Deck 12: Renaissance and Exploration

Question 1

Looking at Map 12-1,which city controlled the largest political state in Renaissance Italy?

A)Genoa
B)Florence
C)Naples
D)Venice
E)Modena

Answer 1

Genoa

Question 2

The Ottoman Empire,compared to the Roman Empire at its peak as a Mediterranean power,did not reach as far

A)north and west.
B)south and north.
C)west and south.
D)east and west.
E)north and east.

Answer 2

north and west.

Question 3

Which of the following statements does NOT accurately reflect the way city-states developed in different parts of Italy?

A)The western rim of Italy was a consolidated union of city-states under regional authority.
B)The southern half of Italy was a feudal kingdom centered on Naples.
C)The Papal States spanned the center of Italy and extended up the Adriatic coast.
D)Northern Italy was divided among major and minor city-states that experimented with different kinds of government.
E)Some of the city-states called themselves republics.

Answer 3

The western rim of Italy was a consolidated union of city-states under regional authority.

Question 4

Which medieval theologian exemplified the view that the world and human nature are doomed by sin?

A)Augustine of Hippo
B)Leon Battista Alberti
C)Thomas Aquinas
D)Dante Alighieri
E)Giovanni Pico della Mirandola

Question 5

Which Italian duchy had no access to the sea but controlled important passes through the Alps?

A)Milan
B)Modena
C)Florence
D)Siena
E)Naples

Question 6

In 1453,which Ottoman leader took the city of Constantinople,earning him the nickname "the Conqueror"?

A)Mehmed II
B)Ghengis Khan
C)Murad II
D)Osman
E)Timur the Lame

Question 7

Which of the following men became known as the "father of humanism"?

A)Petrarch
B)Dante Alighieri
C)Boccaccio
D)Geoffrey Chaucer
E)Erasmus

Question 8

From the 1430s onward,the Medici family held political and cultural dominance in what Italian city?

A)Florence
B)Milan
C)Rome
D)Mantua
E)Venice

Question 9

Because of the pope's 1494 Line of Demarcation,most of North and South America was colonized by

A)Spain.
B)England.
C)France.
D)Portugal
E)the Netherlands.

Question 10

By 1340,which man's descendants brought most of Asia Minor under their control?

A)Osman
B)Ottokar II
C)Osturk
D)Otto I
E)Mehmed I

Question 11

A number of the Italian city-states began as associations of tradespeople who voluntarily banded together for mutual benefit,known as

A)communes.
B)democracies.
C)oligarchies.
D)podestàs.
E)kingdoms.

Question 12

The pope's Line of Demarcation marked spheres of influence for the

A)Spanish and Portuguese.
B)Spanish and French.
C)French and Portuguese.
D)Dutch and Portuguese.
E)Spanish and English.

Question 13

In the early sixteenth century,Isabella d'Este,named "the First Lady of the World" by a prominent politician,ruled the city of

A)Mantua.
B)Florence.
C)Rome.
D)Venice.
E)Naples.

Question 14

Neither Isabella d'Este nor Elisabetta Gonzaga

A)represented the typical status of Italian Renaissance women.
B)ever commanded an army.
C)was accomplished in the arts.
D)was subordinate to her husband.
E)presided over a court.

Question 15

Which Renaissance thinker believed if he wove together the insights of all the major Greek,Latin,Hebrew,and Arabic thinkers,he could produce a single logical system of thought?

A)Giovanni Pico della Mirandola
B)Augustine of Hippo
C)Leon Battista Alberti
D)Petrarch
E)Erasmus

Question 16

Although Elisabetta Gonzaga was highly educated in the arts,music,and literature,she was most skilled at

A)keeping the court running smoothly.
B)debating current political topics.
C)organizing theatrical performances.
D)reciting poetry.
E)writing guidebooks to Renaissance aristocracy.

Question 17

Which country took the early lead in Atlantic exploration?

A)Portugal
B)Spain
C)England
D)France
E)the Netherlands

Question 18

Who was the first major northern artist to take a serious interest in Italy's Renaissance?

A)Albrecht Dürer
B)Jan van Eyck
C)Dirk Bouts
D)Giotto di Bondone
E)Leonardo da Vinci

Question 19

Baldassare Castiglione's Book of the Courtier was inspired by the salon of

A)Elisabetta Gonzaga.
B)Isabella d'Este.
C)Veronica Franco.
D)Isabella Andreini.
E)Aurelia Petrucci.

Question 20

Who was the most prominent of the northern humanists?

A)Desiderius Erasmus
B)Dirk Bouts
C)Thomas More
D)Jan van Eyck
E)Dante Alighieri

Question 21

The modernity of the writings of Dante,Petrarch,and Boccaccio is best represented by their

A)writing in Italian to reach a wide audience.
B)confidence that God will save everyone.
C)careful study of Greek and Latin grammar.
D)pessimistic view of human nature..
E)rejection of all things past.

