Deck 14: Human Communication

Question 1

If a left-handed individual who had a stroke had a resulting language impairment, it is most likely that the ____________ was damaged in the incident.

A) left hemisphere
B) right hemisphere
C) corpus callosum
D) left frontal lobe
E) right frontal lobe

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following is not a cue related to prosody?

A) variation of voice pitch
B) variation in the loudness of speech
C) using an active rather than a passive verb
D) variation in the voice tone
E) changes in speech rhythm

Answer 2

C

Question 3

When answering the question as to whether the man or the woman went to the grocery store, Stanley says, "The man went to the grocery store" with extra emphasis on the word "the." This disruption is prosody is due to damage to the

A) left hemisphere.
B) right hemisphere.
C) left frontal lobe.
D) right frontal lobe.
E) corpus callosum.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

With regard to handedness and hemispheric speech dominance,

A) over 90 percent of the population shows right-hemisphere dominance for speech.
B) left-hemisphere speech dominance is noted in 50 percent of right-handed people.
C) left-hemisphere speech dominance is noted in 50 percent of ambidextrous people.
D) over 90 percent of the population shows left-hemisphere dominance for speech.
E) right hemisphere speech dominance does not occur in left-handed people.

Question 5

The normal rhythm and stress of speech is called

A) prosody.
B) aural intonation.
C) circumlocution
D) syntax.
E) grammatical flow.

Question 6

Meaningful components of speech primarily activated the __________________ and the prosodic components primarily activated the __________________.

A) left hemisphere; right hemisphere
B) right hemisphere; left hemisphere
C) right hemisphere; right hemisphere
D) left hemisphere; left hemisphere
E) corpus callosum; left hemisphere

Question 7

Wernicke's and the association cortex in the left temporal lobe are responsible for

A) comprehension of speech.
B) comprehension of tone.
C) understanding prosody.
D) comprehension of metaphors.
E) understanding emotions.

Question 8

Damage to the right hemisphere would result in problems in

A) spelling out technical words.
B) understanding the emotional content of a speech.
C) producing speech.
D) reading complex written instructions.
E) moving the right hand.

Question 9

Damage to the right hemisphere would most likely impair our capacity to

A) control the movements of our right hand.
B) understand speech.
C) produce speech.
D) read instructions aloud.
E) read a map.

Question 10

The left hemisphere is better than the right hemisphere at

A) recognizing the emotional tone in a voice.
B) analysis of events and objects that occur at the same time.
C) perceiving spatial relationships.
D) producing language.
E) analyzing geometric objects.

Question 11

Making judgments about a complex metaphor such as the "green lung of the city" activates the neurons of

A) the right superior temporal lobe.
B) the orbitofrontal cortex.
C) Wernicke's area.
D) the posterior language area.
E) the left superior temporal lobe.

Question 12

In the Knecht et al. (2000) study of handedness and hemispheric speech lateralization, the measure used to determine hemispheric dominance was

A) changes in cerebral blood flow.
B) accumulation of radioactive 2-DG in cortical neurons.
C) CAT scans of brain activity.
D) fMRI scans of brain activity.
E) EMG studies of brain activity.

Question 13

At lunch, you recount a story from last year's Christmas when your grandmother nearly burned the house down when she attempted to fry a turkey. As you retell this story for your friends, it is likely that your _____________ is/are activated.

A) occipital lobe
B) temporal lobes
C) parietal lobe
D) occipital and temporal lobes
E) occipital, temporal, and parietal lobes

Question 14

Verbal behavior is said to be a lateralized function of the left hemisphere in that

A) electrical stimulation of the left hemisphere has less effect on language than does similar stimulation of the right hemisphere.
B) language problems are more likely to be noted after damage to the left rather than the right hemisphere.
C) right-handed persons are more likely to have their language center located within the right hemisphere.
D) most language problems are noted after damage to the right rather than the left hemisphere.
E) the right hemisphere is most active during our verbal behaviors.

Question 15

When we tell a story and we construct sentences with specific word order patterns, we are using our ___________ to accomplish this task.

A) left hemisphere
B) right hemisphere
C) corpus callosum
D) left frontal lobe
E) right frontal lobe

Question 16

Imaging studies have shown that the density of the_________________ of bilingual individuals is increased compared to monolingual individuals.

