Deck 15: Social Change and the Environment

Question 1

_____ is one of the three processes of social change identified by William Ogburn.

A)Diffusion
B)Cultural lag
C)Dialectics
D)A unilinear theory

Answer 1

A
Diffusion

Question 2

In a traditional society,education was

A)nonexistent.
B)formal.
C)begun in the third decade of life.
D)informal.

Answer 2

D
informal.

Question 3

The alteration of culture and societies over time is known as

A)modernization.
B)social movement.
C)social change.
D)G8.

Answer 3

C
social change.

Question 4

Desperate to secure untapped resources,G7 increasingly views _____ as significant to the well-being of the rest of the world.

A)the United States
B)Germany
C)Africa
D)Japan

Question 5

The triadic division of the planet since World War II places the emphasis on _____ in Europe.

A)Italy
B)France
C)Germany
D)Great Britain

Question 6

In a traditional Gemeinschaft society,the divisions of labor between men and women are

A)flexible.
B)nonexistent.
C)rigid.
D)determined by the shaman.

Question 7

According to William Ogburn,_____ is a new way of seeing reality.

A)discovery
B)invention
C)diffusion
D)cultural lag

Question 8

In a traditional society,the temporal orientation was

A)toward the past.
B)toward the present.
C)toward the future.
D)nonexistent.

Question 9

_____ theories propose that different routes lead to the same stage of development.

A)Multilinear
B)Natural cycle
C)Diffusion
D)Unilinear

Question 10

_____ theories assume that all societies follow the same path (from simple to complex).

A)Bilinear
B)Trilinear
C)Multilinear
D)Unilinear

Question 11

The text says that in addition to the four social revolutions that we have had,we may be entering a fifth based on

A)sports.
B)mapping the human genome and biotechnology.
C)the growing relevance of Africa.
D)Gesselschaft.

Question 12

_____ is the combining of existing elements and materials to form new ones.

A)Discovery
B)Diffusion
C)Invention
D)Infusion

Question 13

_____ is the term sociologists use for a traditional,small,rural society.

A)Gemeinschaft
B)Rapidly changing
C)Gesellschaft
D)Materialistic

Question 14

Cyclical theories assume that civilizations are

A)like parts of a Gesellschaft.
B)obsolete.
C)like organisms.
D)antitheses.

Question 15

According to Marx's dialectical view of history,each ruling group

A)plants the seeds for its own growth.
B)is a synthesis.
C)represents a classless state.
D)sows the seeds of its own destruction.

Question 16

Max Weber believed that capitalism came from

A)changes in life expectancy.
B)increased religiosity.
C)the Protestant Reformation.
D)smaller family sizes.

Question 17

Marx's model of historical change viewed a thesis plus an antithesis as resulting in a(n)

A)classless state.
B)synthesis.
C)utopia.
D)state of permanent war.

Question 18

_____ is the transformation of traditional societies into industrial societies.

A)Social movement
B)Gemeinschaft
C)The third social revolution
D)Modernization

Question 19

In traditional societies,material possessions were _____.In industrialized societies,material possessions are _____.

A)many; few
B)many; many
C)few; few
D)few; many

Question 20

With the globalization of the modern world,social movements often sweep across

A)time.
B)national borders.
C)the media but not reality.
D)an entire town.

Question 21

The predator drone

A)is science fiction.
B)strikes from thousands of feet above the ground.
C)has been outlawed by NATO.
D)has equivalents in several dozen countries around the world.

Question 22

Envy and pride may be basic to human nature,but the particular material display depends on

A)family relationships.
B)automobiles.
C)the state of technology.
D)alienation.

Question 23

Technology _____ artificial means of extending human abilities.

A)is usually an alternative to
B)always refers to
C)is a natural substitute for
D)never refers to

Question 24

Marriages became more fragile once people

A)left home to work in factories.
B)began to divorce less.
C)came back home from factories and offices to work at home.
D)secured the means of production.

Question 25

Before factories,workers could _____ if they did not like something.

A)not do a thing
B)fire the owners
C)pick up their tools and leave
D)be easily replaced

Question 26

Thanks to computers,the international flow of money has become

A)harder to follow.
B)so regulated that the best way to transfer cash is in a suitcase.
C)easier to regulate.
D)much slower.

Question 27

Which statement about computers in education today is true?

