Deck 5: Ethical Decision Making

Question 1

Multiple elements work on individuals to affect their behavior.While an individual may intend to do the right thing, can alter this intent.

A)cognitive dissonance
B)familial expectations
C)religious beliefs
D)the desire for financial gain
E)organizational or social forces

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Which of the following is not an issue that helps in business ethics evaluations and decisions?

A)Ethical issue intensity
B)Individual factors
C)Organizational factors
D)Personal guilt
E)Opportunity

Answer 2

D

Question 3

If management fails to identify and educate employees about ethical problem areas,ethical issues may not reach the critical

A)awareness level.
B)aptitude level.
C)ethical level.
D)organizational level.
E)individual level.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Following the ethical directives of a superior relates to

A)an internal locus of control.
B)obedience to authority.
C)moral intensity.
D)gender.
E)ethical issue intensity.

Question 5

Which of the following is not an individual factor that affects business ethics?

A)Nationality
B)Age
C)Religion
D)Significant others
E)Education

Question 6

is the first sign that an unethical decision has occurred.

A)Guilt
B)Reward
C)Punishment
D)Cognitive dissonance
E)Happiness

Question 7

Which of the following is the first step in the ethical decision making process?

A)Being socialized into the firm's corporate culture
B)Applying a personal moral philosophy in order to individualize the ethical decision making process
C)Recognizing that an issue requires an individual or work group to make a choice that ultimately will be judged by stakeholders as right or wrong
D)Soliciting the opinions of others in a work group or in the overall business in order to gain feedback
E)Enforcing the firm's ethical standards with rewards and punishment

Question 8

Which of the following is not one of the six "spheres of influence" to which individuals are subject when confronted with an ethical issue?

A)Educational attainment
B)Workplace
C)Family
D)Legal system
E)Community

Question 9

Which of the following is not considered a significant other group in the workplace?

A)Peers
B)Managers
C)Spouses
D)Coworkers
E)Subordinates

Question 10

Which of the following would not be considered a negative reinforcement of employee behavior?

A)Demotions
B)Firings
C)Ignoring the behavior
D)Reprimands
E)Pay penalties

Question 11

Those who have influence in a work group are referred to as significant others and include

A)peers,managers,coworkers,and subordinates.
B)family members,peers,and coworkers.
C)spouses and friends.
D)employees in similar job situations.
E)employees who hold the same job.

Question 12

External and internal rewards relate to which part of the ethical decision-making framework?

A)Individual factors
B)Significant others
C)Cognitive moral development
D)Obedience to authority
E)Opportunity

Question 13

Research concerning nationality and the ability to make ethical decisions

A)shows no relationship between the two.
B)is hard to interpret in a business context because of cultural differences.
C)suggests that organizations should be very concerned about an employee's nationality.
D)suggests that corporations pay a lot of attention to such research.
E)suggests that the influence of nationality on corporate culture is growing.

Question 14

Studies have shown that than any other factor.

A)significant others
B)religion
C)education
D)chief executive officers
E)ethical issues within the organization have more impact on a worker's decisions on a daily basis

Question 15

involves subordinates simply following the directives of a superior without question.It demonstrates the influence that significant others can exert in the workplace.

A)Obedience to authority
B)Locus of control
C)Opportunity
D)Transactional leadership
E)Immediate job context

Question 16

is an organizational factor that gives a company specific characteristics.Over time,stakeholders begin to see the company as like a living organism with a mind and will of its own.

A)Oversight
B)Significant others
C)Corporate culture
D)The ethical climate
E)The legal climate

Question 17

have been found to decrease unethical practices and increase positive work behavior.

A)High educational attainment levels
B)High levels of community involvement
C)Charismatic leaders
D)Strong religious beliefs
E)Good personal values

Question 18

People who believe in ,go with the flow because they feel the events in their lives are uncontrollable.

A)ethical decision making
B)internal locus of control
C)an ethical culture
D)external locus of control
E)significant others.

Question 19

The perceived relevance or importance of an ethical issue to the individual,work group,or organization is

A)organizational culture.
B)immediate job context.
C)ethical issue intensity.
D)leadership.
E)locus of control.

Question 20

Studies have found that more than a third of the unethical situations that lower and middle-level managers face come from _____.

A)stakeholder expectations and pressures.
B)pressures to satisfy customers.
C)pressures from the government to perform at a high level.
D)internal pressures and ambiguity surrounding internal organizational rules.
E)investor expectations.

Question 21

Values have all the following characteristics except

A)Provides guidance to organizations
B)Subjective and related to choice
C)Widely accepted
D)Used to develop norms
E)Differs across cultures and firms

Question 22

The relationship between business ethics and age

A)shows a negative correlation.
B)is simple.Greater experience leads to better ethical decision making.
C)is complex,although experience helps older employees make ethical decisions.
D)suggests that employees with less experience have a greater ability to deal with complex industry-specific ethical issues.
E)does not demonstrate a statistically significant correlation.