A) right parietal cortex
B) left parietal cortex
C) corpus callosum
D) right frontal cortex
E) left frontal cortex

Question 17

Aesop's "The Tortoise and the Hare" has a moral that working slowly but steadily can benefit the individual. The ____________ is involved in the ability to understand this moral.

A) left hemisphere
B) right hemisphere
C) corpus callosum
D) left frontal lobe
E) right frontal lobe

Question 18

Damage to the right hemisphere would result in problems in

A) spelling out simple words.
B) analyzing complex geometric objects.
C) producing speech.
D) reading complex written instructions.
E) moving the right hand.

Question 19

The brain regions that allow us to talk about our current or past perceptions are those located

A) within the hippocampus.
B) on either side of the corpus callosum.
C) in the posterior portions of the cerebral hemispheres.
D) in the primary and secondary motor cortex.
E) in the anterior portions of the cerebral hemispheres.

Question 20

The left hemisphere is better than the right hemisphere at

A) perceiving spatial relationships.
B) analysis of events and objects that occur at the same time.
C) recognizing the emotional tone of a voice.
D) analyzing sequences of stimuli.
E) integrating spatial information as when reading a map.

Question 21

A ________ word is important for grammar, whereas ________ words convey meaning.

A) morpheme; function
B) function; content
C) content; phonological
D) content; function
E) phonological; function

Question 22

Damage to the right hemisphere impairs the production of prosody in that

A) prosody uses spatial cues to communicate meaning.
B) the right hemisphere controls the vocal cords.
C) prosody involves spatial perception.
D) production of prosody resembles singing, which is a specialization of the right hemisphere.
E) the right hemisphere is specialized for the analysis of word meaning.

Question 23

________ are examples of function words, while ________ are examples of content words.

A) "Some," "the" / "apple," "fail"
B) "Throw," "heave" / "some," "the"
C) "Apple," "fail" / "some," "the"
D) "Person," "difficult" / "a," "in"
E) "Some," "the" / "a," "in"

Question 24

Broca's aphasia involves damage localized within the

A) arcuate fasciculus.
B) left posterior cerebral cortex.
C) inferior right frontal lobe.
D) dorsal portions of the planum temporale.
E) inferior left frontal lobe.

Question 25

____________ refers to a difficulty recognizing voices.

A) Prospagnosia
B) Broca's aphasia
C) Phonagnosia
D) Wernicke's aphasia
E) Visual agnosia

Question 26

A person with Broca's aphasia would be expected to

A) pronounce words correctly, but slowly.
B) be blissfully unaware of his or her speech difficulties.
C) produce fluent, but meaningless speech.
D) experience difficulty in speech comprehension based on word order.
E) have sustained damage to the right frontal lobe.

Question 27

The Dronkers (1996) study suggests that difficulty of speech articulation involves damage to the

A) postcentral insular cortex.
B) right precentral gyrus of the insula.
C) right posterior association cortex.
D) left precentral gyrus of the insula.
E) anterior temporal lobe.

Question 28

Watkins studied three generations of a family and found that _________________ caused severe speech and language disorder.

A) a single gene on chromosome 7
B) the use of recreational drugs such as cocaine
C) a single gene on chromosome 23
D) abnormal neural development of the posterior association cortex
E) abnormal neural development of the right frontal cortex

Question 29

Which of the following is true about prosody?

A) Prosody often serves as a vehicle for conveying action.
B) The left hemisphere plays a role in the production and perception of prosody.
C) Prosody is normal in people with Wernicke's aphasia.
D) Prosody is impaired in fluent aphasias.
E) Prosody is altered in anomia.

Question 30

The primary deficit noted in Broca's aphasia involves

A) pure word deafness.
B) articulation difficulties.
C) difficulty in spelling.
D) averbia.
E) agrammatism.

Question 31

Damage to the left frontal association cortex, just anterior to the "face" region of primary motor cortex, would produce

A) averbia.
B) pure word deafness.
C) difficulty in spelling.
D) Wernicke's aphasia.
E) Broca's aphasia.

