Deck 10: Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Question 1

Suppose you conduct a survey of 9th- and 12th-grade boys and girls. If the students in your survey respond in the same way as did students in 2009, you would expect that, in comparison to girls, boys in 9th grade reported ______ levels of sexual activity and boys in 12^th grade reported _____ levels of sexual activity.

A) higher; lower
B) higher; higher
C) lower; higher
D) about the same; higher

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Typically, girls experience the adolescent growth spurt about:

A) one year before boys
B) two years before boys
C) the same time as boys
D) two years after boys

Answer 2

B

Question 3

If Jason were looking for terms to describe the typical qualities of adolescents and emerging adults in the United States today, he would be correct in using all of the following EXCEPT:

A) age-segregated
B) economically dependent
C) nonconforming
D) vulnerable-to-crisis

Answer 3

C

Question 4

When 17-year-old Paul was discussing his future with his father

A) sensorimotor thought
B) preoperational thought
C) formal operational thought
D) concrete operational thought

Question 5

If you believe they represent a "typical" population of people growing up in the United States at this time, you would expect that about ____ of these students would have had sexual intercourse.

A) 5%
B) 15%
C) 33%
D) 50%

Question 6

The term used to refer to a symbolic event or ritual that marks the transition from childhood to adulthood is called a(n):

A) growth rite
B) puberty rite
C) initiation rite
D) rite of passage

Question 7

According to the text, the rite of passage into adulthood that typically occurs in primitive societies is generally followed immediately by:

A) marriage and full status as an adult
B) a one- or two-year apprenticeship to gain full adult status
C) a period of six or eight years during which the adult roles and norms are learned
D) economic, but not social, independence from the family

Question 8

Joshua's friends tease him because he always tries to conform his behavior to what he believes his friends are doing. In this sense, the stage of moral development that most likely characterizes his behavior would be:

A) premoral
B) preconventional
C) conventional
D) postconventional

Question 9

About what percent of teenage girls in the U. S. become pregnant?

A) 1%
B) 8%
C) 16%
D) 25%

Question 10

As compared to females, males' bodies typically produce more:

A) estrogen
B) progesterone
C) secondary trophic hormones
D) androgenic hormones

Question 11

Which of the following girls would be expected to have her first menstrual period at the youngest age?

A) a girl raised in the Czech Republic
B) a girl raised in the United States
C) a girl raised in the Kikuyu tribe in Africa
D) a girl raised in the Bindi tribe in New Guinea

Question 12

Vicki believes that she is constantly being watched and judged by her friends. According to the view advanced by David Elkind, Vicki is experiencing the:

A) imaginary audience
B) personal fable
C) ascribed identity
D) foundling fantasy

Question 13

The two words that best describe how the brain changes during adolescence are:

A) pruning and myelination
B) birth and death
C) expansion and growth
D) little or none
Applied questions:

Question 14

In contemporary U.S. society, the term "emerging adulthood" would be used most accurately when describing individuals in which of the following age groups?

A) ages 14-18
B) ages 16-18
C) ages 16-22
D) ages 18-24

Question 15

Natalie matured at the same time as most of her male peers and shares their interests and dating activities. She is most likely a(n):

A) early maturer
B) average maturer
C) late maturer
D) prepubescent maturer

Question 16

If you were to explain how sexual attitudes and practices have changed in the United States during the past century, you might want to note the point at which, for the first time, the majority of adolescents no longer believed that premarital sex was neither right nor wrong but rather should be judged based on the couple's relationship. You should associate this change in cultural attitudes with which of the following dates?

A) 1947
B) 1959
C) 1973
D) 1996

Question 17

According to the text, more U. S. adolescent girls become pregnant than adolescent girls from Western European countries because U. S. adolescent girls:

A) are more sexually active
B) will experience more social stigma for an illegitimate birth
C) are less likely to use contraception
D) experience too much affection at home

Question 18

According to the text, the development of fMRI techniques has allowed developmental researchers to investigate brain development more effectively because this technology allows them to perform which of the following types of research?

A) cross-sectional research
B) longitudinal research
C) experimental research
D) correlational research
Applied questions:

Question 19

Even though John has seen other people get into car accidents, he does not believe that such an accident will ever happen to himself. John's perception of personal invulnerability is best considered to be an example of:

A) shared negotiation
B) a personal fable
C) conventional moral reasoning
D) the imaginary audience

Question 20

Which of the following dates would represent the year in which the sexual revolution in the United States was at its highest point?

A) 1957
B) 1963
C) 1978
D) 1995

Question 21

In which of the following societies would you expect the period called "adolescence" to be the longest?

