Deck 25: Decolonization and the Cold War

Question 1

America involvement in the Korean War was further complicated when what nation directly entered the conflict on North Korea's side?

A)China
B)Japan
C)North Vietnam
D)the Soviet Union
E)India

Answer 1

China

Question 2

Who coined the term "military-industrial complex" in referring to the result of the influence of power and ideology on political,military,and economic priorities in Western nations?

A)Eisenhower
B)Kennedy
C)Johnson
D)Nixon
E)Carter

Answer 2

Eisenhower

Question 3

In exchange for backing down from Cuba,Kennedy agreed to remove weapons from

A)Turkey.
B)Germany.
C)Greece.
D)Japan.
E)Czechoslovakia.

Answer 3

Turkey.

Question 4

After withdrawing from Vietnam,France fought another brutal war in what colony seeking independence?

A)Algeria
B)Nigeria
C)Thailand
D)Ghana
E)Angola

Question 5

The center of early Cold War conflict was the fate of

A)Germany.
B)Czechoslovakia.
C)Poland.
D)France.
E)Hungary.

Question 6

What was the outcome of the Korean War?

A)military stalemate along the thirty-eighth parallel
B)liberation of North Korea
C)liberation of South Korea
D)victory by the Soviet-backed North Korea
E)peace and reconciliation between North and South Korea

Question 7

In what country did the United States intervene to prevent a communist reunification in 1950 and 1953?

A)Korea
B)Vietnam
C)Philippines
D)China
E)India

Question 8

Which military alliance did the Soviet Union create to counter the alliance formed by the United States?

A)Warsaw Pact
B)Council for Mutual Assistance
C)NATO
D)United Nations
E)Triple Entente

Question 9

Which organization was formed in 1949,formalizing the military cooperation of Western allies?

A)NATO
B)Organization for European Cooperation
C)Warsaw Pact
D)United Nations
E)Marshall Pact

Question 10

In 1947,Britain's former South Asian colony was divided into

A)India and Pakistan.
B)Iraq and Iran.
C)North and South Korea.
D)Thailand and Burma.
E)North and South Vietnam.

Question 11

The country with the highest number of Muslims as a percentage of national population around 2005 is

A)France.
B)Spain.
C)Italy.
D)Germany.
E)Austria.

Question 12

In which area were the United States and the Soviet Union able to use their power to diffuse a potentially dangerous military situation in 1956?

A)Suez Canal
B)Korea
C)Vietnam
D)Cuba
E)South Africa

Question 13

The ANZUS alliance was signed with U.S.allies in

A)Southeast Asia.
B)Africa.
C)the Middle East.
D)South America.
E)the Mediterranean.

Question 14

What was the name of the doctrine adopted by the United States that was designed to repulse communist insurgency around the globe?

A)Truman Doctrine
B)Marshall Plan
C)Protection Plan
D)isolationism
E)Warsaw Pact

Question 15

Which country attempted to adopt a multiparty political system and withdraw from the Warsaw Pact in 1956,provoking a violent Soviet response?

A)Hungary
B)Czechoslovakia
C)East Germany
D)Poland
E)Romania

Question 16

President Kennedy faced an early test in 1962 when the Soviets began installing nuclear-armed missiles in

A)Cuba.
B)Hungary.
C)Turkey.
D)North Vietnam.
E)Panama.

Question 17

The anti-French,indigenous guerrilla movement in Vietnam after the war was led by

A)Ho Chi Minh.
B)Syngman Rhee.
C)Kim Il Sung.
D)Mao Zedong.
E)Chiang Kai-shek.

Question 18

Who was the first American president to visit China?

A)Nixon
B)Kennedy
C)Johnson
D)Eisenhower
E)Wilson

Question 19

In 1958,Fidel Castro overthrew Fulgencio Batista to become the ruler of

A)Cuba.
B)Mexico.
C)Panama.
D)The Dominican Republic.
E)Venezuela.

Question 20

In what country did the American-educated leader named Kwame Nkrumah lead an independence movement?