Question 32

Newborn infants

A) have difficulty recognizing the voice of their mothers.
B) are unable to hear voices in the womb.
C) are unable to differentiate their mothers' voice from the voice of a stranger until 6 months of age.
D) can recognize the voices of their parents.
E) are deaf.

Question 33

A difficulty in the use of word order, use of function words, and selection of appropriate word endings is termed

A) apraxia.
B) anosmia.
C) agrammatism.
D) articulation disorder.
E) anomia.

Question 34

A person with Broca's aphasia would be expected to

A) show great difficulty in articulating words.
B) easily articulate words like "cigarette."
C) show fluent articulate speech.
D) be unable to answer yes or no questions about object functions.
E) easily name objects.

Question 35

The primary difficulty noted in Broca's aphasia involves

A) understanding speech.
B) spelling simple words.
C) saying content words.
D) producing speech.
E) recognizing the emotional content of speech.

Question 36

The speech deficit of ________ is a common feature of all forms of aphasia.

A) agrammatism
B) alexia
C) averbia
D) anomia
E) pure word deafness

Question 37

When Thomas speaks, his speech pattern is lilting and stalled. He pauses for long periods of time to find the word that he wants to use, sometimes coming up empty.

A) agrammatism
B) anomia
C) articulation difficulties
D) anosmia
E) aguesia

Question 38

The notion that aphasia involves structures other than Broca's area comes from studies in which

A) damage to the corpus callosum produces aphasia.
B) CAT scans show decreased blood flow in structures located in the right posterior cortex when subjects read words aloud.
C) damage to the head of the caudate nucleus can produce a Broca-like aphasia.
D) CAT scans show increased blood flow in structures located in the right posterior cortex when subjects read words aloud.
E) hippocampal damage produces aphasia.

Question 39

A person with Broca's aphasia would have the most difficulty in

A) spelling content words.
B) saying function words.
C) understanding speech.
D) recognizing complex geometrical forms.
E) saying content words.

Question 40

Which of the following is true about prosody?

A) It does not serve as a vehicle for conveying emotion.
B) The left hemisphere plays a key role in the production and perception of prosody.
C) It is normal in people with Broca's aphasia.
D) Prosody is disrupted in Wernicke's aphasia.
E) Its production is like singing and related to musical skills.

Question 41

Imaging studies indicate that word pronunciation induces activation of the

A) right anterior insula.
B) periaqueductal gray.
C) left anterior insula.
D) reticular formation.
E) dorsal pons.

Question 42

Transcortical sensory aphasia results from damage to

A) Broca's area.
B) Wernicke's area.
C) the primary auditory cortex.
D) the posterior language area.
E) the prefrontal cortex.

Question 43

A person with pure word deafness is unable to

A) understand speech.
B) read lips.
C) speak.
D) understand nonspeech sounds.
E) hear.

Question 44

Wernicke's aphasia can be described as

A) effortless production of meaningless speech.
B) mutism.
C) labored and nonfluent speech.
D) speech that lacks rhythm and tone.
E) fumbling for the right word.

Question 45

Damage to the left precentral gyrus of the insula would be expected to result in

A) impairment in the spelling of function words.
B) apraxia of speech.
C) an inability to use prosody to communicate emotion to others.
D) problems in understanding abstract speech.
E) problems in asking for help of another.

Question 46

An important implication of transcortical sensory aphasia is that

A) the periaqueductal gray matter is required for speech production.
B) the lateral temporal lobe is key for speech repetition.
C) speech recognition comes after speech comprehension.
D) speech recognition and comprehension are different processes.
E) damage to the frontopolar cortex can induce aphasia.

Question 47

The anecdote about the speech deficits induced in a woman by carbon monoxide poisoning suggests that

A) the right hemisphere can take over language function after left hemisphere damage.
B) she could understand speech but not be able to repeat words.
C) speech comprehension and speech recognition involve different circuits.
D) the left hemisphere can take over language function after right hemisphere damage.
E) speech comprehension and speech recognition share a common circuit.

Question 48

A spared ability in transcortical sensory aphasia is the capacity to

A) understand speech.
B) repeat back words heard from others.
C) produce one's own spontaneous speech.
D) answer questions.
E) follow verbal commands.