A) the United States during the early 1800s
B) the United States today
C) a hunter-gatherer society in rural South America in the early 1800s
D) a hunter-gatherer society in rural South America today

Question 22

In Jeremy's family, when each child reaches the age of 15, the family has a huge party at which the child is "introduced" as an adult. From that point forward, the child is expected to take on greater responsibilities for supporting the family, and is called by his or her middle name by family members, as a sign of this new status within the family. The term that best describes this transition is:

A) puberty
B) menarche
C) the secular trend
D) rite of passage

Question 23

In a particular African tribe, when adolescent girls reach menarche, there is a ceremony in which they cover themselves in white ashes, and walk through the village singing a song about becoming an adult. This ceremony is a good example of which of the following?

A) an apprenticeship
B) a rite of passage
C) a secular trend
D) a personal fable

Question 24

If Jason were looking for terms to describe the typical qualities of adolescents and emerging adults in the United States today, he would be correct in using all of the following EXCEPT:

A) age-segregated
B) economically dependent
C) nonconforming
D) vulnerable-to-crisis

Question 25

Suppose you asked people in four different age groups to answer the question: "Do you feel that you have reached adulthood?" The age groups are as follows: Group 1: Ages 12-17 years
Group 2: Ages 18-25 years
Group 3: Ages 26-35 years
Group 4: Ages 35-55 years
In which of these groups would you expect more than 10% of the people to answer "no" to this question?

A) only those in Group 1
B) those is Groups 1 and 2
C) those in Groups 1, 2, and 3
D) those in Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4

Question 26

For children in which of the following groups would you expect the period called "adolescence" to be the shortest?

A) children raised in a hunter-gatherer society in rural South America today
B) children in very wealthy families in the United States today
C) children in upper-middle-class families in the United States today
D) children in upper-middle-class families in Japan today

Question 27

Which of the following typically is NOT a characteristic associated with the period of emerging adulthood?

A) instability in their personal life
B) "other"-focused perspective, which helps them avoid thinking about themselves
C) feelings of being "in-between" adolescence and adulthood
D) high hopes and expectations about the future

Question 28

Adolescence in most undeveloped, agriculturally-based cultures typically begins when children enter:

A) the work force
B) industrialized society
C) their reproductive years
D) school

Question 29

Erikson's view of the period of adolescence is best described as a time of

A) storm and stress
B) exploration and experimentation with roles before taking on adult responsibilities
C) prolonged dependence on parents, accompanied by frustration and restlessness
D) great stability and constancy

Question 30

According to the text, which of the following is the typical order of how the children in many agriculturally based cultures become adults?

A) first there is a rite of passage, followed by an apprenticeship, followed by becoming an adult
B) first there is an apprenticeship, followed by a rite of passage, followed by becoming an adult
C) first there is an apprenticeship, followed by becoming an adult, followed by a rite of passage
D) becoming an adult, holding an apprenticeship, and having a rite of passage all occur at the same time

Question 31

To conclude that the period of emerging adulthood is "age-segregated" means that:

A) this developmental period begins and ends at the same age for all people in a society
B) this developmental period is thought by younger and older people to be undesirable and difficult
C) emerging adults hold more ageist prejudices than do younger or older people
D) emerging adults interact mostly with members of their own age group

Question 32

According to the text, the rite of passage into adulthood that typically occurs in primitive societies is generally followed immediately by:

A) marriage and full status as an adult
B) a one- or two-year apprenticeship to gain full adult status
C) a period of six or eight years during which the adult roles and norms are learned
D) economic, but not social, independence from the family

Question 33

In comparison to the late 1800s in the United States, today the period of adolescence is ___________ and it is _________ complex.

A) shorter; more
B) shorter; less
C) longer; more
D) longer; less

Question 34

Historically, rites of passage served to:

A) control the speed of social development
B) indicate that the child has graduated from high school
C) limit the amount of work that parents could expect a child to perform for the family
D) mark a change in status from child to adult

Question 35

In contemporary U.S. society, the term "emerging adulthood" would be used most accurately when describing individuals in which of the following age groups?

A) ages 14-18
B) ages 16-18
C) ages 16-22
D) ages 18-24

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT a secondary sex characteristic?

A) body hair
B) increased fat and muscle
C) maturation of genitalia
D) production of sperm

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT one of the major sex hormones?

A) progesterone
B) testosterone
C) estrogen
D) acetylcholine

Question 38

In comparison to adults in their later-20s, emerging adults in their early 20s generally are _______ age-segregated, ________ economically dependent, and _______ affected by world crises and social issues.

A) more; more; more
B) less; more; less
C) less; more; more
D) more; more; less

Question 39

According to the text, for people in the United States, the portion of the lifespan from age 14 to 18 is best considered to be the period of:

A) early adolescence
B) middle adolescence
C) later adolescence
D) emerging adulthood

Question 40

The term used to refer to a symbolic event or ritual that marks the transition from childhood to adulthood is called a(n):

A) growth rite
B) puberty rite
C) initiation rite
D) rite of passage

Question 41

According to the text, the first indication of puberty for males is which of the following?

