Deck 15: Families

Question 1

Industrialization has moved the center of ________ from the domestic unit to the workplace and families have become private domestic retreats, particularly for men.

A) socialization
B) production
C) education
D) social control

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The breadwinner-homemaker pattern never applied to immigrants and racial minorities because ________.

A) their cultural values were different
B) they were denied the opportunities to earn a family wage
C) divorce was more prevalent among these families.
D) women in these families were more likely to have children out of wedlock

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In a(n) ________ society, family structures differ because households vary systematically in their ability to hook into, accumulate, and transmit wealth, wages, or welfare.

A) egalitarian
B) stratified
C) multicultural
D) democratic

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The myth of the family as a "haven in a heartless world" ________.

A) ignores the harsh effects of economic conditions on the family (for example, poverty, unemployment, and downward mobility)
B) ignores the social inequalities (racism, sexism, homophobia, ageism)
C) masks the inevitable problems that arise in intimate settings (tensions, anger, violence)
D) all of the above

Question 5

Families are embedded in a ________ hierarchy that is "pulling apart" to shrink the middle class while more families join the ranks of the rich or the poor.

A) status
B) social
C) class
D) racial

Question 6

The vast economic holdings of wealthy families allow them a high degree of control over rewards as well as privileged access to ________ and ________.

A) wealth / power
B) life chances / lifestyles
C) friends / money
D) fame / fortune

Question 7

A family's ________ is the single most important determinant of family life.

A) religious affiliation
B) ethnic background
C) location in the class system
D) sexual orientation

Question 8

The ________ outside the family at work, school, church, and voluntary associations are the social forces that shape class and racial differences in family life.

A) social networks
B) impersonal relationships
C) obligations
D) roles

Question 9

________, as Katherine Newman describes the effect of job loss, often involves stigma, embarrassment, and guilt, and often leads to stress and depression .

A) Falling from grace
B) Social mobility
C) Forced relocation
D) Flirting with disaster

Question 10

Many of the ________ about families are bound up with nostalgia, selective perception, and cultural values concerning what is correct, typical, and true about families.

A) values
B) myths
C) norms
D) assumptions

Question 11

________ of all children will spend at least part of their childhood in a single-parent family.

A) 10 percent
B) 30 percent
C) 50 percent
D) 70 percent

Question 12

The monolithic model of the family described above accounts for fewer than ________ of all families.

A) 10 percent
B) 20 percent
C) 30 percent
D) 40 percent

Question 13

The myth of the ________ family form presents a faulty image of a typical American family as white, middle-class, heterosexual, father-as-breadwinner, mother-as-homemaker, and children-at-home living in a one-family house.

A) monolithic
B) modern
C) unified
D) egalitarian

Question 14

New economic growth in the United States has been in the sectors that are major employers of ________.

A) men
B) women
C) skilled workers
D) educated professionals

Question 15

The myth of a ________ family experience assumes that all family members experience family life in the same way.

A) monolithic
B) modern
C) unified
D) egalitarian

Question 16

The rhetoric about ________ argues that family arrangements that differ from the idealized family are the sources of social problems.

A) traditional morals
B) family responsibility
C) family values
D) traditional roles

Question 17

Employers traditionally have assumed that most families included only one ________, and, as a result, many men received incomes intended to support a family and salaries for women were assumed to be optional.

A) main breadwinner
B) head of household
C) man and woman
D) primary caretaker

Question 18

The structural transformations that have occurred in the economy have been profound for the ________, who have been the hardest hit by the economic transformation.

A) corporate class
B) working class
C) management class
D) middle class

Question 19

What we think of as the family is a/an ________ that implies a private retreat set apart from society but masks the real relationship between families and the larger society.

A) fiction
B) ideal
C) exaggeration
D) myth

Question 20

The ________ family view masks the inevitable problems that arise in intimate settings (tension, anger, and even violence in some instances).

A) nuclear
B) modern
C) idealized
D) critical

Question 21

__________ with children continue to be a prominent family pattern.

A) Single parents
B) Married couples
C) Teen parents
D) Elderly parents

Question 22

________ households are individuals who live alone.

A) Family
B) Nonfamily
C) One-person
D) Postmodern

Question 23

________ of first marriages end in divorce, and the U.S. divorce rate is highest among the western world.

A) Around half
B) Over 75%
C) Less than 25%
D) None of the above

Question 24

The decline in two-parent households with children reflects ________.

A) the postponement of children
B) the shift toward smaller families
C) the extended period of time before young adults marry
D) ll of the above

Question 25

Identify which of the following is a variable that affects the probability of remarriage.

