Deck 12: Young Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Question 1

Researchers use which of the following terms to express how we know when certain events in our life "should" occur?

A) age clocks
B) life change units
C) normative transitions
D) initiation rites

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Suppose you survey a population of U. S. married adults about their sexual activity. You should expect that couples in which of the following age groups will report having sex most frequently?

A) couples in their 20s and 30s
B) couples in their 40s and 50s
C) couples in their 60s and 70s, after the children have left home
D) None of the couples reported having sex more frequently, since sexual frequency is unrelated to age.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

After graduating from high school, Tyrone and several of his classmates attended the local community college. Going to college immediately following high school is best considered to be an example of a(n):

A) normative event
B) idiosyncratic event
C) biological-clock-driven event
D) cross-cultural event

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Beginning at about age 38, most women find that:

A) their ovaries release fewer ova and with greater irregularity
B) they begin to enter menopause
C) they experience a "second menarche"
D) their ovaries develop a new supply of ova

Question 5

Which of the following is the term that describes thought that seeks to integrate opposing or conflicting ideas and observations?

A) normative thought
B) dialectical thought
C) preformal thought
D) postformal thought

Question 6

At this stage in his life, Martin is busy with providing money for his family, with working on his relationship with his wife, and with helping his parents adjust to the processes of aging. According to Havighurst's model, which stage of development is Martin most likely in?

A) middle age
B) early adulthood
C) older adulthood
D) adolescence

Question 7

At present, there is no cure for which of the following diseases?

A) herpes
B) syphilis
C) gonorrhea
D) chlamydia

Question 8

As Shelly gets older, she is better able to work productively with people she doesn't like or doesn't respect. This ability is most central to which of the following concepts?

A) formal operations
B) emotional intelligence
C) postformal thought
D) dialectical thought

Question 9

Which of the following is the leading cause of death in young adulthood?

A) murder
B) accidents
C) cancer
D) suicide

Question 10

According to Piaget, at which of the following ages do individuals typically reach the stage of formal operations, and thereby substantially complete their cognitive development?

A) at age 12
B) at age 25
C) at age 55
D) at age 75

Question 11

Jack is 60 years old, has never married, and consequently feels like he "missed out" on the most important thing in life - to fall in love and be in love with another person. According to Erikson's view of adult development, Jack is experiencing a sense of:

A) existential loneliness
B) isolation
C) mistrust of emotions
D) stagnation

Question 12

Sexual orientation is best thought of as being:

A) "either-or," that is, a person has either a same-sex or an opposite-sex orientation
B) the result of biological causes
C) the result of social and psychological causes
D) a continuum, with individuals varying in the degree to which they have same-sex and opposite-sex preferences

Question 13

According to the view of Daniel Levinson, the life structure develops out of which of the following processes?

A) taking on and resolving the tasks of life
B) growing older physically and mentally
C) forming an intimate relationship with a person who loves you
D) raising children and helping them become successful adults
Applied questions:

Question 14

According to the text, all of the following reach their peak during young adulthood EXCEPT:

A) vitality
B) strength
C) endurance
D) visual acuity

Question 15

Although Mary is only 17 years old, she is married, has a child, holds a complex job, and provides the majority of her family's income. To describe Mary as being "like a 30-year-old" would emphasize which of the following concepts?

A) social age
B) biological age
C) chronological age
D) postformal age

Question 16

Jonathon tells his best friend: "I'm going to accept a job offer from a start-up technology company, but if that doesn't work out, I'm sure my parents will bail me out and I can always join the family business." Generalizing from Gould's theory, if Jonathon is typical for people his age, he is most likely about:

A) age 18
B) age 25
C) age 36
D) age 48

Question 17

According to Havighurst, selecting a mate and rearing children are tasks of:

A) late adulthood
B) later maturity
C) middle age
D) early adulthood

Question 18

David has been a defense lawyer for 15 years. Now in his early 40s, he has volunteered his services to battered women in the community. According to Schaie, David's application of his cognitive skills reflects what stage of adult thinking?

A) acquisition
B) achieving
C) reintegrating
D) social responsibility

Question 19

How well a person adapts to environmental demands is most important to the concept captured by which of the following terms?

A) chronological age
B) social age
C) psychological age
D) biological age

Question 20

According to Levinson's original research, women were less likely to have mentors for their career because:

A) they have difficulty in listening to how another person believes they should live their lives
B) they believe that they must achieve career success unaided
C) they choose careers where mentoring is not necessary
D) there are few female mentors available
Applied questions:

Question 21

The periods of early childhood are defined for the most part by _____________, whereas the period of early adulthood is defined for the most part by ___________.