A) growth of pubic hair
B) accelerating growth in the testes and scrotum
C) accelerating growth of the penis
D) production of semen with viable sperm

Question 42

In comparison to hormones typically found in men, which of the following are hormones that are found in greater quantities in women?

A) estrogen and progesterone
B) estrogen and testosterone
C) testosterone and progesterone
D) androgen and progesterone

Question 43

Assume that Barbara (a girl) and Brandon (a boy) are typical children growing up in the United States today. You should expect that they will experience the most rapid growth in their height at which of the following ages?

A) Barbara at age 10 and Brandon at age 12
B) Barbara at age 12 and Brandon at age 14
C) Barbara at age 14 and Brandon at age 16
D) Barbara and Brandon both at age 14

Question 44

The text uses which of the following terms to refer to the attainment of sexual maturity in both males and females?

A) puberty
B) menarche
C) the growth spurt
D) the climacteric

Question 45

Typically, girls experience the adolescent growth spurt about:

A) 1 year before boys
B) 2 years before boys
C) the same time as boys
D) 2 years after boys

Question 46

According to the text, hormones are secreted into the bloodstream by:

A) both frontal lobes of the brain
B) capillaries in the circulatory system
C) endocrine glands
D) the liver

Question 47

Each hormone influences a certain set of targets. For example, estrogen causes:

A) the uterus and the breasts to grow
B) the penis to grow
C) the shoulders to broaden
D) hair to grow in the genital area and on the face

Question 48

As compared to females, males' bodies typically produce more:

A) estrogen
B) progesterone
C) secondary trophic hormones
D) androgenic hormones

Question 49

The historical trend toward earlier sexual maturation of adolescents is referred to as:

A) monarchical regression
B) pubertal regression
C) the secular trend
D) classical menarche

Question 50

According to the text, which of the following terms is used to describe the period of rapid growth in physical size and strength that occur during adolescence?

A) pubescent jump
B) massa intermedia
C) growth spurt
D) secondary growth

Question 51

Which of the following is typically the first indication that girls have entered puberty?

A) the peak of the growth spurt
B) the development of breast buds
C) ovulation
D) menarche

Question 52

Mark, who is 14 years old, notices that recently he has become much clumsier. One reason the text suggests for this clumsiness is that the adolescent growth spurt is often accompanied by:

A) asymmetrical growth in legs, feet, arms, and hands
B) excess body fat is being deposited in the breasts, which will later disappear
C) a short-term reduction in the size of the motor cortex in the brain
D) the overproduction of red blood cells that provide excess energy in the muscles

Question 53

Maria (a girl) and Jose (a boy) are fraternal twins and are 10 years old. If their development is typical, Maria should experience the adolescent growth spurt in about ___ more years, and Jose should experience his adolescent growth spurt in about ____ more years.

A) 2; 4
B) 2; 2
C) 1; 3
D) 3; 4

Question 54

Sheila (a girl) and Brian (a boy) are fraternal twins and are 8 years old. If their development is typical, their parents should expect that they will experience the adolescent growth spurt in which of the following patterns?

A) Sheila and Brian will both experience the growth spurt at about the same time.
B) Sheila will experience the growth spurt about 2 years before Brian does.
C) Sheila will experience the growth spurt about 1 year after Brian does.
D) Sheila will experience the growth spurt about 2 years after Brian does.

Question 55

In males, which of the following is typically the first sign that a boy has entered puberty?

A) voice change
B) appearance of pubic hair
C) growth in the size of the testes and scrotum
D) growth in the size of the penis

Question 56

Which of the following terms is used to refer to the time of onset of the first menstrual period?

A) classical menorrhea
B) menarche
C) amenorrhea
D) secular menorrhea

Question 57

According to the text, the greatly expanded production of growth hormones occurs at about age ____ for U.S. girls and about age ____ for U.S. boys.

A) 12; 14
B) 13; 13
C) 10; 9
D) 10; 12

Question 58

Which of the following are most closely involved in regulating the balance in the production of hormones?

A) the endocrine glands and the pituitary gland
B) the endocrine glands and the hypothalamus
C) the pituitary gland and the occipital cortex of the brain
D) the pituitary gland and the hypothalamus

Question 59

Which of the following terms describes the onset of menstrual cycles in females?

