Deck 7: Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances

Question 1

Which condition causes pseudohypocalcemia?
1) Hyperkalemia
2) Hyponatremia
3) Hypophosphatemia
4) Hypoalbuminemia

Answer 1

4

Question 2

A client has hypertension and elevated serum calcium concentration. Which condition is likely to occur in the client?
1) Osteopenia
2) Platelet dysfunction
3) Osteomalacia
4) Ventricular fibrillation

Answer 2

1

Question 3

A client has +3 pitting edema on the feet and also has ascites. What is the most important clinical feature to be monitored given this condition?
1) Hemoglobin level
2) Serum albumin level
3) Red blood cells count
4) White blood cells count

Answer 3

2

Question 4

A 55-year-old hypervolemic client has headache, muscle cramp, vomiting, and looks confused. Which condition has the client developed?
1) Hyponatremia
2) Hypernatremia
3) Hypokalemia
4) Hypocalcemia

Question 5

A client is running a high temperature and is found to have fluid volume deficit. Which signs and symptoms are likely to appear in the client because of fluid volume deficit?
1) Orthostatic hypotension
2) Crackles in lungs
3) Dyspnea
4) Poor skin turgor
5) Dark urine with low specific gravity

Question 6

During evaluation of a client who has undergone a bariatric surgery, the nurse finds that the client has an abnormally rapid heartbeat and hypotension. Which condition has the client developed?
1) Dehydration
2) Hypervolemia
3) Hypernatremia
4) None of the above

Question 7

A client has increased serum phosphorus levels. Which condition related to hyperphosphatemia would the nurse expect to find in the client?
1) Hypocalcemia
2) Hypernatremia
3) Hypomagnesaemia
4) Hyperkalemia

Question 8

What is the best intervention to correct hypervolemic hyponatremia in a client diagnosed with a serum sodium level of 120 mEq/L?
1) Administration of tolvaptan
2) Administration of sevelamer
3) Administration of alendronate
4) None of the above

Question 9

Which substance is transported to the cells by facilitated transport?
1) Glucose
2) Sodium
3) Potassium
4) Albumin

Question 10

Which substance can reduce the body's response to cardiac drugs?
1) Calcium
2) Sodium
3) Potassium
4) Magnesium

Question 11

Which condition is called hypocalcemia?
1) Serum calcium less than 8.5 mg/dL
2) Serum calcium less than 2.5 mg/dL
3) Serum calcium less than 1.5 mg/dL
4) None of the above.

Question 12

What is oncotic pressure?
1) The pushing force exerted by water in the bloodstream.
2) The pressure exerted by electrolytes in the bloodstream.
3) The force exerted by albumin in the bloodstream.
4) None of the above.

Question 13

A registered nurse is teaching a student nurse about the reason for the development of natriuresis. Which statement made by the student nurse indicates effective teaching?
1) "Natriuresis develops as a result of the excretion of large amounts of sodium."
2) "Natriuresis develops as a result of the excretion of large amounts of potassium."
3) "Natriuresis develops as a result of increased concentration of potassium and water in the blood."
4) "Natriuresis develops as a result of the reabsorption of sodium into the bloodstream."

Question 14

Which IV fluids should be avoided for a client with cerebral edema?
1) Isotonic solution
2) Hypertonic solution
3) Hypotonic solution
4) None of the above

Question 15

What is the daily potassium requirement of humans for optimal cell functioning?
1) 20 mEq
2) 60 mEq
3) 3.5 mEq
4) 8.5 mEq

Question 16

A client is on digitalis and the lab results show that the client is hypokalemic. What effect could hypokalemia have on the drug administered?
1) It might cause pericarditis.
2) It can cause digitalis toxicity.
3) It can increase the effectiveness of digitalis.
4) It might not have any effect on digitalis.

Question 17

A nurse is caring for a client who has undergone cardiac surgery. What is the best method to assess the client's fluid loss or gain?
1) Measuring body weight and vital signs every day
2) Recording blood pressure and calorie intake every day
3) Recording 24-hour fluid intake and output and calorie intake
4) Taking waist measurement and placing a Foley catheter

Question 18

A client's serum phosphorus level is 5.5 mg/dL. Which clinical manifestations would the client exhibit?
1) Tetany and hypotension
2) Tetany and muscle weakness
3) Ataxia and hypertension
4) Muscle weakness and tremor

Question 19

A client's lab results show overproduction of aldosterone. What is the best nursing intervention to maintain serum electrolytes levels in the client?
1) Administration of spironolactone
2) Recommendation of sodium-rich foods
3) Administer sodium chloride injection
4) Give magnesium sulfate injection

Question 20

A physician orders IV potassium infusion for a hypokalemic client. Which intervention should be avoided by the nurse while administering IV potassium?
1) Administration of hypertonic potassium chloride IV bolus
2) Administration of diluted IV potassium
3) Administration of 20 mEq of potassium chloride
4) Slow administration of potassium supplements

Question 21

What nutritional advice should the nurse give to a hypokalemic client?
1) "Consume more orange juice."
2) "Add dried fruits to your diet."
3) "Consume more bananas and meat."
4) "Consume a low protein diet."
5) "Add more salt to your diet."

Question 22

A registered nurse is teaching a student nurse about the effects of aldosterone. Which statements made by the student nurse are correct?
1) "It increases blood volume."
2) "It increases blood pressure."
3) "It stimulates the excretion of sodium."
4) "It stimulates the reabsorption of potassium."
5) "It decreases renal perfusion."

Question 23

A client's serum sodium level is 140 mEq/L and serum glucose level is 90 mg/dL. The client's blood urea nitrogen is 12 mg/dL. Calculate the serum osmolality of the client.

Question 24

A client's serum magnesium level is 1 mg/dL. What are the possible causes for this finding?
1) Prolonged diarrhea
2) Laxative abuse
3) Liver failure
4) Hyperparathyroidism
5) Lack of vitamin D

Question 25

A registered nurse is teaching a student how to analyze the electrocardiogram of a hypokalemic client. Which statements made by the student nurse indicate effective teaching?
1) "A prolonged PR interval will be observed."
2) "A flattened T wave will be observed."
3) "A prominent U wave will be observed."
4) "Widened P waves will be observed."
5) "A reduced PR interval will be observed."
Completion
Complete each statement.