A)Ghana
B)Morocco
C)Tunisia
D)Algeria
E)Libya

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of existentialism?

A)a belief in moral absolutes outside of human agency
B)portrayals of people trying to come to grips with a world without meaning
C)a questioning of the enormous expansion of state power over the individual
D)an insistence on individual responsibility and personal choice
E)disenchantment with the intrusion of government into every aspect of life

Question 22

After Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal,Egypt faced an invasion by

A)Britain and France.
B)the United States.
C)NATO.
D)Syria and Libya.
E)the Soviet Union.

Question 23

When Stalin blocked access to the Western-controlled sectors of Berlin,the United States responded by

A)organizing an airlift to supply essentials to West Berlin.
B)issuing a blockade of their own.
C)issuing threats against Russia.
D)rearming the German military.
E)withdrawing from West Berlin.

Question 24

What vision of India was Gandhi forced to abandon after independence was won?

A)a nonsectarian India where all faiths were respected
B)a Muslim India dedicated to the ways of Islam
C)a Hindu India that followed the way of the Hindus
D)a separated India in which Muslims were partitioned from Hindus
E)an India free of religion replaced by loyalty to the state

Question 25

The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty was weakened because

A)China,Israel,France and India refused to sign.
B)the United States refused to sign.
C)the Soviet Union agreed to sign only if NATO was disbanded.
D)only non-nuclear powers signed.
E)the United States renounced the treaty within weeks of signing.

Question 26

Finish the analogy: NATO is to Europe and the United States as ANZUS is to

A)Australia and New Zealand.
B)China and Japan.
C)Africa and the Middle East.
D)Latin America and Brazil.
E)Venezuela and Cuba.

Question 27

What did Indians expect would happen after they fought bravely for the British in World War II?

A)They expected immediate independence.
B)They expected British military support against India's enemies.
C)They expected to be granted local autonomy and eventual independence.
D)They expected to participate in global peace negotiations.
E)They expected Britain to form a commonwealth of nations with India as a charter member.

Question 28

Mao Zedong's victory in China was made possible in part by

A)calling for land reform to win support from the oppressed peasantry.
B)financial and military assistance from the United States.
C)following orthodox Marxist-Leninist ideology.
D)basing his movement on industrial workers.
E)renouncing communism and embracing a purely nationalist program.

Question 29

Which of the following describes the process of Algerian independence?

A)a brutal conflict between Algerians and entrenched French settlers
B)a peaceful withdrawal of French colonials
C)economic collapse after the angry withdrawal of French business interests
D)triumphant Algerian military dictatorship overcame French nationals
E)nonviolent resistance to colonial rule led to negotiated peace

Question 30

What happened to thousands of Soviet prisoners of war when they returned home after World War II?

A)They were exiled into forced labor camps or executed.
B)They were received as heroes and given government jobs.
C)They were largely ignored and fell back into their old lives.
D)They were praised but interrogated to ensure they weren't spies.
E)They were considered great Soviets and enjoyed celebrity status.

Question 31

Jean-Paul Sartre and Albert Camus were leaders of what movement?

A)existentialism
B)abstract impressionism
C)realism
D)humanism
E)isolationism

Question 32

What was the basis of the NATO alliance?

A)Members agreed to regard an attack against one member state as an attack against the entire alliance.
B)Members agreed to resist the spread of communism throughout the world.
C)Members agreed to regard any act of aggression by the United States as an act of aggression against their own country.
D)Members agreed not to develop or deploy nuclear weapons.
E)Members agreed to support peace movements throughout the world.

Question 33

Which of the following statements accurately describes the two-state solution to independence in India?

A)terrible sectarian bloodshed as millions of refugees fled to safety
B)peaceful separation between tolerant people of differing faiths
C)class warfare separating the poor from the rich with great violence
D)two failed states unable to continue as independent
E)fanatical genocide led by colonial oppressors

Question 34

The United States first interpreted the conflict in Vietnam as a colonial independence movement.What led the United States to change this posture to active resistance to communism?