A) social milestones such as learning to love parents; physical milestones such as menopause
B) physical milestones such as learning to walk; social milestones such as getting married
C) chronological age; biological age
D) biological age; chronological age

Question 22

Bernice has recently experienced the sudden and unexpected death of her husband and has lost her job after working at the company for 10 years. Since both of these events were unanticipated, they would best be considered to be:

A) cohort events
B) normative events
C) idiosyncratic events
D) counter-cultural events

Question 23

Researchers use which of the following terms to express how we know when certain events in our life "should" occur?

A) age clocks
B) life change units
C) normative transitions
D) initiation rites

Question 24

Juanita is celebrating her 30^th birthday. The fact that she has lived 30 years best reflects the concept of:

A) biological age
B) social age
C) chronological age
D) psychological age

Question 25

After graduating from high school, Tyrone and several of his classmates attended the local community college. Going to college immediately following high school is best considered to be an example of a(n):

A) normative event
B) idiosyncratic event
C) biological-clock-driven event
D) cross-cultural event

Question 26

According to the text, which of the following types of events typically cause the most stress?

A) events that can be anticipated well in advance
B) normative events
C) idiosyncratic events
D) age-clock events

Question 27

Although Mary is only 17 years old, she is married, has a child, holds a complex job, and provides the majority of her family's income. To describe Mary as being "like a 30-year-old" would emphasize which of the following concepts?

A) social age
B) biological age
C) chronological age
D) postformal age

Question 28

Two of Dr. Brown's patients are in identical health, both having heart disease, diabetes, and limited physical abilities. However, one of these patients is 86 years old and the other is 56 years old. This example best points out what is meant by the term:

A) social age
B) chronological age
C) psychological age
D) biological age

Question 29

Ernest, a 50-year-old man, bar hops every night in search of one-night stands - a behavior more commonly associated with much younger men in their 20s. To say that Ernest acts like a man who is 25 emphasizes the concept of:

A) chronological age
B) biological age
C) social age
D) psychological age

Question 30

According to the text, which of the following spans of years fits within the developmental stage called "middle adulthood" ?

A) 80s and up
B) 60s and 70s
C) 40s and 50s
D) 30s and 40s

Question 31

How well a person adapts to environmental demands is most important to the concept captured by which of the following terms?

A) chronological age
B) social age
C) psychological age
D) biological age

Question 32

Donna is upset because she has returned to college in her late 30s. She feels so "old" and out of step compared to the other students, who nearly all are in their late teens and early twenties. Donna's feeling best reflect the issues surrounding the concept of:

A) idiosyncratic events
B) intimacy
C) postformal thought
D) age clocks

Question 33

Today, about ___ of the female population will live to be 80 years old or older; in 1900 that percentage was about ___.

A) 50%; 30%
B) 50%; 14%
C) 80%; 50%
D) 80%; 40%

Question 34

Lonnie and his friend Jake are both 40 years old, but Lonnie is much more successfully settled in his life. Lonnie is married, is raising a family, and has a job he enjoys; Jake is still dating, has held several jobs that he doesn't like, and he is just "unhappy" with his life. This example emphasizes the idea of:

A) chronological age
B) psychological age
C) biological age
D) living in an ageless society

Question 35

Events that happen at any time without warning and create considerable stress in a person's life are called:

A) contextual
B) normative
C) idiosyncratic
D) dialectic

Question 36

Following graduation from college, Mark and Lisa got engaged and began looking for jobs in the same city. Their situation is typical for the majority of people in their age cohort, so it is called a(n):

A) normative transition
B) idiosyncratic transition
C) anticipated transition
D) cultural transition

Question 37

Events that occur at relatively specific times in the lifespan and which most people in an age cohort experience are referred to by which of the following terms?

A) idiosyncratic events
B) normative events
C) biological-clock-driven events
D) age clocks

Question 38

According to the text, age clocks today, when compared to age clocks 50 years ago, have become:

A) much longer
B) much faster
C) more relevant
D) more blurred

Question 39

In comparison with earlier stages of development, the stage of adulthood is _____ predictable and _____ variable.