Question 23

The ethical decision making process in business includes all of the following except

A)Individual factors
B)Opportunity
C)Ethical issue intensity
D)Making ethical decisions
E)Organizational factors

Question 24

institutions include religion,education,and individuals such as the family unit.

A)Social
B)Conservative
C)Economic
D)Liberal
E)Political

Question 25

When we discuss issue.

A)Normative
B)Individual
C)Descriptive
D)Organizational
E)Values-based approaches,we are talking about how organizational decision makers should approach an

Question 26

All of the following are true regarding institutions except

A)Stakeholders closely align with institutions.
B)The regulatory system aligns with political institutions.
C)There is no clear link between institutional theory and the stakeholder orientation of management.
D)Competition relates to economic institutions.
E)Personal values and norms derive from social institutions.

Question 27

All of the following are true with regards to opportunity and ethical decision making except

A)Despite the existence of rules,misconduct can still occur without proper oversight.
B)The opportunities that employees have for unethical behavior in an organization can be eliminated through formal codes,policies,and rules adequately enforced by management.
C)Opportunity also comes from knowledge.
D)The opportunity for unethical behavior can be eliminated with aggressive enforcement of codes and rules.
E)Opportunity results from conditions that either provide rewards or fail to erect barriers against unethical ^behavior.

Question 28

The includes the motivational "carrots and sticks" superiors use to influence employee behavior.

A)Obedience to authority
B)Immediate job context
C)Locus of control
D)Normative approach
E)Descriptive approach

Question 29

All of the following are true with regards to organizational factors except

A)Employees approach ethical issues on the basis of what they learned from others in the organization.
B)An alignment between a person's own values and the values of the organization help create positive ^{organizational outcomes.}
C)Congruence in personal and organizational values is related to commitment,satisfaction,motivation,ethics,work stress,and anxiety.
D)Ethical choices in organizations are most often made individually.
E)Just as a family guides an individual,specific industries give behavioral cues to firms.

Question 30

Normative business ethics takes into account the standards.

A)Descriptive
B)Political
C)Social
D)Economic
E)Normative realities outside the legal realm in the form of industry

Question 31

Companies take basic and translate them into core .

A)Customs,values
B)Values,principles
C)Cultures,principles
D)Cultures,customs
E)Principles,values

Question 32

Employees that see themselves as going with the flow because that's all they can do have a(n)

A)external locus of control.
B)moral intensity
C)obedience to authority
D)opportunity
E)internal locus of control.

Question 33

is the ability to perceive whether a situation or decision has an ethical dimension.

A)Ethical issue intensity
B)Locus of control
C)Ethical awareness
D)Moral intensity
E)Opportunity

Question 34

Trace the ethical decision-making process.You may find it helpful to apply the model to a real business situation or to a hypothetical ethical issue you develop yourself.

Question 35

The ethical decision-making framework includes the concepts of ethical issue intensity,individual factors,organizational factors,and opportunity.Discuss how these concepts influence the ethical decision-making process.

Question 36

culture involves values and norms that prescribe a wide range of behavior for organizational members,while culture reflects the integrity of decisions made and is a function of many factors,including corporate policies, top management's leadership on ethical issues,the influence of coworkers,and the opportunity for unethical behavior.

A)Ethical,corporate
B)External,internal
C)Corporate,ethical
D)Positive,negative
E)Compromising,collaborative

Question 37

The thought experiment used by John Rawls that examined how individuals would formulate principles if they did not know what their future position in society would be is called

A)Equality principle
B)Utilitarian veil
C)Liberty principle
D)Universal principle
E)Veil of ignorance

Question 38

By incorporating objectives into corporate core values,companies begin to view as significant.

A)shareholder,stakeholders
B)stakeholder,shareholders
C)CEO,CEOs
D)customer,customers
E)stakeholder,stakeholders

Question 39

For people who begin the value shift that leads to unethical decisions,which of the following is not a usual justification to reduce and eliminate guilt?

A)I need a paycheck and can't afford to quit right now.
B)Those around me are doing it so why shouldn't I?
C)If I don't do this,I might not be able to get a good reference from my boss when I leave.
D)If I don't do this,I might never be promoted.
E)This is in keeping with my personal morals and the code of conduct,so it is okay.

Question 40

High levels of create a higher probability that firms cut corners because margins are usually low.

A)Profit
B)Return
C)Cooperation
D)Competition
E)Loss

Question 41

Discuss how the three categories of institutions (political,economic,and social)are important in establishing a foundation for normative values.

Question 42

Discuss,with examples,at least three ways that opportunity can affect the decision making process.

Question 43

Describe and demonstrate some of the similarities and differences between principles and values.Why are principles and values important normative considerations in ethical decision making?