A) ovariogenesis
B) ovulation
C) female rite of passage
D) menarche

Question 60

The primary function of the sex glands is to:

A) control sexual excitement in both males and females
B) produce sperm or eggs and to secrete androgens or estrogens
C) control the development of sexual characteristics in both males and females
D) secrete a fluid that changes the chemical balance in the uterus during intercourse

Question 61

Generalizing from research reported in the text, with respect to their physical appearance, most adolescent females:

A) have specific changes they would like to make
B) would make no changes
C) are vague or imprecise about the changes they would make
D) would change everything about their appearance

Question 62

A menstrual cycle in which a mature egg has NOT been produced is described by the term:

A) sebaceous
B) anovulatory
C) marginal
D) counterfactual

Question 63

Jack has low social status among his peers and is perceived as less competent than his peers by his teachers and baseball coach. If Jack's social status results from the timing of his physical maturation, research would suggest that which of the following statements is most likely to be correct?

A) None of the other answers are correct since research has demonstrated that the timing of maturation is unrelated to social status.
B) Jack is most likely an early maturer.
C) Jack is most likely an average maturer.
D) Jack is most likely a late maturer.

Question 64

Nick is a typical teenage boy. When asked what changes he would like to make in his body, he is most likely to comment that he would like to:

A) be thinner
B) be taller and more muscular
C) have better looking hair and a clearer complexion
D) have a more attractive nose and "gorgeous" eyes

Question 65

According to the test, about what percent of teenage girls experience menstrual "cramping" with their menstruation?

A) 10%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 98%

Question 66

Suppose that Megan is researching her family tree and comes across her great-great-great grandmother's diary. She notes that the diary for the year 1840 describes that age at which her ancestor reached menarche. If her grandmother was typical, the diary would note that this ancestor would have been how old?

A) 10 years old
B) 12 years old
C) 14 years old
D) 16 years old

Question 67

If Lucy is an African American girl and Lorraine is a white American girl, you should expect that Lucy will experience menarche at about age ____ and Lorraine will experience menarche at about age ____.

A) 10; 12
B) 9; 13
C) 12; 11
D) 12; 12½

Question 68

Mary is a typical teenage girl. When asked what changes she would like to make in her body, what is she most likely to say?

A) "I would make myself skinnier."
B) "I would make my shoulders narrower."
C) "I would make my ears lie back."
D) "I would make myself 3 inches taller."

Question 69

Natalie matured at the same time as most of her male peers and shares their interests and dating activities. She is most likely a(n):

A) early maturer
B) average maturer
C) late maturer
D) prepubescent mature

Question 70

According to the text, early maturing girls:

A) have fewer opportunities to discuss physical and emotional changes with peers
B) have fewer dates because of being more mature than their male peers
C) tend to feel unattractive
D) are at a disadvantage in most aspects of development

Question 71

Ill-timed maturation typically poses the most significant problems for adolescents in which of the following groups?

A) early-maturing males
B) early-maturing females
C) late-maturing males
D) late-maturing females

Question 72

Which of the following girls would be expected to have her first menstrual period at the youngest age?

A) a girl raised in the Czech Republic
B) a girl raised in the United States
C) a girl raised in the Kikuyu tribe in Africa
D) a girl raised in the Bindi tribe in New Guinea

Question 73

According to research reported in the text, body-image satisfaction is lowest for:

A) girls at age 13 and boys at age 15
B) girls at age 15 and boys at age 13
C) girls and boys at age 13
D) girls and boys at age 15

Question 74

In the United States today, at what age does the typical white girl have her first menstrual period?

A) 9½ years
B) 10½ years
C) 11½ years
D) 12½ years

Question 75

In comparison to late-maturing boys, early maturing boys:

A) are more likely to be the leaders of their peer groups
B) have a more difficult adjustment
C) are more likely to be overly concerned with matters related to social acceptance
D) tend to have higher IQs

Question 76

All of the following are true of early-maturing girls EXCEPT:

A) they go out on dates more frequently than late-maturing girls
B) they are more popular with older boys than late-maturing girls
C) they feel more attractive than late-maturing girls do
D) they are more intelligent than late-maturing girls

Question 77

Linda just started menstruating 2 months ago. Her menstrual cycles are most likely:

A) regular and ovulatory
B) regular and anovulatory
C) irregular and ovulatory
D) irregular and anovulatory

Question 78

The name of the eating disorder in which the primary symptom is that the person is obsessed by thoughts of an unattainable image of "perfect" thinness is:

A) bulimia nervosa
B) anorexia nervosa
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder
D) gordophobia

Question 79

In the United States today, and in comparison to the typical white girl, the typical girl of African American descent reaches menarche about?

A) 3-6 months earlier
B) 3-6 months later
C) 2 years earlier
D) 2 years later

Question 80

The eating disorder that is characterized by cycles of overeating and purging is called:

A) bulimia nervosa
B) anorexia nervosa
C) emotional eating
D) obesity