Deck 11: Politics and the Economy

Question 1

In a(n)_____,an individual has seized power.

A)direct democracy
B)dictatorship
C)oligarchy
D)representative democracy

Answer 1

B
dictatorship

Question 2

Rational-legal authority is based upon

A)oral tradition.
B)coercion.
C)written rules.
D)custom.

Answer 2

C
written rules.

Question 3

In a(n)_____ democracy,the eligible voters meet together to discuss issues and make their decisions.

A)indirect
B)representative
C)direct
D)totalitarian

Answer 3

C
direct

Question 4

In a monarchy,the power to rule is passed on to the

A)ruler's friends.
B)ruler's children.
C)people.
D)charismatic leader.

Question 5

Joan of Arc is an example of a leader who had_____ authority.

A)charismatic
B)rational-legal
C)traditional
D)no

Question 6

Because there is no rule for succession when a charismatic authority figure dies,the leader will sometimes name a successor or build an organization that can govern after the charismatic figure is gone.Weber called this transition of authority the

A)traditional authority.
B)routinization of charisma.
C)revolution.
D)best of all possible worlds.

Question 7

In the United States,third parties

A)have consistently been successful.
B)must support the same centrist themes as Democrats and Republicans to play a role.
C)are illegal.
D)have to set themselves apart from the two main parties to play a role.

Question 8

Power that people consider rightly exercised over them is known as

A)coercion.
B)authority.
C)imposed control.
D)illegitimate power.

Question 9

Representative democracy uses _____ of the voters to discuss the issues and make decisions.

A)the rulers
B)representatives
C)children
D)friends

Question 10

The _____ is a political entity that claims a monopoly on the use of violence in a country.

A)charismatic authority
B)state
C)army
D)court

Question 11

The term democracy literally means

A)all hail the king.
B)may the best man win.
C)common denominator.
D)power to the people.

Question 12

Republicans and Democrats represent

A)radically different political parties.
B)the exact same viewpoint.
C)slightly different slices of the center.
D)extreme viewpoints.

Question 13

In the early United States,_____ voted.

A)everyone
B)all men
C)all white men
D)all white men who owned property

Question 14

A feature of early societies was _____,the power of which radiated outward to adjacent areas that came under its rule.

A)representative democracy
B)revolutionary authority
C)universal citizenship
D)the city-state

Question 15

The amount of control wielded over a people by totalitarianism is

A)almost total.
B)moderate.
C)very slight.
D)nonexistent.

Question 16

Traditional authority-which is authority based on custom-is the hallmark of

A)preindustrial societies.
B)industrialized societies.
C)all states.
D)postindustrial societies.

Question 17

_____,something new with the United States,is the concept that birth (and residence or naturalization)in a country imparts basic rights.

A)Revolution
B)Citizenship
C)Dictatorship
D)Totalitarianism

Question 18

People reject the government's monopoly on violence,and claim the right for themselves,in a(n)

A)state.
B)exercise of traditional authority.
C)election.
D)revolution.

Question 19

A small group of individuals holds power in a(n)

A)oligarchy.
B)representative democracy.
C)dictatorship.
D)direct democracy.

Question 20

_____ is a form of power that people do not accept as rightly exercised over them.

A)Legitimate power
B)Large-scale power
C)Authority
D)Coercion

Question 21

The intention of _____ is to prevent any single branch of the U.S.government from dominating the government.

A)the conflict perspective
B)pluralism
C)checks and balances
D)anarchy

Question 22

The functionalist perspective on who should rule in society favors

A)individualism.
B)anarchy.
C)pluralism.
D)royalty.

Question 23

A _____ is a government in which a country's largest party does not have enough votes to rule,and so aligns itself with one or more smaller parties to rule.

A)coalition government
B)third party
C)PAC
D)democracy

Question 24

Complete this well-known quotation from Carl von Clausewitz (1918): "War is

A)hell."
B)a thing abhorred since the beginning of time."
C)merely a continuation of politics by other means."
D)what happens when all religious approaches have failed."

Question 25

Conflict theorists take the position that _____ dominate(s)the United States.

A)lobbyists
B)functionalists
C)anarchy
D)a ruling class

Question 26

What is the difference between centrist and noncentrist parties?

A)Centrists are generally Democrats and noncentrists are frequently Republicans.
B)Both represent the same slice of the electorate,so there is really no difference.
C)In terms of political opinion,centrists represent the center and noncentrists represent ideas that are not at the center.
D)Noncentrist parties have a better chance of winning in the United States than centrist parties.

Question 27

A _____ is a person who influences legislation on behalf of his or her clients.

