Deck 13: Physical and Cognitive Developmentin Early Adulthood

Question 1

What is the most powerful factor that interacts with age to influence patterns of secondary aging?

A)Gender
B)Personal happiness
C)Social class
D)Life satisfaction

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Diana kept failing her exams even though she found that she knew all the correct answers when she went back and checked to see what she missed.Her teacher suggested that she needs to slow down and read each choice before she makes a selection.Diana started to do much better on her exams.Her ability to resist writing down the first answer she thought of is what your text refers to as

A)choice-regulation.
B)response inhibition.
C)prudence.
D)wisdom.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which part of the brain regulates emotional responses?

A)Thalamus
B)Cerebral cortex
C)Limbic system
D)Hypothalamus

Answer 3

C

Question 4

In adulthood,when maximum oxygen uptake is measured at rest,what is the usual age-based pattern? When maximum oxygen uptake is measured during exercise,what is the typical age-based pattern?

A)There are equal declines when measured at rest and during exercise.
B)There are greater declines when measured at rest versus during exercise.
C)There are greater declines when measured during exercise versus at rest.
D)There are no declines when measured at rest or during exercise.

Question 5

Researchers have identified two different types of aging.What are they?

A)Aerobic and anaerobic
B)Primary and secondary
C)Individual and cohort comparative
D)Decline and compensation

Question 6

Sports injuries trend upwards when people are in their ____ and _____.

A)20s;30s
B)30s;40s
C)40s;50s
D)50s;60s

Question 7

Which of the following is the most common measure of overall aerobic fitness of the heart and lungs?

A)VCO2 max
B)Systolic blood pressure
C)Maximum oxygen uptake
D)Carbon dioxide production

Question 8

Which two specific changes occur in the immune system beginning in adolescence?

A)Decrease in red blood cell production and white cell production
B)Shrinking of the thyroid gland and decrease in thyroxine
C)Shrinking of the thymus gland and production of immature T cells
D)Gradual loss of gray matter and an increase in white blood cells

Question 9

What is the term that researchers use to describe the basic,underlying,inevitable processes of physical change that affect all human beings?

A)Life dissatisfaction
B)Primary aging
C)Secondary aging
D)Core aging

Question 10

What is the noticeable effect among adults experiencing age-based systematic decreases in maximum oxygen uptake?

A)Immune system functioning is less efficient.
B)There is a loss of bone mineral and an increase in the wear and tear of the joints.
C)Tissues in all parts of the body become more elastic and flexible.
D)There is a general loss of strength and speed.

Question 11

Which of the following best summarizes the differences between men's and women's brains in young adulthood?

A)The sex differences that were seen in childhood and adolescence become less pronounced in young adulthood.
B)The corpus callosum develops faster in young men than in young women.
C)The amount,distribution,and ratio of gray matter to white matter differs considerably between men and women in young adulthood.
D)The distribution of glial cells is markedly different between young men and young women.

Question 12

According to developmentalists,which of the following most strongly influences length of life expectancy,quality of health,and incidence of chronic illness among adults?

A)Marital status
B)Religiosity or spirituality
C)Personal happiness
D)Social class

Question 13

The basic underlying,inevitable aging process called senescence is also known as ____________.

A)basic aging
B)primary aging
C)secondary aging
D)tertiary aging

Question 14

Which of the following lifestyle or behavioral changes is most likely to moderate the effects of primary aging on the body?

A)Decreasing intense exercise
B)Stopping smoking
C)Attending religious services
D)Reducing supplemental calcium in the diet

Question 15

When people think of the brain,they think of gray matter.Which of the following is the best definition of white matter?

A)The collection of myelinated axons that connect one neuron to another
B)The collection of cell bodies and axon terminals
C)Collectively,the occipital and frontal lobes of the brain
D)The glial cells of the frontal lobes and limbic system

Question 16

Which part of the brain is responsible for controlling the limbic system to provide response inhibition?

A)Frontal lobes
B)Temporal lobes
C)Hippocampus
D)Hypothalamus

Question 17

Compared to older adults,adults in their 20s and 30s have __________________.

A)less muscle tissue
B)less bone calcium
C)more intelligence
D)more oxygen capacity

Question 18

What type of aging involves the age-related changes that are due to environmental influences,poor health habits,or disease?

A)Senescence
B)Compensatory decline
C)Intellectual aging
D)Secondary aging

Question 19

Osteoporosis,or loss of calcium in the bones,is typically first seen in women in their _______.