Question 22

Italy played a major role in the onset of the Renaissance because it had Europe's greatest concentration of

A)urban centers.
B)kingdoms.
C)monasteries.
D)democracies.
E)oligarchies.

Question 23

All of the following are true explanations for the political divisions of Renaissance Italy EXCEPT

A)the lack of economic activity in Italy.
B)Italian geography.
C)the legacy of Roman rule.
D)lack of a native royal family.
E)papal interference in unity efforts.

Question 24

Why is Donatello's David considered the first true Renaissance sculpture?

A)It was meant to stand alone and be viewed in the round.
B)It was a near-copy of a famous Roman original.
C)Its subject was purely secular.
D)A real body seemed to exist beneath David's robes.
E)It was designed as an architectural ornament for the Medici family church.

Question 25

Which country sponsored the voyage of the Genoese sailor John Cabot?

A)England
B)France
C)Portugal
D)Spain
E)the Netherlands

Question 26

How did Italy become home to four of Europe's five largest cities by 1400?

A)Most of Europe's Mediterranean trade passed through Italy.
B)Italy had the largest population in Europe.
C)Italian cities were Europe's centers of manufacturing.
D)The Roman-centered Catholic church was Europe's largest employer.
E)Italian nobles forced their subjects to live in cities.

Question 27

What factor was most important in terms of making the fifteenth-century European voyages of exploration possible?

A)improvements in ships,weapons,and tools.
B)powerful European rulers
C)the wealth of European merchants
D)the curiosity and sense of adventure of average Europeans.
E)Ottoman sponsorship.

Question 28

Why did Columbus call the people he contacted in the Caribbean "Indians"?

A)He thought he had reached the outlying portions of India.
B)They called themselves Indians.
C)Earlier explorers had already named the islands the "West Indies."
D)"Indian" is Italian for "unknown people."
E)His sponsor,Isabella,was known as "Queen of the Indies."

Question 29

Which of the following explorers first rounded the southern tip of the African continent?

A)Bartolomeu Dias
B)Christopher Columbus
C)Vasco de Gama
D)Hernán Cortés
E)Juan Ponce de Leon

Question 30

Which of the following best describes Ottoman cultural relations with the West?

A)Cultural influences flowed in both directions,with each culture influencing the other.
B)Ottoman scholars came west,but few Europeans went east.
C)Ottoman conquest of Constantinople delayed the onset of the Renaissance.
D)Western merchants and artists had little interest in or contract with the Ottomans.
E)Ottoman rulers refused to let Italian artists and architects work in Istanbul.

Question 31

What did medieval and Renaissance painters have in common?

A)They both usually depicted religious subjects.
B)They both used the same techniques and materials.
C)They both conceived painting as pages of text.
D)They both showed multiple time frames on one canvas.
E)They both used perspective.

Question 32

Why was Renaissance painting less influenced by classical examples than other arts,such as architecture and sculpture?

A)Few ancient paintings had survived for Renaissance artists to study.
B)Most surviving classical paintings were in Ottoman territory,inaccessible to Western artists.
C)Catholic Church leaders banned the study of classical paintings.
D)Renaissance artists did little painting,concentrating on sculpture.
E)Artists were repelled by the nudity of classical painting.

Question 33

When looking at the past,Renaissance humanists drew their greatest inspiration from

A)ancient Greece and Rome.
B)Roman Catholic theology.
C)medieval scholarship.
D)the events of the previous few decades.
E)Chinese culture.

Question 34

Although Christopher Columbus was an experienced map maker,his most serious basic misconception was that he believed

A)the world was much smaller than it is.
B)he could reach India by sailing west.
C)the world was flat.
D)the world was much larger than it is.
E)he was carrying sufficient supplies.

Question 35

German merchants formed the Hanseatic League in response to

A)a power vacuum following the death of Frederick II.
B)Portuguese discovery of a water route to the Orient.
C)Ottoman annexation of the Baltic states.
D)the oppressive power of the German monarchy.
E)Pope Gregory X's interference in German politics.

Question 36

The most important contribution northern painters made to Renaissance art was the development of

A)oil paint.
B)mathematical perspective.
C)purely secular subject matter.
D)tempera paint.
E)portrait painting.

Question 37

The word Shariah refers to Islamic

A)religious law.
B)social organization.
C)holy texts.
D)secular poetry.
E)political organization.

Question 38

The Ottoman Empire's defeat at the battle of Lepanto in 1571 signaled that the focus of European states was shifting from

A)the Mediterranean to the Atlantic.
B)Europe to Asia.
C)America to Africa.
D)the Atlantic to the Pacific.
E)the Atlantic to the Mediterranean.

Question 39

From his study of great thinkers of the past,Pico della Mirandola concluded that

A)men could use this store of knowledge to perfect the world.
B)people of the past had nothing in common with those of his own time.
C)only the Bible was a reliable guide to truth.
D)innovation was dangerous.
E)the world was corrupted beyond repair by human sin.

Question 40

What situation prepared the way for Ottokar II's annexation of Austria in the mid-thirteenth century?

