Deck 10: Intelligence, Problem Solving, and Creativity

Question 1

When Kyoko looks back on her life, she feels she has contributed a great deal. She was a successful attorney for many years, has two grown children who visit her regularly, and though her husband has passed away, she had a very good relationship with him. Kyoko is most likely to be in the ____________ stage of life.

A) intimacy versus isolation
B) integrity versus despair
C) knowledge versus wisdom
D) crystallized versus fluid

Answer 1

integrity versus despair

Question 2

Five-year-old Esperanza knows that she is not supposed to take anything off the kitchen counter unless her mother gives her permission, but she can't resist the fresh cookies while mother is out of the room. When mother returns to the kitchen, she looks at the cookies, looks at Esperanza, and asks if Esperanza took a cookie. Aware that her mother will not be happy if she says yes, Esperanza says no, she didn't take a cookie. Esperanza's ability to understand that her mother thinks about things differently than she does is called the theory of

A) proximal development.
B) Vygotsky.
C) egocentrism.
D) mind.

Answer 2

mind.

Question 3

The filial _______________ of birds was a primary technique used in the fact-based movie drama "Fly Away Home." Orphaned Canada Geese were trained to follow their normal migration route by the Canadian ultra-light enthusiast Bill Lishman.

A) imprinting
B) habituation
C) discrimination
D) preoperations

Answer 3

imprinting

Question 4

Ryan's family has a beagle, so when he sees any small, four-legged furry creature he says "doggie." Grandmother and Ryan go for a walk in the park and pass a collie. Ryan says "Grandma, doggie," and Grandmother says, "Yes, that is a doggie." Ryan adds the collie's appearance to his understanding of "doggie." In other words, he __________________ the concept.

A) schemes
B) assimilates
C) accommodates
D) consolidates

Question 5

Twelve-year-old Cedrick's English teacher often chooses spelling words that can be rearranged to make new words. Cedrick enjoys the challenge of anagrams and puzzles, and because he has always enjoyed science fiction comic books he has recently begun making up his own stories. Cedrick is in Piaget's

A) sensorimotor stage.
B) preoperational stage.
C) concrete operational stage.
D) formal operational stage.

Question 6

Interested in learning how a woman's intelligence quotient affects her marital prospects, researchers gave intelligence tests to a sample of 11-year-old girls, then retested them and asked about their relationship status several times over the next 40 years. This type of study has a _______________ design.

A) cross-sectional
B) critical
C) longitudinal
D) cohort

Question 7

Eliskais nine months old. One of her favourite games is peek-a-boo, and recently she has begun to pry at her mother's fingers when mother covers her face. Eliska has developed _______________, the understanding that mother is still behind her hands even when Eliska can't see her.

A) sensory operations
B) concrete operations
C) conservation
D) object permanence

Question 8

Interested in learning how a man's financial standing affects his marital prospects, researchers compared five groups of men, each set ten years older than the previous one. This is called a ______________ design.

A) cross-sectional
B) critical
C) longitudinal
D) cohort

Question 9

Inan old Tom and Jerry cartoon, a woodpecker egg rolls into Jerry's home and hatches. Because Jerry is the first animal the woodpecker sees, it yells "Mama!" and flings itself into Jerry's arms. As Jerry and the little woodpecker spend more time together, they form a true emotional bond called

A) autonomy.
B) attachment.
C) discrimination.
D) habituation.

Question 10

Jim and Laurie are expecting their first child. It is approximately fifth week after conception. The organ systems of their baby are differentiating at greatly varying rates. For example, the circulatory system is almost functional. Which stage of prenatal development is their child in?

A) Germinal stage
B) Zygote stage
C) Embryonic stage
D) Fetal stage

Question 11

Zofia'sdermatologist has recommended a drug called Accutane for her acne. Accutane has potentially serious detrimental effects on a fetus, so Zofia is required to have a pregnancy test both before she begins treatment and every month that she takes the medication. In this situation, Accutane would act as a(n) ________________ on an unborn child.

A) proximodistal
B) teratogen
C) cephalocaudal
D) androgen

Question 12

Georgina has a double stroller for her 11-month-old fraternal twins. She has noticed that when someone stops to admire the children, Jonah smiles and laughs if the stranger talks to him, whereas Irene is more likely to look up at her mother with an uncertain expression. If the stranger talks to Irene, she ducks her head and sometimes even covers her eyes with her hands. Since Georgina has treated both of her children the same way, she knows that Jonah and Irene have different

A) information processing speeds.
B) habituation criteria.
C) temperaments.
D) information-search strategies.

Question 13

Ryan's family has a beagle, so when he sees any small, four-legged furry creature he says "doggie." Grandmother and Ryan go for a walk in the park and pass a cat. Ryan says "Grandma, doggie," and Grandmother says, "No, that animal is a cat." Understanding that "doggie" and "cat" are not the same thing, Ryan creates a new mental category for, or _______________, the idea of "cat."