A) age
B) socioeconomic status
C) race
D) all of the above

Question 26

Two-parent households with children _______ from _____ to 22% for households between 1970 and 2009.

A) increased / 11%
B) increased / 20%
C) decreased / 40%
D) decreased / 80%

Question 27

The growth of the ________, which involves persons who live alone or with unrelated individuals, is one of the most dramatic changes to occur during the past three decades.

A) nonfamily household
B) postmodern family
C) single-person household
D) None of the above

Question 28

The postmodern family form is not new to the ________.

A) poor
B) middle class
C) upper class
D) All of the above

Question 29

________ households include those that consist of two or more unrelated individuals who share living quarters.

A) Family
B) Nonfamily
C) Postmodern
D) Modern

Question 30

The changing form of the family is a major consequence of the ________ associated with the current economy.

A) changes in responsibilities
B) economic transformations
C) changes gender roles
D) shifts in socialization patterns

Question 31

For wives, the unequal division of labor within the family provides the foundation for what Hochschild called the ________, a term used to describe the additional hours that working women put in on housework.

A) work-family role system
B) gender stratification system
C) second shift
D) matrix of domination

Question 32

Most of the postmodern families have ________.

A) dual wage-earners
B) single incomes
C) single parents
D) lesbian parents

Question 33

According to Judith Stacey, the ________ family is an intact nuclear household composed of a male breadwinner, his full-time homemaker wife, and their dependent children.

A) modern
B) postmodern
C) culturally dominant
D) None of the above

Question 34

Minorities tend to have higher _______ than whites.

A) fertility rates
B) salary levels
C) mortage payments
D) marriage satisfaction rates

Question 35

The way families are ________ encourages conflict and violence.

A) disciplined
B) uncaring
C) organized
D) loving

Question 36

There are ________ families that include ex-spouses and their lovers, children (often adults), and friends; households now expand and contract as adult children leave and then return home, only to leave again.

A) fragmented
B) dysfunctional
C) unconventional
D) divorce-extended

Question 37

In 2000, 32.5% of ________ with children lived in poverty compared to 4.7% of married-couples with children.

A) male-headed families
B) female-headed families
C) divorce-extended families
D) postmodern families

Question 38

The ________ has emerged as a new family form because economic uncertainty and domestic upheavals required innovative ways to cope.

A) modern family
B) traditional family
C) postmodern family
D) pre-modern family

Question 39

Families headed by a(n) ________ are more likely to live in households that include children.

A) minority
B) man
C) white person
D) elderly person

Question 40

Identify which of the following is not a variable that affects the probability of remarriage.

A) age
B) socioeconomic status
C) race
D) appearance

Question 41

According to Judith Stacey, fewer than ________ percent of households now conform to the modern family form.

A) 1
B) 5
C) 10
D) 15

Question 42

For many families, downward mobility

A) is unique to the lower class.
B) adds tension that makes family life difficult.
C) is a normal part of life.
D) can strengthen the family bond.

Question 43

The upper class is characterized by ________ family boundaries and ________ class boundaries.

A) closed / open
B) open / closed
C) nuclear / extended
D) multiple / diverse

Question 44

The most significant change in the nation's households since 1970 has been the

A) growth of the nonfamily household.
B) disappearance of the nuclear family.
C) enlargement of the extended family.
D) decline of romantic love as a basis for marriage.

Question 45

Middle-class whites were able to achieve the stable suburban family through the

A) G.I. Bill.
B) National Defense Education Act.
C) Veterans Administration loan subsidies.
D) all of the above

Question 46

________ are more extended in classes at the two extremes.

A) Kinship ties
B) Secondary institutions
C) Stable monogamous marriages
D) Institutional linkages

Question 47

Which of the following is not a trend altering the future prospects for families in the United States?

A) Economics will continue to drive family changes.
B) Nontraditional family forms shaped by social and economic changes will decline.
C) Divorce will continue.
D) Stresses on the family functions will continue to reshape families

Question 48

The conflict model contends that the family is a vital part of capitalism because it produces ________.

A) workers
B) violence
C) consumers
D) all of the above

Question 49

Minority single-parent families

A) are disorganized.
B) are often embedded in a network of sharing and support.
C) have an entangled network of pathologies.
D) have fluid boundaries that make them unstable.

Question 50

A family is a ________, whereas a household is a ________ .