A)20s
B)30s
C)40s
D)50s

Question 20

Neuropsychologists believe that the brain development of early adulthood leads to increased capacities for which of the following?

A)Sexual expression;procreation
B)Abstract reasoning;response inhibition
C)Intelligence;emotional expression
D)Egocentrism;perception-bound reasoning

Question 21

Which of the following are key components of the human immune system?

A)The liver and kidneys
B)The thymus gland and the bone marrow
C)Neurotransmitters and hormones
D)The pancreas and the liver

Question 22

Locus of control is best defined by which of the following?

A)An individual's beliefs about the causes of events
B)An individual's levels of optimism and pessimism
C)An individual's self-concept
D)An individual's ability to make something happen

Question 23

Among which age group in the United States are STDs most common?

A)12-14-year olds
B)14-16-year olds
C)15-24-year olds
D)20-25-year olds

Question 24

When does a woman's fertility begin to decline?

A)In her early 20s
B)In her mid-20s
C)In her early 30s
D)In her early 40s

Question 25

Zach has a rare form of cancer.This may be,in part,due to which of the following?

A)Insufficient numbers of T cells
B)Insufficient numbers of B cells
C)Loss of bone marrow
D)Loss of antibodies

Question 26

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the impact of social support upon the health of adults?

A)In a study of adults ranging in age from 30 to 69,those with the fewest social connections in their social networks had lower death rates than those with more social connections.
B)A large social network can increase the risk of disease.
C)The positive link between social contact and physical health is limited to Western culture and does not exist in non-Western societies.
D)A study of depression among women found that social support buffered the negative effects of stress.

Question 27

Mary is exposed to a virus when she touches a telephone recently touched by someone who has a cold.Which feature of Mary's immune system will protect her?

A)Thymus cells
B)Red blood cells
C)T cells
D)B cells

Question 28

People are most likely to be happy and healthy when which of the following circumstances exists in their lives?

A)When they are born into wealthy families and never have to face the economic stresses of life
B)When they have a realistic understanding of what they can and cannot control in their life
C)When they have an external locus of control combined with optimism
D)When they resign themselves to the fact that they really don't have any control over what happens to them

Question 29

Which of the following terms is used to describe an individual's belief in her capacity to cause an intended event to occur,or to perform a task successfully?

A)Self-expression
B)Self-efficacy
C)Self-esteem
D)Self-worth

Question 30

In the Alameda study,which of the following was defined as part of the social network index?

A)Age
B)Gender
C)Religious beliefs
D)Group membership

Question 31

Why do adults become more susceptible to disease as they age?

A)Fewer antibodies are produced and T cells become less efficient.
B)More B cells and T cells are produced than can be absorbed by the bone marrow and the thymus gland.
C)The thymus gland and the bone marrow produce antibodies that attack normal body cells.
D)The thymus gland becomes excessively large and interferes with the production of B cells.

Question 32

Which of the following conditions is the result of another sexually transmitted disease and can prevent conception in women?

A)HIV
B)Human papilloma virus
C)Mononucleosis
D)Pelvic inflammatory disease

Question 33

Which of the following statements regarding gonorrhea is correct?

A)Men are more likely to become infertile from it than are women.
B)It is becoming easier to treat.
C)It is caused by bacteria.
D)Men are more likely to contract the disease.

Question 34

Marcus has a flat tire on the way to work.He curses and says,"This always happens to me!" Marcus has known for several months that he needs to buy new tires for his car.This is an example of which of the following?

A)Self-efficacy
B)Self-denial
C)An external locus of control
D)An internal locus of control

Question 35

Which of the following occurs in approximately 29% of IVF pregnancies?

A)They have triplets.
B)They have twins.
C)They have children born with birth defects.
D)They fail to carry the pregnancy to delivery.

Question 36

Which of the following is unlikely to affect your longevity?

A)Drinking alcohol
B)Snacking
C)Sleeping
D)Exercising

Question 37

Which of the following best illustrates Seligman's view of optimism?

A)Jenny is a pleasant,sunny person who always has a smile and a warm greeting for everyone she meets.
B)Ivana believes she will do well in college because she has a high IQ and had an excellent college preparation program in high school.
C)When Keisha goes to the race track,she bets on gray horses because she had a gray pony when she was a child.
D)Although six banks rejected Will's application for a loan to start a computer software company,he persisted in his efforts to convince people that his computer operating system would revolutionize personal computing.