A)special-interest group
B)PAC
C)third-party supporter
D)lobbyist

Question 28

In the largest wave of immigration to the United States,immigrants accounted for _____ of the population.Today,in the second largest wave,immigrants account for _____ of the population.

A)1%; 6%
B)9%; 12%
C)15%; 12%
D)31%; 44%

Question 29

War is _____ among societies.

A)universal
B)a modern invention
C)not universal
D)relatively uncommon

Question 30

According to Timasheff (1965),one of the three necessary conditions for a war to take place is

A)aggressive impulses.
B)a weaker nation's desire to dominate a stronger one.
C)an antagonistic situation.
D)a slight to the nation's honor.

Question 31

Proportional representation

A)is a feature of preindustrial societies.
B)places lobbyists in the legislature.
C)gives 100% of the seats in a legislature to the party winning a majority of the popular vote.
D)divides seats in a legislature according to the proportion of votes received by each political party.

Question 32

AARP,the American Cancer Society,and the League of Women Voters are examples of

A)lobbyists.
B)PACs.
C)special-interest groups.
D)third parties.

Question 33

In _____,the diffusion of power among many different interest groups prevents any one group from gaining control of the government.

A)the conflict perspective
B)the power pyramid of C.Wright Mills
C)pluralism
D)anarchy

Question 34

In the last seven presidential elections in the United States,which age group voted the most,six out of the seven times?

A)18-20
B)25-34
C)35-44
D)65 and older

Question 35

Timasheff (1965)identified seven "fuels" that make war likely,including

A)shared religious beliefs with the enemy.
B)a cultural tradition of war.
C)revenge.
D)an antagonistic situation.

Question 36

_____ is (are)a condition of lawlessness or political disorder caused by the absence or collapse of governmental authority.

A)Pluralism
B)Anarchy
C)Checks and balances
D)Functionalism

Question 37

_____ is armed conflict between nations or politically distinct groups.

A)Terrorism
B)War
C)Unrest
D)Civil disobedience

Question 38

In the last seven U.S.presidential elections,a majority of _____ have consistently voted for the Democratic candidate.

A)men
B)women
C)neither men nor women
D)both men and women

Question 39

In its 2010 ruling on Citizens United v.Federal Election Commission,the U.S.Supreme Court

A)opened the floodgate to corporate contributions of money to political candidates.
B)outlawed political contributions.
C)recognized that corporations are not people.
D)ruled that the First Amendment limits the amount of money that corporations can contribute to politicians.

Question 40

A product of war is _____,which leads us to reduce people to objects that do not deserve the treatment accorded to human beings.

A)terrorism
B)drones
C)dehumanization
D)arms sales

Question 41

The marriage of biology and economics in the _____ society is likely to yield greater surpluses than before and more extensive trade.

A)industrial
B)biotech
C)hunter-gatherer
D)new agricultural

Question 42

Hunting and gathering societies had a(n)_____ economy,living off the land and with little or no surplus.

A)subsistence
B)modern
C)pastoral
D)industrial

Question 43

The top members of the capitalist class share _____ allowing them to make the major decisions that affect the world.

A)similar educations
B)worldwide interconnections
C)political ideologies
D)socialist ideals

Question 44

When it comes to deploying drones,the president is

A)uninvolved.
B)following American historical examples.
C)judge,jury,and executioner.
D)against the concept.

Question 45

The _____ ushered in agricultural societies.

A)use of child labor
B)plow
C)subsistence economy
D)steam engine

Question 46

Hunting and gathering societies had a(n)_____ economy,living off the land and with little or no surplus.

A)subsistence
B)modern
C)pastoral
D)industrial

Question 47

Despite disunity and bloodshed,a sign of an effort at unity among nations is the

A)relationship between Russia and Ukraine.
B)United Nations.
C)new Cold War.
D)decline of China.

Question 48

Capitalism responds to

A)market forces.
B)edicts from central planning committees.
C)the public,which owns the means of production.
D)pure socialism.

Question 49

In laissez-faire capitalism,

A)the government controls the market.
B)central committees control the market.
C)the government does not interfere in the market.
D)the public controls the market.

Question 50

In _____,the means of production are privately owned.

A)socialism
B)convergence theory
C)laissez-faire socialism
D)capitalism

Question 51

Democratic socialism is

A)an economic system where only individuals own businesses.
B)a hybrid economic system.
C)pure capitalism.
D)an economic system where only the government owns businesses.

Question 52

In what century was the steam engine invented?

A)Seventeenth
B)Eighteenth
C)Nineteenth
D)Twentieth

Question 53

Number one among the top 10 world arms sellers is

A)the United States.
B)China.
C)Russia.
D)France.

