Deck 9: Language and Thought

Question 1

Maireadoften hikes or camps by herself, and she's able to navigate the wilderness based on cues like the position of the sun, the flow of water, and the behaviour of the local wildlife. Animals seem to instinctively like her, and everything she plants in her garden grows. Mairead probably has

A) emotional intelligence.
B) visual-spatial intelligence.
C) bodily-kinesthetic intelligence.
D) naturalistic intelligence.

Answer 1

naturalistic intelligence.

Question 2

Nikki has just taken an IQ test and wants to know what exactly intelligence is. The person who tested her says he believes intelligence is one thing that cuts across virtually all tasks one completes. This core ability is

A) gainful loss (gl).
B) general mental age (gm).
C) mental giftedness (mg).
D) general intelligence (g).

Answer 2

general intelligence (g).

Question 3

Ted was bored by school, so his grades were poor throughout primary and secondary school. He eventually dropped out and started a business rebuilding classic cars with modern engines. Ted's business is very successful, and he loves what he does. Is Ted intelligent?

A) No. Good grades are the best indicator of intelligence.
B) Yes. People who are bored in school invariably have genius-level IQs.
C) No. Ted has not demonstrated an ability to acquire knowledge, reason effectively, and adapt to his environment.
D) Yes. Ted has demonstrated an ability to acquire knowledge, reason effectively, and adapt to his environment.

Answer 3

Yes. Ted has demonstrated an ability to acquire knowledge, reason effectively, and adapt to his environment.

Question 4

Mona recently visited Montreal for the first time. She used the subway system even though she only speaks English. Mona is using

A) fluid intelligence.
B) crystallized intelligence.
C) construct validity.
D) criterion-related validity.

Question 5

Margaret took the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and was told that she has an IQ of 90. Margaret is certain this proves that her teachers are grading her unfairly when they give her C's. Margaret's friend Latisha explained that an IQ of 90 is not the same as a grading of 90 percent. Instead, it means that Margaret's

A) score falls at a different percentile, which suggests that she is developmentally disabled.
B) score falls at a different percentile and her IQ is very high.
C) IQ test was invalid, since it is not possible to get a 90.
D) score falls at a different percentile, and her IQ is slightly below average.

Question 6

Comparing children's mental ages, with the mental ages of their same-age peers, produced the first intelligence quotients. This means that if a seven-year-old child was performing as if she were a six-year-old, her IQ would be

A) about 86, below average.
B) about 100, average.
C) about 115, above average.
D) We can't determine based on this information.

Question 7

Shamus grew up in an impoverished neighbourhood with a lot of crime and poor educational opportunities. Because everyone fought over the few available resources, sometimes the only way to stay alive was to fight or steal. Shamus wants to go to college so he can build a better life for himself. When he begins taking classes, he's stunned by how little in the way of "street smarts" his classmates have. They might get better grades than he does, he thinks, but they wouldn't survive a week in the environment in which he grew up. About what kind of intellectual competence is Shamus thinking?

A) analytical intelligence
B) creative intelligence
C) practical intelligence
D) metacomponents

Question 8

Mr. Gannon tells his class that he is going to give them an intelligence test. The test, he says, is only a page long and will accurately tell him whether or not each student has a high IQ. When Moira receives her copy of the test, she sees that the questions include items like "Mr. Gannon is the best teacher I've ever had" and "I tell my parents what a good job Mr. Gannon does when he is teaching me." Clearly, Moira thinks, this test has little

A) internal consistency.
B) crystallized intelligence.
C) construct validity.
D) criterion-related validity.

Question 9

If you chart the IQ scores of every living Canadian, the statistical distribution will look like a

A) normal distribution or bell curve, with most scores clustering around the middle.
B) bimodal distribution, with most scores falling at the higher and lower ends.
C) skewed distribution, with most scores falling at the higher end.
D) flat distribution, with an equal number of people having each level of intelligence.

Question 10

Tatum is taking a class on intelligence, in which she learns that her generation is smarter than her parents' generation, who are smarter than their own parents. This progressive increase in intelligence scores is called the

A) Barnum effect.
B) Flynn effect.
C) criterion effect.
D) hindsight bias.

Question 11

When Janine takes the personality test in the latest issue of Appeal magazine, her scores suggest that she is kind, generous, and caring. When she retakes the test later that week with several friends, her scores suggest she is self-centered, vain, and competitive. Janine's wildly different scores suggest a significant

A) test-retest reliability.
B) criterion validity.
C) amount of internal consistency.
D) lack of test-retest reliability.