A)Germany lacked a king to challenge the annexation.
B)Frederick II was preoccupied with Italian wars.
C)The Hanseatic League was in decline.
D)The German barons chose Rudolf of Hapsburg as king.
E)Rudolf of Hapsburg declined his claim to the duchy of Austria.

Question 41

What was a major factor motivating Portugal to take the lead in European Atlantic exploration?

A)The Spanish and Muslims controlled the Straits of Gibraltar.
B)Portugal lost its port of Ceuta in 1432.
C)Henry the Navigator,the son of Portugal's king,successfully explored the West African coast.
D)Bartolomeu Dias conducted profitable explorations of the coasts of Iceland.
E)In 1432,the English took control of the Canaries,Azores,and Madeiras.

Question 42

Thomas à Kempis and the Modern Devotion had their greatest influence on which Renaissance scholar?

A)Desiderius Erasmus
B)Niccolo Machiavelli
C)Baldassere Castiglione
D)Giovanni Pico della Mirandola
E)Dante Aligheri

Question 43

Why did the Europeans use Africans rather than Indians as slave labor in the Americas?

A)Indian populations had been decimated by European diseases.
B)Indian warriors were harder to subjugate
C)African populations had been weakened by European diseases.
D)It was cheaper to transport Africans to plantations.
E)Africans were accustomed to harvesting sugar cane.

Question 44

Which of the following did NOT characterize the corps of Janissaries in the fourteenth century?

A)Their role was strictly military and never political.
B)They enjoyed more autonomy than other military units.
C)They may have been established to fight the Turkish cavalry.
D)The horse soldiers were awarded land grants.
E)Christians,taken as boys and converted to Islam,were included in their ranks.

Question 45

Historians disagree about most aspects of the Renaissance EXCEPT

A)where it originated.
B)when it began.
C)whether it launched the modern world.
D)how it should be defined.
E)whether it was important.

Question 46

The Ottoman conquest of Mecca and Medina was significant because

A)both cities were subsequently restored to Shi'ite control.
B)Ottoman caliphs could claim both political and religious leadership of the Muslim world.
C)Christians who had controlled the cities for centuries were finally expelled.
D)the Safavid Persians were forced to convert to Sunni Islam.
E)Ottoman sultans gained control of the Indian Ocean trade.

Question 47

What was the pope's unspoken assumption when he drew the 1494 Line of Demarcation on the globe?

A)Only Catholic Christians had any rights that Europeans had to respect.
B)All European nations should share equally in exploration and conquest.
C)The Ottoman sultan's control of Asia could not be challenged.
D)Africa and the Americas were unfit for European settlement.
E)The authority of the pope only extended to Christian lands.

Question 48

Because of Ottoman marriage and succession practices,who was often the most influential figure in the sultan's government?

A)his mother
B)his eldest sister
C)his wife
D)his favorite concubine
E)his eldest brother

Question 49

In the late 1600s,all of the following threatened a weak Ottoman Empire EXCEPT

A)rebellious factions trying to overthrow the government.
B)lower standards of discipline in the government service corps.
C)provincial warlords.
D)the rise of private armies.
E)lack of resources for fighting both Persia and Europe.

Question 50

As a result of the pope's 1494 Line of Demarcation,what was the only American colony established by Portugal?

A)Brazil
B)Mexico
C)Peru
D)Argentina
E)Virginia

Question 51

During the Renaissance,how did Europeans compare to the Chinese in their attitude toward new technology?

A)Technological innovations had much more impact in Europe than in China.
B)The Europeans made many more technological innovations than the Chinese.
C)The Renaissance produced few technological developments that excited the interest of either the Chinese or Europeans.
D)Chinese technology was rejected in Europe as pagan and dangerous.
E)The Chinese valued technological innovation more than Europeans.

Question 52

Which of the following statements best characterizes the impact that the loss of Constantinople had on Europe?

A)It had little practical significance.
B)Although Europeans felt no effects economically,it had a severe impact on intellectual activity.
C)It was a devastating blow to the European economy.
D)European nations lost a buffer against the advance of Islamic nations.
E)Ottoman control of the east opened the door for overland European trade with Asia.

Question 53

Charles IV's Golden Bull was intended to

A)reduce the influence of the pope in German affairs.
B)ensure the independence of the German church from noble influence.
C)open up the imperial title to all noble families.
D)make the Holy Roman Emperor independent from the Germany magnates.
E)make imperial elections as democratic as possible.

Question 54

Which of the following was a significant difference between Ottoman and European culture?

A)Unlike Europeans,the Ottomans were tolerant of religious diversity.
B)The Ottomans embraced technological innovation while Europeans rejected it.
C)While Europe was religiously divided,the Ottoman sultan ensured national unity by forcing all his subjects to convert to Islam.
D)The Ottomans freed all of their slaves,while Europe continued to rely on slavery.
E)Europe was dominated by national monarchies while the Ottoman state was democratic.