Question 49

One way to think about Wernicke's aphasia is that this syndrome is

A) a mixture of pure word deafness and alexia.
B) a mixture of Broca's disorder and alexia.
C) a mixture of pure word deafness and transcortical sensory aphasia.
D) a mixture of transcortical sensory aphasia less pure word deafness.
E) produced by damage to the connections of the anterior language area.

Question 50

Wernicke's aphasia is caused by damage to

A) the inferior insular gyrus of the right hemisphere.
B) Broca's area.
C) the superior temporal gyrus of the left hemisphere.
D) the inferior occipital cortex.
E) the frontal association cortex of the right hemisphere.

Question 51

Damage to the ________ induces ________.

A) hippocampus; averbia
B) right temporal lobe; pure word deafness
C) amygdala; alexia
D) left temporal lobe; pure word deafness
E) hippocampus; alexia

Question 52

"I can hear you talking, I just can't understand what you're saying." This statement was likely made by someone who has

A) Wernicke's aphasia.
B) anomia.
C) transcortical sensory aphasia.
D) pure word deafness.
E) damage to the right insular cortex.

Question 53

The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon is most likely to occur in a person with reduced volume of

A) the right frontal cortex.
B) the white matter of the fornix.
C) gray matter in the left insular cortex.
D) the left temporal cortex.
E) the periaqueductal gray matter.

Question 54

The area of the brain posited to contain the memories of the sequences of sounds that constitute words is

A) Broca's area.
B) the transcortical area.
C) Wernicke's area.
D) the auditory association area.
E) the arcuate fasciculus.

Question 55

Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the ________ made subjects ________.

A) primary motor cortex; experience difficulty in getting their words out
B) central nucleus of the amygdala; feel as if they could not control their facial muscles
C) right posterior association cortex; feel as if they could not control their facial muscles
D) Broca's area; have difficulty in getting their words out
E) primary motor cortex; experience agrammatism

Question 56

An important feature of Wernicke's aphasia involves difficulty in

A) using function words.
B) understanding speech.
C) using prepositions.
D) awareness of her or his deficits in speech.
E) articulating words.

Question 57

Speech ________ is facilitated by mirror neurons that are activated by the sounds of words.

A) articulation
B) recognition
C) prosody
D) production
E) grammar

Question 58

An individual with Broca's aphasia would be less likely to use which word?

A) right
B) quickly
C) about
D) apple
E) drove

Question 59

The speech disorder known as ________ is considered to be a receptive aphasia.

A) Broca's aphasia
B) ortho-apraxia
C) alexia
D) Wernicke's aphasia
E) dysgraphia

Question 60

Observer: Can you lick your lips? Patient: Can you lick your lips? Lick, like, fahkt.
Observer: Don't repeat what I say, do what I'm asking. Can you lick your lips?
The patient likely has which deficit?

A) Wernicke's aphasia
B) anomia
C) transcortical sensory aphasia
D) pure word deafness
E) damage to the right insular cortex.

Question 61

Studies of patients with conduction aphasia have led to which of the following conclusions about the neural control of language?

A) The parietal lobe analyzes the sounds of words.
B) Wernicke's aphasia is not a form of receptive aphasia.
C) There are different neural paths for sounds and for meanings of words.
D) The meanings of words are stored in the right parietal cortex.
E) The arcuate fasciculus sends information about the meaning of words to the frontal lobes.

Question 62

The arcuate fasciculus is the connection between

A) Wernicke's area and the posterior language area.
B) posterior language area and Broca's area.
C) superior temporal cortex and Wernicke's area.
D) superior temporal cortex and Broca's area.
E) Wernicke's and Broca's areas.

Question 63

Individuals who stutter have been found to have __________ of Broca's area and ______________ of auditory regions of the temporal lobe.

A) overactivation; underactivation
B) underactivation; overactivation
C) overactivation; overactivation
D) underactivation; underactivation
E) no activation; overactivation

Question 64

American Sign Language (ASL) is similar to spoken language in that

A) the left hemisphere is activated during the interpretation of signs.
B) damage to the left hemisphere does not alter sign language comprehension or expression.
C) damage to the right hemisphere greatly impairs sign language comprehension and expression.
D) spoken language can easily be translated into ASL on a word-for-word basis.
E) left-handed persons show better sign and language expression than comprehension.