Question 12

The concept of g makes sense to Xavier, but he also likes Thurstone's idea that there are specific mental abilities, and Cattell and Horn's idea that g can be broken down into smaller factors. Xavier decides that intelligence must be hierarchical, with general abilities at the top, broad categories in the middle, and specific abilities at the bottom. Xavier would probably prefer

A) John Mayer and Peter Salovey's emotional intelligence theory.
B) Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence.
C) Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences theory.
D) John B. Carroll's three-level theory of intelligence.

Question 13

Martin is a very successful trial attorney. He rarely loses a case, because he is so good at convincing the jury to see them from his point of view. He is also active in his community and makes speeches to various groups to persuade them to support the causes in which he believes. His friends joke that he can charm anyone with his silver tongue and that he should run for political office. Martin probably has

A) linguistic intelligence.
B) logical-mathematical intelligence.
C) bodily-kinesthetic intelligence.
D) naturalistic intelligence.

Question 14

Dr. Tavorian is developing a new intelligence theory. He believes that intelligence consists of several different facets, but he doesn't know how many. He gives his subjects a variety of tests that measure different mental skills. To figure out which tests are tapping the same aspects of intelligence, he should use

A) the WAIS-III.
B) a positive matrix.
C) the g factor.
D) the multiple-factor analysis.

Question 15

Alfred Binet was commissioned to develop the first true intelligence test. The test was intended to be used to

A) identify schoolchildren who would need remedial help as early as possible.
B) predict which soldiers would make the best officers in the military.
C) predict which children would grow up to be great artists, musicians, and writers.
D) help the Nazis promote their best soldiers.

Question 16

Spence just received his IQ report, and his Full-Scale IQ is 110. The tester tells him that his score must be considered in context; that is, his IQ is a comparison of his score to the scores of

A) people of all ages in Canada.
B) everyone in North America over the past 100 years.
C) the scores of people in all countries and of all ages.
D) all his peers (people who are about the same age).

Question 17

One theorist argues against a single g factor and suggests that we focus instead on the abilities that are most adaptive in the culture being observed, whether they are book smarts, musical smarts, or sports smarts. In other words, this concept of intelligence includes not only mental competencies but also adaptive abilities. This theory is called

A) the emotional intelligence theory.
B) the triarchic theory of intelligence.
C) Gardner's multiple intelligences theory.
D) the three-stratum theory of cognitive abilities.

Question 18

Kahlil has never felt that he is particularly smart. He doesn't "get" things as quickly as other people do, and he has to work hard for his good grades. However, because he is determined to be the first in his family to complete college and land a good job, he is willing to put in the extra time and practice. When he graduates from college, he chooses a career that allows him to apply all of his carefully memorized facts and theories. In other words, Kahlil is relying on his

A) crystallized intelligence.
B) fluid intelligence.
C) emotional intelligence.
D) naturalistic intelligence.

Question 19

Rashais considered quick and clever by those around her. She is usually the first to see a solution when faced with a novel problem, and her ideas tend to be unusual and creative. Rasha probably has high

A) crystallized intelligence.
B) fluid intelligence.
C) emotional intelligence.
D) naturalistic intelligence.

Question 20

One cognitive-processing theorist suggests that researchers should examine not only the processes involved in intelligent behaviour but also the forms intelligence can take. The theory refers to people who emphasize framing problems and developing strategies as intelligent because they are adept at adaptive problem solving, This approach is called

A) the emotional intelligence theory.
B) the triarchic theory of intelligence.
C) the multiple intelligences theory.
D) the three-stratum theory of cognitive abilities.

Question 21

Dr. Stuart tells his students that academic success does not guarantee success in life. In fact, according to Sternberg's theory, there are three types of intelligence and schools tend to focus on the _______________ type and ignore the other two.

A) practical
B) analytical
C) crystallized
D) creative

Question 22

Though the top 1 percent of children may be classified as intellectually gifted, only a small percentage will attain true eminence later in life. The three interacting factors that are thought to produce eminence are

A) general intelligence and specific abilities in one's chosen area, the ability to develop and apply creative approaches and solutions, and motivation and dedication.
B) extraordinary interpersonal intelligence, a variety of skills that fall into the category of bodily-kinesthetic intelligence, and a commitment to linguistic excellence.
C) a marked eccentricity in appearance and thought, general intelligence, and unusual physical attractiveness.
D) fluid intelligence, physical beauty, and lots of money.

