Deck 8: Head, Neck and Trunk

Question 1

Which of the following ligaments restricts sidebending or lateral flexion of the spine?

A) PLL
B) ALL
C) Interspinous ligament
D) Intertransverse ligament
E) Supraspinous ligament

Answer 1

Intertransverse ligament

Question 2

This ligament is broader in the cervical spine and narrower in the lumbar spine:

A) anterior longitudinal ligament
B) posterior longitudinal ligament
C) interspinous ligament
D) intertransverse ligament
E) supraspinous ligament

Answer 2

posterior longitudinal ligament

Question 3

In the mid-thoracic spine, the spinous processes are oriented primarily in a(n) __________ direction.

A) anterior
B) horizontal
C) lateral
D) inferior

Answer 3

inferior

Question 4

Motion at the atlanto-occipital joint primarily takes place in the ________ plane.

A) frontal
B) transverse
C) sagittal
D) coronal

Question 5

The closed packed position of the facet joints is full:

A) flexion
B) extension
C) sidebending
D) rotation

Question 6

The sacroiliac joint is located most closely to which anatomical landmark?

A) Anterior superior iliac spine
B) Posterior superior iliac spine
C) Anterior inferior iliac spine
D) Posterior inferior iliac spine

Question 7

In which position would you expect the lumbar disk pressure to be greatest?

A) Lying down
B) Standing in slight trunk flexion
C) Standing
D) Slouched sitting while holding a 10-pound weight in each hand

Question 8

The interspinous and supraspinous ligaments are ideally positioned to resist ______________ of the spine.

A) forward flexion
B) extension
C) sidebending
D) rotation

Question 9

Which of the following ligaments restricts extension range of motion of the spine?

A) posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL)
B) anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL)
C) interspinous ligament
D) intertransverse ligament
E) supraspinous ligament

Question 10

The facet joints of the lumbar spine (L1-4) are predominately located in the _________ plane.

A) frontal
B) transverse
C) sagittal
D) coronal

Question 11

Under normal, nonpathological conditions, how much of the load do the intervertebral joints bear?

A) 20%
B) 40%
C) 60%
D) 80%
E) 100%

Question 12

The facet joints of C3 through C7 are oriented at a __________ $\degree$ angle between horizontal and frontal planes.

A) 0
B) 30
C) 45
D) 60
E) 90

Question 13

During spinal rotation to the right (C5 on C6), the right inferior articulating facet of C5 moves:

A) anterior and superior
B) anterior and inferior
C) posterior and superior
D) posterior and inferior

Question 14

Motion at the axialatlanto joint primarily takes place in the _________ plane.

A) frontal
B) transverse
C) sagittal
D) coronal

Question 15

The primary motion available at the atlanto-axial joint is:

A) forward flexion
B) extension
C) sidebending
D) rotation

Question 16

The spinous process of T7 is at the level of the _______________.

A) superior angle of the scapula
B) root of the spine of the scapula
C) inferior angle of the scapula
D) acromion process

Question 17

Motion at the atlanto-occipital joint primarily occurs in the ____________ plane.

A) frontal
B) transverse
C) sagittal
D) coronal

Question 18

Protraction of the cervical spine (a forward head) results in what combination of motion?

A) Flexion of the lower and upper cervical spines
B) Flexion of the lower and extension of the upper cervical spine
C) Extension of the lower and upper cervical spines
D) Extension of the lower and flexion of the upper cervical spines

Question 19

Overall, which region of the spine has the most mobility?

A) Craniocervical
B) Thoracic
C) Lumbar
D) Sacral

Question 20

The ligamentum nuchae in the cervical spine is an extension of which ligament?

A) PLL
B) ALL
C) Interspinous ligament
D) Intertransverse ligament
E) Supraspinous ligament

Question 21

The facet joints are classified as amphiarthrodial joints.

Question 22

The intervertebral discs account for ________ of the length of the vertebral column.

A) 10%
B) 25%
C) 40%
D) 55%

Question 23

Nutation occurs when the promontory on the base of the sacrum moves inferiorly and anteriorly while the distal aspect of the sacrum and the coccyx move posteriorly.

Question 24

Deep fibers of the multifidus function to promote compression and stability of the spinal segments they cross.

Question 25

The height of the intervertebral disc is greatest in the lumbar spine.

Question 26

The anterior vertebral structures are primarily responsible for bearing weight.

Question 27

Normal opening of the mouth allows an individual to place the width of four fingers between the teeth.

Question 28

Of the three muscles that comprise the erector spinae, the spinales has the greatest lever arm and hence mechanical advantage for causing lateral spinal flexion (sidebending).

Question 29

When an individual bends forward the spinous processes become approximated.

Question 30

In full spinal extension, the facet joint capsule is maximally taut.

Question 31

Given the orientation of the facet joints between C3 and C7, rotation and sidebending occur together.

Question 32

Unilateral contraction of the left sternocleidomastoid muscle causes _________ rotation and _________ sidebending.

A) right; left
B) right; right
C) left; right
D) left; left

Question 33

In addition to serving as a flexor of the cervical spine, this muscle also has a substantial number of muscle spindles suggesting a proprioceptive role.

A) Rectus capitis anterior
B) Rectus capitis lateralis
C) Longus capitis
D) Longus colli

Question 34

One of the primary responsibilities of the facet joints is to guide motion.

Question 35

Thoracic outlet syndrome is characterized by compression of the neurovascular structures between the anterior and middle scalene muscles.

Question 36

Impairment of the transversus abdominis and multifidus has been associated with individual suffering from low back pain.

Question 37

Spondylolisthesis is most likely to occur at ____________.

A) C1-2
B) C7-T1
C) T12-L1
D) L5-S1

Question 38

Paired contraction of spinal muscles that are posterior to the axis of rotation will cause:

A) flexion
B) extension
C) sidebending
D) rotation

Question 39

Elevation of the lower ribs increases the anterior-posterior diameter of the rib cage.

Question 40

The articular surfaces of C1 and C2 are oriented vertically.

Question 41

During initial opening of the mouth, translation of the mandibular condyles precedes rotation.