A) more; more
B) less; less
C) more; less
D) less; more

Question 40

According to the text, a person's age as measured by the additional number of years she is expected to live is called her:

A) chronological age
B) social age
C) psychological age
D) biological age

Question 41

For adults today, what are the top 3 leading causes of preventable death:

A) smoking, obesity, and alcohol consumption
B) smoking, alcohol consumption, and diabetes
C) diabetes, asthma, and drug addiction
D) obesity, smoking, and diabetes

Question 42

Which of the following is the leading cause of death in young adulthood?

A) murder
B) accidents
C) cancer
D) suicide

Question 43

If the world's fastest 60-year-olds ran a half-marathon race today, what would you expect the winning time would be?

A) 2 hours 20 minutes
B) 2 hour 0 minutes
C) 1 hour 50 minutes
D) 1 hour 10 minutes

Question 44

According to data reported in the text, over the past several years in the United States the death rate associated with AIDS has:

A) increased slightly
B) remained the same
C) decreased slightly
D) decreased substantially

Question 45

Which of the following athletes would be most likely to reach peak performance during adolescence, rather than adulthood?

A) a swimmer
B) a runner
C) a tennis player
D) a golfer

Question 46

Generalizing from race times reported in the text for marathon races, if the world record time for the women's half-marathon was 1 hour 20 minutes in 1900, what would you expect the world record time for women to be today for this race?

A) 1 hour 40 minutes
B) 1 hour 20 minutes
C) 1 hour 15 minutes
D) 45 minutes

Question 47

According to the text, all of the following reach their peak during young adulthood EXCEPT:

A) vitality
B) strength
C) endurance
D) visual acuity

Question 48

According to statistics reported in the text, the use of illicit drugs and driving while drunk both reach their peak in which of the following age groups?

A) 16-22
B) 18-25
C) 20-27
D) 24-30

Question 49

Suppose that Jim wants to become a professional golfer. He should plan to achieve his best game at about what age?

A) age 16
B) age 18
C) age 24
D) age 30

Question 50

Which of the following people would be expected to have the greatest arm strength, leg strength, and hand strength?

A) Fred, who is 39 years old
B) Frank, who is 33 years old
C) Mark, who is 26 years old
D) Paul, who is 23 years old

Question 51

Contextual paradigms generally are most important to consider when investigating developmental changes during which of the following periods of the lifespan?

A) prenatal development
B) infancy and toddlerhood
C) middle childhood
D) middle adulthood

Question 52

Abrams emphasizes to students in her Developmental Psychology class that they must consider multiple interacting forces when trying to understand human development. She is reflecting the central focus of which of the following?

A) psychodynamic theory
B) contextual paradigms
C) normative evens
D) idiosyncratic events

Question 53

What is the leading preventable cause of death?

A) tobacco use
B) suicides
C) accidents
D) HIV infection resulting in AIDS

Question 54

If you and your friends identified the "five best baseball players of all time" and computed the average age at which each of them had his best season, this average age would most likely be:

A) age 19
B) age 22
C) age 25
D) age 30

Question 55

According to data presented in the text, the peak of physiological functioning occurs at about age ____ for people who have active lifestyles and at about age _____ for people who have sedentary lifestyles.

A) 30; 30
B) 40; 20
C) 50; 18
D) 50; 30

Question 56

As people move from young adult into older adulthood, the percentage who meet guidelines for participating in aerobic and muscle strengthening activities:

A) increases
B) decreases
C) remains steady
D) declines to middle adulthood and then increases into older adulthood.

Question 57

What law makes it illegal to discriminate against individuals with disabilities in employment

A) Equal Pay Act
B) Social Security Act
C) Americans with Disabilities Act
D) Equal Employment Opportunity Act

Question 58

At 31 years old, Marco died from the leading cause of death among males in his age group. What did he die from?

A) homicide
B) an accident
C) heart disease
D) HIV infection resulting in AIDS

Question 59

According to the text, decline in which of the following systems is greatest between the ages of 20 and 80?

A) cardiovascular function
B) muscle strength
C) maximum breathing capacity
D) kidney function

Question 60

Which of the following periods of the lifespan has the LOWEST death rate?

A) middle childhood
B) adolescence
C) young adulthood
D) middle adulthood

Question 61

If you were on a quiz show and were asked to estimate the percentage of U. S. adults who have had sexual intercourse before marriage, the most accurate response you could give would be:

A) 50%
B) 62%
C) 75%
D) 95%

Question 62

Suppose you survey a population of U. S. married adults about their sexual activity. You should expect that couples in which of the following age groups will report having sex most frequently?

A) couples in their 20s and 30s
B) couples in their 40s and 50s
C) couples in their 60s and 70s, after the children have left home
D) None of the couples reported having sex more frequently, since sexual frequency is unrelated to age.