Question 54

The main criticism leveled against capitalism is that it

A)focuses too much on the public good.
B)leads to social equality.
C)does not respect individual rights.
D)leads to social inequality.

Question 55

The intent of terrorism is to produce _____ in order to obtain _____.

A)fear; political objectives
B)chaos; order
C)fear; reconciliation
D)alarm; attention

Question 56

A society's view of children as having the right to be educated and to be spared from adult burdens accompanies

A)economic prosperity.
B)child-labor laws.
C)poverty.
D)democracy.

Question 57

A system of producing and distributing goods and services is known as a(n)

A)subsistence economy.
B)market.
C)economy.
D)hunting and gathering society.

Question 58

One important feature of socialism is

A)encouragement of competition.
B)profit-making.
C)the elimination of competition.
D)distribution of goods according to people's ability to pay.

Question 59

A system of producing and distributing goods and services is known as a(n)

A)subsistence economy.
B)market.
C)economy.
D)hunting and gathering society.

Question 60

_____ take(s)the view that capitalist and socialist economic systems,in adopting features of one another,will create a mixed economic system.

A)State capitalism
B)Convergence theory
C)Market forces
D)Divergence theory

Question 61

_____ is any item,whether sea shells or gold,that serves as a medium of exchange.

A)Money
B)The gold standard
C)Barter
D)Stored value

Question 62

In what century was the steam engine invented?

A)Seventeenth
B)Eighteenth
C)Nineteenth
D)Twentieth

Question 63

The _____ ushered in agricultural societies.

A)use of child labor
B)plow
C)subsistence economy
D)steam engine

Question 64

Carlos often did not have much money with him,but he shopped anyway,using a _____,which is a device that allows its owner to buy goods and be billed for them later.

A)debit card
B)credit card
C)deposit receipt
D)currency

Question 65

Sarah stopped at the supermarket to quickly pick up some milk,bread,cat litter,and a tomato.When she saw the total come up on the screen,she swore that it was a dollar higher than it should be.But no,the prices were all correct on her receipt.It was just that they had all gone up.So had the cost of clothing,cars,and most everything else.This is called

A)the gold standard.
B)inflation.
C)increased purchasing power of the dollar.
D)stored value.

Question 66

Currency is

A)gold.
B)fiat money.
C)e-cash.
D)paper money.

Question 67

A society's view of children as having the right to be educated and to be spared from adult burdens accompanies

A)economic prosperity.
B)child-labor laws.
C)poverty.
D)democracy.

Question 68

Which of the following statements about the gold standard is true?

A)All economies follow it.
B)It permits countries to print as much paper money as they want.
C)The United States follows it.
D)In 1971,the United States dropped the gold standard.

Question 69

The amount of goods and services that a nation produces is known as the

A)gross domestic product.
B)deposit receipt.
C)total output.
D)medium of exchange.

Question 70

A _____ is used as a form of money.It states that a certain amount of goods are on deposit in a warehouse or bank.

A)gold standard
B)deposit receipt
C)currency
D)credit card

Question 71

The cost of an item purchased is electronically withdrawn from the purchaser's bank account using a

A)credit card.
B)deposit receipt.
C)fiat currency.
D)debit card.

Question 72

In _____,the means of production are privately owned.

A)socialism
B)convergence theory
C)laissez-faire socialism
D)capitalism

Question 73

Governments ____ the development of e-cash.

A)provide grants for
B)encourage
C)dislike
D)are unaware of

Question 74

A transaction in e-gold is actually the transfer of ownership of a specified amount of _____ stored in a bank vault.

A)silver
B)gold
C)paper money
D)euros

Question 75

For the first time,it was no longer necessary for everyone to work at producing food in

A)pastoral and horticultural societies.
B)industrial societies.
C)hunting and gathering societies.
D)subsistence economies.

Question 76

To _____ is to directly exchange one item for another.

A)barter
B)purchase
C)use fiat money
D)use electronic gold

Question 77

A _____ is the means by which people place a value on goods and services in order to make an exchange; for example,currency,gold,and silver.

A)barter
B)deposit receipt
C)medium of exchange
D)currency

Question 78

A deposit receipt or a currency has a(n)_____,which is defined as the goods stored and held in reserve that back up a receipt or currency.

A)barter value
B)gross domestic product (GDP)
C)stored value
D)inflation reserve

Question 79

Fiat money is

A)backed by stored value.
B)a type of inflation.
C)not backed by stored value.
D)a form of barter.

Question 80

The marriage of biology and economics in the _____ society is likely to yield greater surpluses than before and more extensive trade.

A)industrial
B)biotech
C)hunter-gatherer
D)new agricultural