Deck 15: Arterial Disorders

Question 1

A child who has a fever of 103°F and diarrhea is admitted to the hospital. The parents state that the child has poor oral intake and has joint pain. The diagnostic test report shows that the child has an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and a high platelet count. Which condition has the child probably developed?
1) Kawasaki disease
2) Cryoglobulinemia
3) Raynaud's Disease
4) Wegener's granulomatosis

Answer 1

1

Question 2

A registered nurse is teaching a nursing student about the diagnostic tests for cardiovascular diseases. Which statement made by the student nurse indicates effective learning?
1) "An elevated, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) indicates the client is at a low risk for developing atherosclerosis."
2) "Hypohomocysteinemia places clients at a risk for developing atherosclerosis."
3) "Hypothyroidism is a risk factor for atherosclerosis."
4) None of the above

Answer 2

3

Question 3

A client has a pulsatile mass in the abdomen. Which assessment technique should be avoided until the possibility of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is ruled out?
1) Deep palpation of the abdomen
2) Auscultation of the abdomen for bruit
3) Auscultation of the abdomen for bowel motility
4) All of the above

Answer 3

1

Question 4

Which clinical manifestation is observed in a client who has an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) rupture?
1) Increased blood pressure
2) Cool extremities
3) Hyperthermia
4) Decreased heart rate

Question 5

A registered nurse is teaching a nursing student the effects of medications that are used to treat hyperlipidemia. Which statements of the student nurse indicates effective learning?
1) "Simvastatin blocks the absorption of fats from the intestine."
2) "Cholestyramine blocks the bile acid absorption in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract."
3) "Fenofibrate blocks the breakdown of fats in the tissues."
4) All of the above

Question 6

A nurse hears a bruit while assessing the carotid artery of a client. What could be the reason behind the bruit?
1) Turbulent blood flow in the artery
2) Decreased blood flow in the artery
3) Problems in the tricuspid valve
4) None of the above

Question 7

A 55-year-old client reports severe headache, weight loss, fatigue, stiffness, and pain in the shoulders. Which condition has the client developed?
1) Temporal arteritis
2) Polymyalgia rheumatic
3) Takayasu arteritis
4) None of the above

Question 8

A nurse is caring for a child who has Kawasaki disease and is exhibiting symptoms related to this disease. Which symptom would cause the nurse to be most concerned about the possibility of myocardial infarction?
1) Diarrhea
2) Joint pain
3) Abdominal pain accompanied by vomiting
4) Persistent fever

Question 9

A registered nurse is teaching a nursing student about the effects of glucose on the arteries. Which statement made by the student nurse indicates effective learning?
1) "Increased serum glucose combines with carbon dioxide and causes atherosclerosis."
2) "Increased serum glucose causes endothelial injury, which would lead to atherosclerosis."
3) "Increased serum glucose causes the breakdown of homocysteine and leads to atherosclerosis."
4) All of the above

Question 10

A registered nurse is teaching a nursing student about the diagnosis of Takayasu arteritis. Which statement made by the student nurse indicates effective learning?
1) "A decreased level of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) will be observed in clients who are diagnosed with Takayasu arteritis"
2) "A decreased leukocyte count will be observed in clients who are diagnosed with Takayasu arteritis."
3) "Normocytic anemia might be present in clients who are diagnosed with Takayasu arteritis."
4) All of the above

Question 11

A client reports severe chest pain and a rapid heart rate. A nurse observes a blood pressure difference in the left and right arms. Which difference in blood pressure indicates an aortic dissection?
1) 10 mm Hg
2) 20 mm Hg
3) 15 mm Hg
4) 5 mm Hg

Question 12

Which is the most common type of vasculitis of small-sized arterioles?
1) Raynaud's disease
2) Polyarteritis nodosa
3) Temporal arteritis
4) None of the above

Question 13

A registered nurse is teaching a nursing student the relationship between cardiac output (CO), blood pressure (BP), and peripheral vascular resistances (PVR). The student nurse is asked to recap the mathematical equation that relates the three factors. Which equation provided by the student nurse indicates the need for further teaching?

A) "CO $\times$ PVR = BP"
B) "CO / BP = PVR"
C) "BP / PVR = CO"
D) "PVR / CO = BP"

Question 14

Which diagnostic procedure provides details on the size and location of an aneurysm?
1) X-ray
2) Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) scan
3) Computed tomography (CT) scan
4) All of the above

Question 15

A client reports pain in the calf muscle while walking and exercising, but also reports that the pain is relieved by resting. Which medication would the physician prescribe to the client?
1) Pentoxifylline
2) Aspirin
3) Infliximab
4) Cyclophosphamide

Question 16

A client presents to the emergency room with reports of severe back pain described as a ripping sensation. Further assessment reveals a different blood pressure in the right arm than in the left arm and pallor and tachycardia. Which condition should a nurse suspect?
1) Myocardial infarction
2) Aortic dissection
3) Vasculitis
4) None of the above

Question 17

A nurse is teaching a client who has cardiovascular disease about the dietary sources of cholesterol and their effects on the body. Which statement made by the client indicates the need for further teaching?
1) "I can use sesame and safflower oil for cooking."
2) "I can have salmon and sardines in my diet."
3) "I should avoid using peanut and canola oil."
4) "I can have oatmeal and flaxseeds daily."
Exhibit

Question 18

Which is a risk factor for hypertension?
1) Increased vitamin C in the diet
2) Increased potassium in the diet
3) Insufficient sodium in the diet
4) Insufficient vitamin D in the diet

Question 19

A client who has diabetes is diagnosed with high blood pressure. Which is the preferred medication for the client?
1) Captopril
2) Hydrochlorothiazide
3) Amlodipine
4) All of the above

Question 20

Which is the optimal level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol?
1) 70 mg/dL
2) 110 mg/dL
3) 135 mg/dL
4) 170 mg/dL

Question 21

Which factors should a nurse assess for in a client who has peripheral artery disease (PAD)?
1) Throbbing pulse in the lower extremities
2) Absence of pulsation in the lower extremities
3) Coolness in the lower extremities
4) Increased sensation in the feet
5) Paresthesias in the lower extremities
Completion
Complete each statement.

Question 22

A nurse is reviewing the ankle-brachial index of four clients who are suspected of having peripheral artery disease (PAD). Which client has developed moderate PAD?
1) Client 1
2) Client 2
3) Client 3
4) Client 4

Question 23

A nurse is reviewing the prescription of four clients. Which client is being treated for Takayasu arteritis?
1) Client 1
2) Client 2
3) Client 3
4) Client 4

Question 24

A nurse is recording the blood pressure of four clients. Which client's blood pressure indicates that the client has orthostatic hypotension?
1) Client 1
2) Client 2
3) Client 3
4) Client 4

Question 25

The average heartbeat of a client is 80 beats per minute. The volume of the blood ejected per contraction from the client's left ventricle is 72 mL. What is the cardiac output of the client? Record your answer as a whole number. ____________________