A) schemes
B) assimilates
C) accommodates
D) consolidates

Question 14

Jaeden thinks the speed limit is lower than it should be and doesn't feel bad when he drives faster than the posted limit. He owns a radar detector so he can slow down if the police are ticketing, because although he doesn't think he's doing anything wrong, he doesn't want to be ticketed. On the issue of speeding, Jaeden is reasoning at the _______________ level.

A) preconventional
B) conventional
C) postconventional
D) social contract

Question 15

Seventy-year-old Mikayla is a retired police officer. She enjoys travelling with her husband, walking her dog, and reading newspapers to stay current with world events. Occasionally she acts as a guest speaker at a local police academy, and she recently began taking a class on English literature, a topic that has always interested her. People often ask her how she has managed to stay so healthy and active when others her age are experiencing mental and physical decline. She can tell them that

A) she is fortunate to have inherited good genes, since cognitive decline is very highly correlated with genetics.
B) people whose spouses are still alive invariably function at a higher level than those who are widows or widowers.
C) people who have good relationships with animals tend to have better overall intellectual health, particularly as they age.
D) she has kept her mind and body active because she knows she has to "use it or lose it."

Question 16

Several medical studies have established a link between television watching and obesity, due not only to the inactivity and the snacking that often goes with it, but also to the incitement to consume sugar sweetened foods and soft drinks." (Dagnaud, 2003). Another researcher wants to know whether 10-year-olds, 12-year-olds, or 14-year-olds are most likely to respond to a new advertising approach for Fruit Loops cereal. Which of the following research designs will provide the most useful results?

A) Sequential
B) Cross-sectional
C) Longitudinal
D) Pretest-posttest experimental

Question 17

At 70 years of age Zaire is happily retired and enjoys spending time painting, boating, and being with his wife, grown children, and grandchildren. He is concerned about his health, because several times over the past few months he has been unable to complete certain mundane tasks without assistance. He has periods of confusion and is having more trouble creating paintings that convey what he wants them to. He is aware that his memory is impaired, because his grandchildren often tell him they played some game he doesn't remember. Zaire is probably developing

A) amnesia.
B) a psychosis.
C) crystallized dysfunction.
D) dementia.

Question 18

Ryan's family has a beagle, so when he sees any small, four-legged furry creature he says "doggie." The pattern of thought that provides Ryan with a concept with which to compare his understanding of "doggie" is called

A) a schema.
B) assimilation.
C) accommodation.
D) object permanence.

Question 19

Touch is by far the most interesting and necessary of the "five senses". Any movement requires an acute awareness of one's body, which is gained through proprioception, an internal form of tactile sense. The sense of touch develops before all other senses in embryos, and is the main way in which infants learn about their environment and bond with other people. Interestingly, positive touch from others is

A) not needed for a child's healthy development.
B) less important to a child's development than making sure they eat the proper amount.
C) necessary for an child's healthy development.
D) less important than hearing for healthy development of a child.

Question 20

Seven-year-old Jerusha is always upset when her older brother is given two slices of pizza but she gets only one. Until recently, Jerusha's mother could make her happy by cutting her pizza slice in half so that she now had two, but Jerusha has come to realize that cutting one slice in half isn't the same as getting two slices that are each the size of her brother's. Jerusha now understands

A) sensory operations.
B) concrete operations.
C) conservation.
D) object permanence.

Question 21

Understanding the neural basis of memory has fostered techniques and programs to help adults adjust to normal age-related changes. The greatest gains come from combining memory skill training with cognitive restructuring - in other words, accepting normal age-related changes and actively compensating for them. Most individuals start seeing changes in their information processing during

A) late adulthood
B) early adulthood
C) middle adulthood
D) adolescence

Question 22

As an elder among the Intuit, Acadia is treated with great respect for her knowledge about human nature and relationships, her appreciation of different people's values, her understanding of lifespan contexts, and her ability to deal with uncertainty. Acadia has what researchers refer to as

A) intelligence.
B) expertise.
C) mental rotation.
D) wisdom.

Question 23

As a newborn, Mindy was fine when her parents went out and left her with a babysitter. As she approaches 9 months of age, however, she has begun to cry when her parents leave. Though the sitter assures them that Mindy quiets down after they are gone, the separation process itself always involves tears. With regard to a developmental timetable, Mindy's behaviour is occurring

A) fairly late; most infants begin to fear separation around two to three months of age, because they have not yet developed adequate schemas for strangers versus nonstrangers.
B) right on time; this is the age at which a child has developed a strong attachment to the primary caregiver(s).
C) extremely late; normally, separation anxiety occurs immediately after birth, since infants become attached to the mother in utero.
D) extremely early; most children do not show any distress at separation until at least age five.

Question 24

Andrew is 23 years old. He is finishing up his degree and preparing to move out of residence and into his first home. Andrew is in the _______ stage of development.

A) adolescent
B) late adulthood
C) early adulthood
D) preoperational