A)the Chinese Revolution and North Korean aggression
B)the Cuban Missile Crisis
C)the French defeat at Dien Bien Phu
D)Ho Chi Minh's refusal to participate in national elections
E)formal Soviet recognition of a communist Vietnam

Question 35

Under Nehru,India became a

A)stable parliamentary democracy.
B)communist dictatorship.
C)repressive authoritarian regime.
D)religiously tolerant republic.
E)government of corruption and infighting.

Question 36

What leaders signed the interim arms control agreement between the Soviet Union and the United States involving limits on ICBMs and ABMs?

A)Nixon and Brezhnev
B)Brezhnev and Eisenhower
C)Nixon and Khrushchev
D)Kennedy and Khrushchev
E)Kennedy and Brezhnev

Question 37

What made Mao's defeat of the Chinese Nationalists all the more impressive?

A)It was accomplished without the assistance of the Soviets and against American-armed forces.
B)It was accomplished with the assistance of the Soviets.
C)It was accomplished without bloodshed.
D)It was accomplished in less than a year after World War II ended.
E)It was accomplished against a heavily armed opposition backed by the Soviets.

Question 38

How did Stalin change his position between the meeting at Yalta in February 1945 and the meeting in Potsdam later that year?

A)He refused to permit elections in Soviet-occupied Poland.
B)He forgave Germany's war debt to Russia.
C)He gave up his demands for a Soviet-controlled section of Germany.
D)He refused to declare war on Japan.
E)He announced Russia could not afford to provide security to Eastern Europe.

Question 39

What organization was formed when delegates from 51 nations converged on San Francisco in 1945?

A)United Nations
B)NATO
C)European Security Organization
D)League of Nations
E)ANZUS

Question 40

In the postwar period,European countries actively recruited immigrants from Africa because

A)their labor force had been decimated by the war.
B)they wanted to increase their cultural diversity.
C)they held sympathy for the struggling survivors of the newly independent African colonies.
D)their economies needed additional consumers.
E)Europeans had overcome their prewar xenophobia.

Question 41

Who was the first prime minister of Israel?

Question 42

How did the United States respond to Castro's takeover of Cuba?

A)initially hopeful but turned against Castro within a few years
B)angry and determined to immediately restore Batista
C)fearful of a rival military power in the Western hemisphere
D)concerned at first but more hopeful the longer Castro remained in power
E)unconcerned,judging Cuba irrelevant to U.S.security

Question 43

The policy of relaxing Cold War tensions under Nixon was often referred to as

Question 44

Why did the United States and the Soviet Union both support the decolonization movement?

A)Newly independent states were weak and often became clients.
B)Both nations sincerely supported national self-determination.
C)As England and France became weaker,they became more dominant superpowers.
D)Newly independent states quickly improved the quality of life for their citizens.
E)Small independent states were too weak for the superpowers to care about them.

Question 45

What did the Americans fear would happen if the Soviets were not pushed out of Cuba?

A)They feared that the Soviets may launch a nuclear attack.
B)They feared that war in the Caribbean would mean danger for Americans.
C)They feared the great cost of war.
D)They feared the collapse of the Cuban economy.
E)They feared the involvement of NATO nations in a third world war.

Question 46

Relations between communist states were strained after 1945 as it became clear that

A)nationalism-rather than proletarian solidarity-was emerging in the communist bloc.
B)the quest for state socialism had replaced strategic goals.
C)Marxism had no appeal in Africa and Asia.
D)providing a high standard of living for citizens had left communist states militarily weak.
E)the ruling elite followed Marxist orthodoxy even when it undermined national ambitions.

Question 47

What event provoked the announcement of the Truman Doctrine?

A)Britain's inability to support Greece against a communist insurgency.
B)the Soviet Union's refusal to withdraw from Iran.
C)a failed anti-Soviet uprising in Hungary.
D)Stalin's refusal to hold free elections in Poland.
E)the formation of the Warsaw Pact.