Question 23

Serpelland others have found that people in some African communities--especially where Western schooling has not yet become common--tend to blur the Western distinction between intelligence and social competence. In rural Zambia, for instance, the concept of nzelu includes both cleverness (chenjela) and responsibility (tumikila). This means that when rural parents in Africa talk about intelligence they prefer

A) to separate the cognitive aspect of intelligence from the social responsibility aspect.
B) not to separate the cognitive speed aspect of intelligence from the social responsibility aspect.
C) to talk about the cognitive aspect of intelligence.
D) to talk about the social responsibility aspect of intelligence.

Question 24

Many IQ tests are strongly English oriented. Drew is a Francophone so English is not his native tongue. This

A) strongly disables him from getting high scores on an IQ test that is strongly English based.
B) will not change his score.
C) indicates the he has high practical intelligence.
D) does not tell you anything about how Drew will do.

Question 25

India was adopted soon after she was born. Since she has been taking a class on intelligence, she wonders aloud if her IQ is more similar to her adoptive parents' or her birth parents'. You can tell her that she is most likely to have an IQ that is similar to

A) her adoptive parents'.
B) her birth parents'.
C) the score she would get if she split the difference between her biological and adoptive parents' IQs.
D) We can't determine based on this information.

Question 26

Identical twins raised in the same homes have IQs correlated at about .86. Identical twins raised apart have IQs correlated at about .75. Unrelated adopted children raised in the same home have IQs correlated at about .32. Based on this information and research on the heritability of intelligence, we can say that ___________________ of the population variability in intelligence can be attributed to the environment.

A) just under half
B) half
C) most
D) very little

Question 27

Clint recently began school and he is having trouble with reading, writing, memory, and mathematical computation. He isn't very good at reasoning, planning, and evaluating feedback from others, and he needs others to help him solve problems. His family has him tested for mental disabilities, and the school psychologist reports that Clint's IQ is 61. This means that Clint is

A) gifted, but not applying himself adequately.
B) struggling with a learning disability. If accommodations are made for the disability, his IQ will rise to around 100.
C) mildly cognitively challenged, developmentally disabled, or mentally retarded.
D) severely mentally retarded.

Question 28

In 1970, Spencer Silver was trying to formulate a strong adhesive for the 3M Company, and one of his failed attempts resulted in an extremely weak adhesive. Four years later, frustrated by how often his markers fell out of his church hymnal, Arthur Fry coated them with the adhesive. The markers stayed in place but could be peeled out of the book without damaging the pages. Post-it Notes are now one of the top five-selling office products. If Silver and Fry had just thrown the adhesive out because it hadn't done what it was supposed to, they would have been demonstrating

A) functional fixedness.
B) divergent thinking.
C) the confirmation bias.
D) the availability heuristic.

Question 29

In 1965, Fred Smith wrote a management class paper proposing reliable overnight delivery service. His professor gave him a C, because "the concept is interesting and well-formed, but in order to earn better than a C, [it] must be feasible." Smith ignored his professor's statement and founded Federal Express (FedEx), a company that is now worth more than $3 billion. Smith's professor wanted him to stick to business solutions that were proven, not come up with something "outside the box." In other words, Smith's professor was relying on a/an

A) mental set.
B) deductive approach.
C) inductive approach.
D) litmus test.

Question 30

Jake has an MRI done to rule out the possibility that his migraines are being caused by abnormal growths. None appear, but the doctor tells Jake that he has an unusually large brain for a man his size and age. Jake brags to all his friends about his large brain, thinking that this is proof that he is highly intelligent. Unfortunately for Jake, the truth is that

A) Einstein's brain was smaller than average, which has led scientists to believe that the smaller one's brain is, the smarter he is likely to be.
B) brain size is correlated with intelligence only in women.
C) correlations between brain size and intelligence are weak, so brain efficiency is more important to the question of intelligence.
D) migraines are highly correlated with increased brain size; experts think these headaches may be due to the fact that the brain is squeezed too tightly into the skull.

Question 31

In 1970, Spencer Silver was trying to formulate a strong adhesive for the 3M Company, and one of his failed attempts resulted in an extremely weak adhesive. Four years later, frustrated by how often his markers fell out of his church hymnal, Arthur Fry coated them with Silver's adhesive. The markers stayed in place but could be peeled out of the book without damaging the pages. Post-it Notes are now one of the top five-selling office products in the United States. Fry's novel approach is a good example of

A) functional fixedness.
B) divergent thinking.
C) the confirmation bias.
D) the availability heuristic.