Question 65

A person who is able to repeat "automobile" and "passenger train" but is unable to repeat "synagull" and "chopinhos" likely has which deficit?

A) conduction aphasia
B) anomia
C) transcortical sensory aphasia
D) pure word deafness
E) Broca's aphasia

Question 66

A person who sustains damage to the ________ will be unable to ________.

A) right temporal pole; name objects
B) arcuate fasciculus; repeat nonwords
C) posterior commissure; name objects
D) right temporal pole; produce fluent spontaneous speech
E) arcuate fasciculus; comprehend speech

Question 67

The meaning of a particular word is most likely stored in

A) the association cortex.
B) Wernicke's area.
C) the primary auditory cortex.
D) Broca's area.
E) the lateral temporal cortex.

Question 68

Anomia for verbs is

A) an example of a fluent anomia.
B) a common symptom of Wernicke's aphasia.
C) a symptom noted after damage to the right posterior language area.
D) produced by damage to the arcuate fasciculus.
E) caused by damage to frontal cortex tissue in and around Broca's area.

Question 69

The key deficit noted in conduction aphasia is the inability to

A) produce fluent spontaneous speech.
B) repeat nonwords.
C) repeat words that have familiar meanings.
D) name objects.
E) name proper nouns.

Question 70

Which of the following represents the flow of information for speech production?

A) Wernicke's area -> posterior language area -> sensory and motor association cortex
B) posterior language area -> sensory memory cortex
C) sensory and motor association cortex -> posterior language area -> Broca's area
D) sensory memory cortex -> Broca's area
E) Broca's area -> sensory motor cortex

Question 71

The ________ forms a direct neural connection between Broca's area and Wernicke's area.

A) corpus callosum
B) anterior commissure
C) fornix
D) stria terminalis
E) arcuate fasciculus

Question 72

Damage to the direct pathway between ________ and Broca's area conveys information about ________.

A) the posterior language area; spatial language meaning
B) the frontal cortex; verb meaning
C) the temporal cortex; word meaning
D) Wernicke's area; speech sounds
E) the temporal cortex; spatial language meaning

Question 73

As Maria, who is deaf, watches the interpreter translate the speech into ASL, Maria's _______________ is activated.

A) Wernicke's area
B) the arcuate fasciculus
C) Broca's area
D) the posterior language area
E) the transcortical area

Question 74

Which of the following is true of stuttering?

A) Stuttering is more common in women than men.
B) Wernicke's area is overactive in stuttering.
C) Delayed auditory feedback improves the speech of a stutterer.
D) Stuttering is worsened when a stutterer sings along with a crowd.
E) Prosody is normal in stuttering.

Question 75

One way to think about transcortical aphasia is that this syndrome is

A) a mixture of pure word deafness and alexia.
B) a mixture of Broca's disorder and alexia.
C) Wernicke's aphasia without pure word deafness.
D) a mixture of transcortical sensory aphasia less pure word deafness.
E) produced by damage to the connections of the anterior language area.

Question 76

________ is activated when a person observes or imitates the finger movements of another person.

A) Wernicke's area
B) The arcuate fasciculus
C) Broca's area
D) The anterior cingulated cortex
E) The primary motor cortex

Question 77

Making judgments about the plausibility of a verbal passage activates

A) the left inferior temporal pole.
B) the posterior language area.
C) portions of the corpus callosum.
D) parts of the right hemisphere.
E) Broca's area.

Question 78

Which of the following represents the flow of information for speech comprehension?

A) Wernicke's area -> posterior language area -> sensory and motor association cortex
B) posterior language area -> sensory memory cortex
C) sensory and motor association cortex -> posterior language area -> Broca's area
D) sensory memory cortex -> Broca's area
E) Broca's area -> sensory motor cortex

Question 79

When it comes to repeating words, individuals with ____________ will perform the best.

A) conduction aphasia
B) Wernicke's aphasia
C) pure word deafness
D) transcortical sensory aphasia
E) Broca's aphasia

Question 80

The key deficit in pure anomia involves a difficulty in

A) speech comprehension.
B) producing fluent speech.
C) repeating words.
D) choosing the correct words to express an idea.
E) repeating nonwords.