Question 48

What did Churchill refer to with his words,"A rubble heap,a charnel house,a breeding ground for pestilence and hate"?

A)the economic collapse of Europe after World War II
B)the fate of Eastern Europe under Soviet control
C)China after Mao's victory
D)the state of capitalism in the United States
E)conditions in India on the eve of independence

Question 49

How was the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty different from the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty?

A)The Nuclear Test Ban Treaty restricted testing while the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty only restricted development.
B)The Nuclear Test Ban Treaty received broad support from the world community while the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty was poorly received.
C)The Nuclear Test Ban Treaty was created by the United States while the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty was sponsored by the Soviet Union.
D)The Nuclear Test Ban Treaty focused on NATO nations while the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty focused on nations in the Warsaw Pact.
E)The Nuclear Test Ban Treaty included China while the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty did not.

Question 50

What generalization can be made about the outcome of the two-state solution in India?

A)The two-state solution was demanded by Muslims but led to bitter,long-term conflict between Muslims and Hindus.
B)The two-state solution succeeded in Pakistan but led to vast bloodshed and an unstable democracy in India.
C)The two-state solution allowed freedom of religion to penetrate the highest levels of government in both Pakistan and India.
D)The immediate success of the two-state solution proved that Gandhi had been wrong to oppose it.
E)The two-state solution in India was imposed by Britain and proved the wisdom of European decolonialists.

Question 51

Who coined the phrase "Iron Curtain" at a speech in Fulton,Missouri?

Question 52

The military defensive alliance organized by the United States was called

Question 53

The relationship between Mao Zedong and Joseph Stalin was icy because

A)both were more interested in their own power than the international Marxist movement.
B)Mao was a committed Marxist but Stalin was an unprincipled opportunist.
C)Mao refused Stalin's invitation to join the Warsaw Pact.
D)Mao refused to provide economic and technological aid to the Soviets.
E)Stalin had supported Chiang Kai-shek in the Chinese civil war.

Question 54

By becoming a stable parliamentary democracy,which former colony was the great success story of the decolonization movement?

A)India
B)Vietnam
C)Ghana
D)Algeria
E)Afghanistan

Question 55

How did Khrushchev respond to the Bay of Pigs invasion?

A)He offered to install offensive nuclear missiles in Cuba.
B)He negotiated an end to Castro's regime with the United States.
C)He removed all military presence from Cuba.
D)He warned Castro to liberalize his regime.
E)He offered Cubans who had been persecuted by the Cuban regime asylum.

Question 56

Which of the following was NOT true of the Marshall Plan?

A)Aid provided under the plan could be used for anything that would stimulate growth.
B)The United States offered massive economic aid to all war-torn countries in Europe.
C)The Soviet Union refused aid under the Marshall Plan.
D)The United States required that it have some supervision over budgetary records of receiving countries.
E)Money given under the Marshall Plan must be used to purchase American products.

Question 57

Which of the following did NOT take place under Castro's regime?

A)Active political debate was encouraged.
B)A one-party state was erected.
C)A command economy was created.
D)Freedom of the press was restricted.
E)Foreign-owned businesses were seized.

Question 58

The presidency of Harry S Truman demonstrates that

A)ideology drove American policy just as much as it did Soviet policy.
B)most of the blame for deteriorating American-Soviet relations rested with Stalin.
C)the United States underestimated and was slow to respond to Soviet aggression.
D)Soviet leaders were driven by ideology while American leaders were pragmatic.
E)personal dislike played a bigger role than ideological differences in the origins of the Cold War.

Question 59

To understand Ho Chi Minh,one must understand that

A)he was a nationalist first and a communist second.
B)his doctrinaire Marxism overshadowed all other considerations.
C)his greatest strength was his admiration of France.
D)his aims were always more international than national.
E)his lack of experience outside of Vietnam gave him a limited vision.

Question 60

What was the largest colony to gain independence after the war?