A) set of relationships / residence or living arrangement
B) reference group / primary residence
C) membership group / outgroup
D) domestic unit / kinship group

Question 51

The way family is organized encourages conflict because of the following condition(s):

A) Power is unequally distributed between parents and children and between spouses.
B) Family encompasses a wide range of activities and interests, which results in a greater number of potential causes for dispute.
C) The rule of privacy, prevalent in our society, insulates the family members from the protection that society could provide if a family member gets too abusive.
D) All of the above

Question 52

A 10-year study of divorce in California concluded that

A) ex-wives have advantages over ex-husbands.
B) income moves to the ex-wife with divorce.
C) men after divorce were much better off than were women.
D) children were scarred by divorce.

Question 53

An important theme in the marriage movement is

A) discouraging divorce.
B) encouraging divorced people to remarry.
C) to recognize the gendered nature of divorce.
D) altering the unfair treatment of women in divorce proceedings.

Question 54

The myth of a unified family experience is challenged by the fact that

A) women and men experience marriage differently.
B) divorce affects men and women differently.
C) remarriage patterns differ by gender.
D) all of the above

Question 55

Historian Stephanie Coontz has studied the U.S. family and found that

A) the family has recently gone bad.
B) the family has changed to an economic and political institution.
C) there was no golden age to the family.
D) in the nineteenth century, the family was a haven in a heartless world.

Question 56

Christian religious groups that disapproved of divorce would apply various sanctions to members who divorced, the most severe of which was

A) the use of annulment.
B) the technique of excommunication.
C) the practice of shunning.
D) defining the divorced member who remarried as an adulterer.

Question 57

From the conflict perspective, the family is a product of the ________.

A) biological needs
B) social needs
C) material inequalities found at the macro level
D) Both A and B

Question 58

The institutional linkages of the elite result in

A) an intact lifestyle.
B) a small but national marriage market.
C) an elaborate support structure.
D) all of the above

Question 59

Family arrangements in the United States are closely related to

A) economic development.
B) belief in romantic love.
C) the maturity of the couple.
D) arranged marriages.

Question 60

A reason for the increase in the divorce rate would be

A) a decrease in the financial independence of women.
B) the greater tolerance for divorce by religious groups.
C) the elimination of no-fault divorce laws.
D) a decrease in employment for women.

Question 61

_______ provides for children's life chances .

A) Affirmative action
B) Intelligence and grades
C) Educational resources
D) Class position

Question 62

The myth of a singular or monolithic family form gives us a consistent image of what the family is supposed to be as presented by politicians, ministers and priests, children's literature, and television.

Question 63

S. child poverty rates are often linked to surges in

A) families headed by single women.
B) one unemployed member of a dual-career family.
C) economic recessions.
D) seasonal unemployment.

Question 64

The families of the past were more stable, better adjusted, and happier than today's families.

Question 65

The most important reason for the stress and strain experienced by many teenagers is

A) the use of substances.
B) this period is an age of transition from one social status to another.
C) confusion about career choice.
D) problems with self-concept and self-esteem.

Question 66

The family is not a gendered institution; men and women potentially experience different family experiences in very different ways.

Question 67

Teenagers are a very significant category in U.S. society because

A) of chronic unemployment.
B) they are an economic liability.
C) they are a strong economic force.
D) they increase the poverty level of their family.

Question 68

Divorce rates in the past were lower because love between family members was stronger.

Question 69

A family is a residence group that carries out domestic functions.

Question 70

Conflict theory sees family arrangements as being closely related to cultural development.

Question 71

Whites were able to achieve the stable suburban family lives that became the ideal against which other families were judged because of their hard work and superior family values.

Question 72

In 1980, ________ percent of children lived with two parents; by 2009, the percentage was ________ .

A) 85 / 66
B) 40 / 70
C) 55 / 45
D) 70 / 20

Question 73

In Hochschild's concept of the "second shift," she found that ________ was paramount to which wage earner performed the household duties.

A) social class
B) race
C) gender
D) personality

Question 74

Families are embedded in a class hierarchy that is "pulling apart" to shrink the middle class while more families join the ranks of the rich or the poor.

Question 75

Family arrangements in the United States are closely related to economic development.

Question 76

Many find family changes that have been occurring in the last few decades threatening.

Question 77

During the twentieth century, the population of the United States experienced a profound change.

A) It became older.
B) It was beset with chemical abuse.
C) The homicide rate doubled.
D) Unemployment rates tripled.

Question 78

The drastic rate of growth in the elderly population is referred to as the "senior boom".

Question 79

According to Gelles (1995), the family is a place where people are more likely to be

A) killed.
B) assaulted.
C) victimized.
D) all of the above

Question 80

Teenagers

A) work at some time during high school.
B) form the core of our low-wage restaurant work force.
C) experience a premature affluence.
D) all of the above