Deck 4: The Uses of Gender

Question 1

What are some of the changes that have occurred in the work sphere since the 1972 Commonwealth Conciliation and Arbitration Commission ruled that equal pay for equal work should be implemented by 1975?

Answer 1

Student response could describe the importance of the 1975 decision to pay rates for women.Outline the societal changes that have influenced the number of women in the workforce and the types of jobs women undertake.

Question 2

Find one recent news article,magazine article,advertisement or other empirical source which provides an example of gender socialisation and in less than 500 words explain in what ways this occurs.Provide a copy of the source or give a clear reference to where it can be located.

Answer 2

Student response could include a definition of gender socialisation.Student should write an explanation of how the source is an example of gender socialisation,give their reasons for highlighting the example and explain the way gender socialisation works in this example.

Question 3

Changes in which sector of the economy have contributed to the increase of women in paid employment?

A)The training sector
B)The labour market
C)The community sector
D)Households

Answer 3

B

Question 4

More young women than ever before report that they do not wish to become mothers.Discuss how gender ideology accounts for this social trend.

Question 5

Which of the following does NOT relate to the process of gender socialisation?

A)Hormone levels which biologically determine gender
B)The ways adults talk to and treat babies according to whether they are girls or boys
C)Toys such as trucks for boys or dolls for girls
D)Play where children practise being in feminine or masculine roles

Question 6

What are the ways in which gender ideology affects women's economic lives?

A)Low wages and unpaid work
B)Employment opportunities
C)Flexibility in hours
D)Long periods of unemployment

Question 7

Gender roles have changed over time because of an increase in the hormone levels of people's bodies.

Question 8

Which legal acts significant to women were established in 1975?

A)The Maternity Leave Act and the Fair Work Act
B)The Family Law Act and the Maternity Leave Act
C)Sex Discrimination Act and the Maternity Leave Act
D)Sex Discrimination Act and the Family Law Act

Question 9

Sociological explanations of sex and gender reveal:

A)Sex is a simple biological concept because at birth you can only be born with one set of genitalia
B)The concept of gender only exists in Western societies and is used to give value,power and status more often to men than women
C)Sociobiologists argue that sex is biologically caused and gender is socially constructed
D)Gender is only socially produced and is the outcome of many years of socialisation

Question 10

There are some advantages for women in casual employment and part time work.Which of the following is a disadvantage?

A)Balances family needs
B)Changing shifts
C)Employment insecurity
D)Flexibility in hours

Question 11

Considering women's economic lives,what are the social benefits and disadvantages of offering ALL women in part-time and full-time employment paid maternity leave?

Question 12

Which sociologist conducted a laboratory experiment in which people were asked to identify masculine and feminine characteristics in 1972?

A)Broverman
B)Connell
C)Kafai
D)Nayak

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a change that has occurred in society over the last 35 years and which has impacted on women and paid work?

A)An increase in the availability of part-time and casual jobs
B)An increase in jobs in the clerical,sales and services sector
C)An increase in housing costs necessitating two incomes
D)Women being able to have children out of wedlock

Question 14

The sexual division of labour:

A)Ended in Australia in 1975
B)Seeks to create a level playing field between men and women
C)Associates men with public-sphere work and women with private-sphere work
D)Exists mainly in public business sectors of the economy,not in private sectors like policing and government

Question 15

Describe briefly the ways that heterosexuality for men is bound up with notions of power.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT one of the three interlinked reasons why changes in gender behaviour and identities occur?

A)Social pressure
B)Technological innovation
C)Economic change
D)Individual agency

Question 17

Why do women do more housework than men?

A)More time at home
B)Feminisation of labour
C)Family needs
D)Gender ideology

Question 18

The broad term to identify people with a gender identity that does not match their sex at birth is:

A)Transgender
B)Genderqueer
C)Transpeople
D)Androgynous

Question 19

Male rejection of hyper-masculinity and female rejection of passivity are examples of:

A)Individual actions
B)Gender constructs
C)Gender stereotypes
D)Individual agency

Question 20

Select the example which INCORRECTLY describes gender identity and sexuality:

A)You're either born gay or not,because sexual orientation is largely immutable,as married men's practice of only having sex with women reveals
B)Performativity refers to how we act out our gender and sexuality in everyday life
C)Drag queens and kings offer examples of how and why sociologists argue identity is part of gender,not sex
D)Homophobia provides evidence that male heterosexuality is inextricably bound up with power

Question 21

Each of the following was accomplished by the 1970s Women's Movement EXCEPT:

A)Identification of how gendered power and gender ideology operate in key social institutions including work,law,health,family and education
B)Showing how education influences children's development of gender identities and the kinds of jobs to which they were likely to have access
C)Redefinition of family to include de facto relationships,stepfamilies,single parents,singlehood,divorcees and homosexual parents and couples
D)Elimination of sexist medical practices through the development and use of medical technologies such as caesareans,artificial hormonal supplements and epidurals

Question 22

Which of the following best describes a key outcome of the Maternity Leave Act (1973)?

A)Federal public servants were enabled to return to their previous employment after the birth of children
B)All Australian women were enabled to return to their previous employment after the birth of children
C)The maximum length of maternity leave was capped at 52 weeks for all Australian women,regardless of type of work
D)The maximum length of maternity leave was capped at 52 weeks for Federal public servants

Question 23

Make a list of short sentences that provide at least five ways in which the Family Law Act of 1975 changed the circumstances of women.

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT a measure designed to alleviate equal opportunity of girls and boys in education from the 1970s onwards?

A)Removal of readers representing women as only seen in the kitchen,or as teachers and nurses
B)Equal opportunity coordinators were employed to provide teachers with professional development so that they could transform their classroom practices
C)More women teachers were employed as they are best placed to understand the needs of girls
D)Special programs were put in place to encourage girls to study maths and science

Question 25

Examine in detail what generates gendered violence that is perpetrated by men against women.