Question 38

ART stands for which of the following?

A)Assisted retirement technologies
B)Assisted reproductive techniques
C)Actual retirement transition
D)Available reproductive technology

Question 39

Which of the following best describes changes in reproductive functioning as men and women age?

A)Reproductive ability declines equally in men and women as they age.
B)A woman produces fewer eggs as she ages and men produce fewer sperm as they age.
C)A woman will produce fewer eggs as she ages,but men typically do not show a decline in sperm production as they age.
D)Lower sperm counts in men are almost always related to a disease state,while in women the inability to reproduce is almost always age-related.

Question 40

Georgia is the Clinical Director of a community counseling center.She wanted to develop a program to help students deal with the stress in their lives,thereby improving their overall health.Which of the following would be an important component of the program to buffer the effects of stress?

A)Information about health and fitness
B)A support group
C)Academic advisors
D)Problem solving skills

Question 41

Why is it difficult to accurately determine the level of partner abuse in same-sex couples?

A)Because most same-sex couples are lesbians and women are rarely the perpetrators of abuse
B)Because homosexuals may be less likely to seek medical attention for their injuries because of fear of discrimination
C)Because the CDC and WHO do not track statistics on same-sex partner abuse
D)Because violence rarely happens in same-sex couples

Question 42

Surveys indicate that in the United States,_____ out of every 1,000 women are injured by a partner each year.

A)2
B)30
C)12
D)6

Question 43

For which of the viral STDs has an effective vaccine been developed?

A)HIV
B)Herpes
C)Chlamydia
D)HPV

Question 44

Most of the sexual violence in the United States takes place in which of the following contexts?

A)Between homosexual men
B)Stalking of the victim by an unknown person
C)Social or romantic relationships
D)A nonpremeditated attack by a stranger

Question 45

Which of the following is an episode of partner abuse that involves the use of physical coercion to force a person to engage in a sexual act against his or her will?

A)Intimate partner abuse
B)Assault
C)Sexual violence
D)Battery

Question 46

Which of the following is a bacterial STD?

A)Chlamydia
B)Herpes
C)HPV
D)HIV

Question 47

Which of the following is true of the perpetrators of spousal homicide approximately 50% of the time?

A)They dropped out of high school.
B)They had been using alcohol or drugs.
C)They had been experiencing high levels of stress.
D)They were mentally ill.

Question 48

According to the World Health Organization,which country has the lowest rate of physical abuse among women?

A)Switzerland
B)United States
C)Canada
D)Mexico

Question 49

Which of the following STDs can lead to serious mental disorders and death if not treated?

A)Chlamydia
B)HPV
C)Gonorrhea
D)Syphilis

Question 50

Which of the following causes genital warts?

A)Human papilloma virus
B)Human immunodeficiency virus
C)Human papistule virus
D)Herpes virus

Question 51

Gregory experiences irrational fear when he is in high places,such as an elevator or on a bridge.Most likely,Gregory is suffering from which of the following?

A)Bi-polar disorder
B)A phobia
C)A mood disorder
D)Depression

Question 52

What is the most commonly occurring bacterial STD in the United States?

A)Gonorrhea
B)Syphilis
C)Chlamydia
D)HPV

Question 53

Which of the following is a factor considered to contribute to partner abuse?

A)Gender-role beliefs that men are equivalent to women
B)Laws that define women as property
C)Partner differences,such as differences in ethnicity or differences in IQ
D)Education on similarities and differences between the sexes

Question 54

Which of the following groups is most likely to be a victim of partner abuse?

A)Women 16 to 24 years of age
B)Women 25 to 35 years of age
C)Women 35 to 40 years of age
D)Women 40 to 50 years of age

Question 55

What is the most common mental disorder affecting young adults?

A)Schizophrenia
B)Dementia
C)Anxiety disorders
D)Personality disorders

Question 56

Based on your textbook,which of the following approaches is unlikely to help prevent intimate partner abuse?

A)Vigorous law enforcement
B)Teaching hospital emergency room personnel to recognize the signs of abuse
C)Provide the victims with means to protect themselves,such as weapons
D)Provide victims with problem-solving skills and temporary shelters

Question 57

Which of the following U.S.ethnic groups has the lowest rates of physical abuse by an intimate partner?

A)African Americans
B)Hispanic Americans
C)Caucasians
D)Asian Americans

Question 58

According to the World Health Organization,which country has the highest rate of physical abuse among women?