A)The use of computers in education peaked some years ago and is declining.
B)Communicating with others remains a weakness of computers.
C)We have barely begun to harness the power of computers in education.
D)Computers are discouraged in preference to written materials.

Question 28

Cars are an example of

A)invention.
B)discovery.
C)diffusion.
D)innovation.

Question 29

How did the automobile change architecture?

A)The parking area around malls shrunk.
B)Apartments changed.
C)Wheel designs were used on facades.
D)Garages for cars became integrated into houses.

Question 30

As the automobile pushed aside the former technology-horse and buggy-people thought that cars would

A)be a passing fad.
B)eliminate parking problems in cities,because a car took up only half as much space as a horse and buggy.
C)always remain a rich person's toy.
D)make parking more difficult in cities,because a car took up twice as much space as a horse and buggy.

Question 31

Thanks to automobiles,women

A)became "producers of food and clothing," in Flink's (1990)words.
B)were freed from the narrow confines of their homes.
C)no longer ate canned goods.
D)became more conservative in their views.

Question 32

The new technology that led to factories brought about a new _____ capitalism.

A)religion that despised
B)ideology that praised
C)morality to ameliorate the negative effects of
D)worker-owned form of

Question 33

_____ is Marx's term for workers' lack of connection to the product of their labor.

A)Postmodern society
B)Social inequality
C)Alienation
D)Suburbanization

Question 34

Postmodern society is

A)reliant on obsolete technology.
B)postindustrial society.
C)preindustrial society.
D)a type of ideology.

Question 35

When it comes to cyber attacks,the U.S.military

A)has not been attacked,to date.
B)is both victim and perpetrator.
C)places a low priority on cyber attack protection.
D)has no fear of cyber attacks.

Question 36

When production moved out of the home,workers went to

A)unemployment lines.
B)factories.
C)churches.
D)assembly halls.

Question 37

An example of discovery is

A)money.
B)airplanes.
C)Columbus discovering North America.
D)the microchip.

Question 38

For sociology,the significance of technology is

A)how it changes our way of life.
B)that worker-owner relations remain the same.
C)difficult to fathom.
D)that no one owns the tools that people work with.

Question 39

Suburbanization was stimulated by

A)leaving home to work in factories.
B)changes in ideology.
C)international conflict.
D)the automobile.

Question 40

Ogburn said that _____ occurred when human behavior lagged behind technological innovations.

A)social lag
B)diffusion
C)discovery
D)cultural lag

Question 41

A sustainable environment

A)may not produce enough material goods for everyone's needs.
B)is easier to attain with the Least Industrialized Nations revving up their economic engines.
C)is so called because it can sustain much more pollution that the Earth does now.
D)leaves a sound environment for the next generation.

Question 42

How humans affect the environment and how the environment affects humans are the focus of

A)environmental sociology.
B)Eco-sabotage.
C)environmental justice.
D)harmony.

Question 43

_____ refers to actions taken to sabotage the efforts of people who are thought to be legally harming the environment.

A)Environmental injustice
B)Eco-sabotage
C)Environmental sociology
D)Environmental justice

Question 44

One-half of all of the Earth's plant and animal species live in

A)endangered cities.
B)the Arctic.
C)China.
D)rain forests.

Question 45

Environmental injustice refers to how _____ are harmed the most by environmental pollution.

A)the wealthiest people
B)plants
C)minorities and the poor
D)animals

Question 46

One could say that until recently,the slogan of the Most Industrialized Nations has been

A)"Growth at any cost."
B)"Save the planet."
C)"Respect life."
D)"Environment first."

Question 47

What statement about energy shortage is true?

A)There is no shortage-abundant energy is available from the sun,tides,and wind.
B)The energy shortage threatens life on our planet.
C)Soon we will not be able to drive cars due to the energy shortage.
D)At present there is no energy shortage,but there will be one in a few years.

Question 48

The problem with acid rain is that it

A)kills some bacteria.
B)is depleting the world's finite supply of sulfuric and nitric acid.
C)creates flooding.
D)kills animal and plant life.

Question 49

The U.S.state with the largest number of the worst hazardous waste sites is

A)Nevada.
B)Michigan.
C)California.
D)New Jersey.

Question 50

Of the world's 10 most polluted cities,seven are located in

A)the United States,a Most Industrialized Nation.
B)China,an Industrializing Nation.
C)Japan,a Most Industrialized Nation.
D)Italy,a Most Industrialized Nation.