Question 63

The average woman is born with approximately how many ova?

A) 10,000
B) 400,000
C) 1,000,000
D) 18,000,000

Question 64

According to data from a study at the University of Chicago, what percentage of people reporting having more than five sexual partners in the past year claim either to be decreasing their sexual activity, going for HIV testing on a regular basis, or using condoms always?

A) 12%
B) 33%
C) 76%
D) 94%

Question 65

In comparison with the percent of young men who used condoms during sexual intercourse in 1982, the percentage who did so in 2008:

A) decreased by 50%
B) remained about the same
C) increased slightly
D) more than tripled

Question 66

Which disorder is most likely to cause urinary tract infection in men?

A) syphilis
B) gonorrhea
C) chlamydia
D) AIDS

Question 67

While already employed

A) a "second chance""
B) a "job guarantee"
C) "reasonable accommodations"
D) a "medical waiver"

Question 68

Generalizing from research presented in the text, which of the following statements about sexual behavior by U.S. adults is FALSE?

A) About one-third of couples have sexual relations at least twice a week.
B) About one-third of couples have sexual relations a few times a year or not at all.
C) Hispanic Americans are far more likely to have frequent sexual relations than are Black or White Americans.
D) A large majority of couples are monogamous.

Question 69

Lorraine complains to her therapist that she and her husband have sex only a few times a year. Lorraine believes that this pattern of sexual activity is very unusual for married couples. If the therapist is knowledgeable about patterns of sexual intercourse, he should respond to Lorraine that in the United States today, about ____ percent of married couples report this pattern of sexual activity.

A) 50%
B) 33%
C) 8%
D) less than 1%

Question 70

Suppose you administer a survey about sexual activity to married couples who are either African American, Hispanic, or white. What results should you expect, if these couples' responses reflect population trends in the U.S. today?

A) African American couples will report having sex much more frequently than the other two groups.
B) Hispanic couples will report having sex much more frequently than the other two groups.
C) White couples will report having sex much more frequently than the other two groups.
D) All couples will report having sex with about the same frequency.

Question 71

In comparison to people growing up in the 1990s, young adults today are more likely to:

A) have unprotected sex, without the use of condoms
B) engage frequently in sexual intercourse, and at younger ages
C) avoid having testing done for STDs, including AIDS testing
D) be more cautious about their sexual activity

Question 72

Difficulty with conception as the result of having a sexually transmitted disease is a significant risk for all of the following EXCEPT:

A) chlamydia
B) syphilis
C) gonorrhea
D) herpes

Question 73

Barbara is writing a research paper on sexually transmitted diseases. If she identifies the STD that is LEAST likely to be contracted by a young adult in the U. S. today, this disease would be which of the following?

A) AIDS
B) chlamydia
C) herpes
D) gonorrhea

Question 74

Beginning at about age 38, most women find that:

A) their ovaries release fewer ova and with greater irregularity
B) they begin to enter menopause
C) they experience a "second menarche"
D) their ovaries develop a new supply of ova

Question 75

Mark is a high school biology teacher who suffered an accident and now cannot use his legs and is in a wheelchair. When he recovered and came back to work, his school moved his biology classroom from the second to the first floor, and they installed a lower lab bench so he could teach effectively in this renovated classroom. The school's response would be considered a good example of:

A) assimilation
B) postformal response
C) reasonable accommodation
D) dialectical response

Question 76

According to the text

A) 25; 15
B) 15; 25
C) 25; 25
D) 15; 15

Question 77

Tom, who is 20 years old, asks his brother, who is 50 years old, what percentage of his friends used condoms when they had sexual intercourse when they were Tom's age. Tom also asks his own friends about their frequency of condom use. If Tom's friends and Tom's brother's friends are typical for people of their generations, you should expect that Tom's friends are about ____ likely to use condoms during intercourse.

A) half as
B) equally
C) 1.5 times as
D) 3 times as

Question 78

Compared to the 1970s, reports of sexual satisfaction among U. S. adults today is _____ and _____ closely tied to whether or not sexual activity results in orgasm.

A) much higher; is
B) much higher; is not
C) about the same; is
D) about the same; is not

Question 79

According to research described in the text, about what percent of married people in the U. S. today have sex at least twice a week?

A) 1%
B) 20%
C) 33%
D) 65%

Question 80

At present, there is no cure for which of the following diseases?

A) herpes
B) syphilis
C) gonorrhea
D) chlamydia