-ray plates salvaged from hospitals.

Question 48

War was declared when this large Republic,once a part of the Hapsburg Empire,citing injustices by Serb officials in the Yugoslav government,declared Independence as a free capitalist state:

A)Croatia.
B)Bosnia.
C)Herzegovina.
D)Kosovo.
E)Slovenia.

Question 49

Western Europe in the post war years experienced rising employment,higher earnings,and lower agricultural prices combined to give household sand individuals more purchasing power.

Question 50

Some of the innovation in film in this period involved the use of color and widescreen technology.

Question 51

Education as part of the "mass culture":

A)West German universities met the need of the post war rise in student population.
B)students maintained a preference towards disciplined studies.
C)conservative traditions made intellectual reform difficult.
D)university faculty quickly responded to student needs.
E)student were individually proctored when taking exams.

Question 52

Film in the changing mass culture put the emphasis on the actor,not the writer,and elevated many to superstardom.

Question 53

Actions to the dismantling of the Berlin Wall included all except:

A)Soviet Union allows open boarders for East German Industrial workers.
B)Hungary opened its boarders with Austria.
C)East Germans register their discontent with worsening condition through illegal migration out.
D)evidence of widespread government corruption forced resignation of premier Erich Honecker.
E)the east German government open it boarders with Czechoslovakia.

Question 54

Of all the consumer goods available to the public postwar,hygiene products represented the largest increase of demand.

Question 55

In the changing atmosphere of the world after the Second World War,education alone automatically produced social mobility.

Question 56

While many Western countries condemned the war in Vietnam,student protests remained a peculiarly American method of challenging government decisions.

Question 57

One of the primary goals of the Peace Corps was to show Americans' benevolence and good intentions to foreign nations in light of the growing communist threat.

Question 58

The spring 1968 student unrest in Paris included all events except:

A)student demanded reform to modernize their dorms.
B)massive trade union strikes by workers sympathetic with students' cause.
C)by mid-May an astonishing 10 million French workers had walked off their jobs.
D)strikers were satisfied with a wage increase;'students agreed to resume university life.
E)de Gaulle's position was strengthened by his effective actions to quell the disorder.

Question 59

Popular dissatisfaction with government organization of mass consumption contributed to the downfall of communist regimes.

Question 60

Betty Friedman:

A)is the author of the book The Feminine Mystique.
B)brought female discontentment into the open.
C)reflected how media,exalted femininity and lowered women's expectations.
D)described how Western culture had created an image of women as the lesser sex.
E)was cofounder of the National Organization for Women.

Question 61

Why was perestroika the best hope for the Soviet Union,and why did it fail?

Question 62

The Miracle,The Man With The Golden Arm,Rebel Without a Cause,and Bonnie and Clyde were ban by the U.S.film Production code due to their sacrilegious,sexual or extreme violent nature graphic violence.

Question 63

How did changing ideas of class in Western Europe differ from patterns in the Eastern bloc?

Question 64

What were the goals of the feminist movement?

Question 65

What factors combined to breed antiwar sentiment in America over the Vietnam War?

Question 66

What effects did the student protests of 1968 have on Western governments?

Question 67

What was pop art,and how was it peculiar to the postwar era?

Question 68

The Czech Velvet Revolution began when police brutality toward student demonstrators moved workers to take action.

Question 69

The domestic politics of the Cold War weighed heavily on film making in the United States.

Question 70

How did new patterns of consumption spur changes in mass culture?

Question 71

What factors contributed to the sexual revolution?

Question 72

With the failure of perestroika,largely the result of a lack of resources and inability to increase production came the rise of a powerful political rival to Gorbachev,his erstwhile ally Boris Yeltsin.

Question 73

Contrast the goals and methods of Martin Luther King Jr.and Malcolm X.

Question 74

How did governmental support of compulsory education impact the mass culture of the 1960s?