A)Switzerland
B)United States
C)Bangladesh
D)Nicaragua

Question 59

Which of the following is a factor that increases susceptibility to infection with sexually transmitted diseases?

A)Discussing one's sexual boundaries with one's partner
B)Multiple sex partners
C)Discussion of sexually transmitted diseases in high school
D)Abstinence from use of drugs or alcohol

Question 60

In which of the following groups is the rate of syphilis increasing?

A)African-Americans of both sexes
B)Homosexual men
C)White Americans of both sexes
D)African-American men

Question 61

Which of the following is associated with binge drinking?

A)Fewer negative interactions with police
B)More frequent protected sex
C)Driving while intoxicated
D)Mental illness

Question 62

Which type of personality disorder is characterized by difficulty forming emotional attachments,lack of empathy,and little regard for the rights of others?

A)Antisocial personality disorder
B)Borderline personality disorder
C)Histrionic personality disorder
D)Narcissistic personality disorder

Question 63

Marta behaves dramatically,always attracting attention with her sexualized manner and style of dress.If you had to label her with a personality disorder,which of the five discussed in this chapter would you suspect she best fits?

A)Narcissistic
B)Histrionic
C)Borderline
D)Antisocial

Question 64

Which of the following drugs is categorized as a stimulant?

A)Alcohol
B)Barbiturates
C)Cocaine
D)Tranquilizers

Question 65

What type of thinking would a young adult use to make decisions about ambiguous problems that may have multiple solutions?

A)Contextual validity
B)Crystallized intelligence
C)Dialectical thought
D)Fluid intelligence

Question 66

Which of the following is a mental disorder that is characterized by an inflexible pattern of behavior that eventually leads to difficulty in several areas of functioning,such as social or vocational?

A)Mood disorder with mixed emotional features
B)Anxiety disorder
C)Mood disorder
D)Personality disorder

Question 67

Which mental disorder is characterized by disturbances of thought,such as delusions and hallucinations?

A)Anxiety disorder
B)Mood disorder
C)Paranoid personality disorder
D)Schizophrenia

Question 68

Larry thinks he is the center of the universe.He hates waiting in lines,insisting that his time is way too important for such trivial matters.While he easily exploits other people for his own personal gain,he also wants everyone to think he is as great as he thinks he is.Recently,when his wife's aged mother died,he was secretly a little annoyed at the timing,as it interfered with his vacation.Which of the personality disorders mentioned in your text does Larry best fit?

A)Narcissistic
B)Histrionic
C)Antisocial
D)Paranoid

Question 69

Women's college graduation rates are higher than men's likely because

A)they are more likely than men to enroll full-time.
B)they take fewer courses than men do.
C)they choose majors than are much less challenging than those men choose.
D)they spend twice as much time studying as men do.

Question 70

Marcy is known for her strong critical thinking skills.She is able to look at a problem from many sides and identify the underlying assumptions of the different perspectives.Marcy's thinking represents which of the following?

A)Reflective judgment
B)Dialectical thought
C)Formal operational thought
D)Relativism

Question 71

What is the name of the "fifth stage of cognitive development" that many theorists believe applies to young adulthood?

A)Formal operational thought
B)Postformal thought
C)Postcognitive thought
D)Postrelative thinking

Question 72

Changes in the heart and lungs that take place in young adulthood are likely not to be noticeable except during ________.

Question 73

Regarding immune function: immature T cells are made in the ________ and they mature in the ________.

Question 74

Surveys of smokers show that about ________% of them want to quit.

Question 75

Susan uses cocaine on a regular basis.She's finding that she has to use more and more cocaine to get the high that she wants.What is the term that describes this phenomenon?

A)Tolerance
B)Withdrawal
C)Psychological addiction
D)Drug dependence

Question 76

In the Alameda study on health and aging,only ________ and ________ were found to be unrelated to mortality.

Question 77

Which of the following is the most commonly used legal depressant,which has a propensity to addiction?

A)Alcohol
B)Marijuana
C)Nicotine
D)Caffeine

Question 78

Which of the following would you utilize as you quickly and accurately work a crossword puzzle?

A)Crystallized intelligence
B)Dialectical thought
C)Encoding skills
D)Fluid intelligence

Question 79

Response inhibition depends on the ability of the ________ of the brain to regulate the limbic system.

Question 80

Loss and graying of hair,decreased visual acuity,and changes in memory are all part of ________ aging.