Deck 13: Adolescents

Question 1

Which of the following is correct?

A) more female adolescents die each year than male adolescents
B) more male adolescents die each year than female adolescents
C) more African-American adolescents die each year than Caucasian-American adolescents
D) more Hispanic-American adolescents die each year than African-American adolescents
E) more Native-American adolescents die each year than African-American adolescents

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Causes of adolescents' deaths found in the vignette near the beginning of Chapter 13 included

A) cancer, homicide, and heart disease
B) congenital malformations, diseases of the heart, and tobacco smoking
C) malignant neoplasms, suicide, and cancer
D) HIV infection, motor vehicle accidents, and suicide by hanging
E) homicide, suicide, and accident (p, 401)

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Which of the following is the best description of "adolescence"?

A) it is equivalent to the teenage years
B) it begins in biology and ends in culture
C) it is defined at its onset by leaving and returning home
D) it ends in puberty
E) it is the same for females as for males

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Noppe and Noppe argued that adolescent understandings of death may be influenced by ambiguities or tensions from

A) biological maturation and sexual development
B) a characteristic inability to engage in hypothetical-deductive thinking
C) lack of egocentrism in adolescence
D) all of these
E) none of these

Question 5

In 2007, individuals aged 10-24 years experienced what percentage of all U.S. deaths?

A) 1.5 percent
B) 3 percent
C) 8 percent
D) 14.4 percent
E) 25 percent

Question 6

Studies of patterns of automobile driving among adolescents have shown that

A) adolescent drivers may perceive positive utility or value in taking certain risks
B) adolescent drivers may be unable or unwilling to recognize the personal implications of mortality
C) adolescent drivers may not perceive risks inherent in their behaviors
D) all of these
E) none of these

Question 7

According to Erikson, the principal developmental task of adolescence is the establishment of

A) a more or less stable sense of personal identity
B) a sense of confidence or basic trust
C) a sense of intimacy versus isolation
D) an orientation towards generativity
E) a more or less reliable sense of ego integrity

Question 8

In Tolstoy's novella, The Death of Ivan Ilych, Ivan says he studied the following syllogism in school: Caius is a man, men are mortal, therefore Caius is mortal. Later in life, Ivan realized
That the true meaning of this syllogism is

A) I am immortal
B) death only happens to others
C) I, too, will die
D) adults are affected by death issues
E) mortality is an abstraction

Question 9

Depending upon the particular adolescent in question and the nature of the experience itself, the death of another person might affect the adolescent's efforts

A) to reestablish intimacy and commitment
B) to achieve competency, mastery, or control
C) to attain emotional separation from parents
D) all of these
E) none of these

Question 10

What is distinctive about the three leading causes of death among American adolescents 15- 24 years of age or older?

A) they are all human-induced
B) they do not include HIV infection
C) they all involve extended dying trajectories
D) most of their accidental deaths do not involve motor vehicles
E) they included heart disease

Question 11

According to Erikson's theory of the human life cycle, the principal virtue to be developed in adolescence is

A) hope
B) love
C) competency
D) fidelity
E) purpose or direction

Question 12

According to Blos, adolescents experience a "second chance" or "second individuation process" in

A) early adolescence
B) middle adolescence
C) late adolescence
D) all of these
E) none of these

Question 13

Which of the following statements about U.S. adolescents is least likely to be true?

A) adolescents in general are very healthy individuals
B) adolescents as a group have a low death rate
C) adolescents die mostly from human-induced causes
D) some adolescents die from natural causes
E) HIV infection is rising in relative significance as a leading cause of death among adolescents

Question 14

The most common natural cause of death among American adolescents as a whole is

A) accidents
B) appendicitis
C) HIV infection
D) suicide
E) none of the above

Question 15

The view that "to be normal during the adolescent period is by itself abnormal" was put forward by

A) Erik Erikson
B) Anna Freud
C) Daniel Offer
D) Carl Jung
E) Albert Bandura

Question 16

Among adolescents 15 years of age and older in the United States the second leading cause of death in 2007 was

A) cancer
B) suicide
C) homicide
D) accidents
E) HIV infection

Question 17

Noppe and Noppe argued that adolescent understandings of death and attitudes toward death may be influenced by

A) changing social relationships associated with moving outside their families of origin
B) their feelings about development and death
C) rapid biological maturation and sexual development
D) all of these
E) none of these

Question 18

Many scholars now agree that the principal task in early adolescence is to achieve

A) intimacy and commitment
B) competency, mastery, or control
C) emotional separation from parents
D) all of these
E) none of these

Question 19

The leading cause of death among U.S. adolescents in 2007 was

A) cancer
B) suicide
C) homicide
D) accidents
E) HIV infection

Question 20

In 2007 in the United States, individuals aged 15-19 years experienced

A) approximately 5,000 deaths
B) a little under 15,000 deaths
C) almost 13,300 deaths
D) approximately 30,000 deaths
E) nearly 22,500 deaths

Question 21

Research has shown that mourning processes in bereaved adolescents

A) are likely not to conform to the characteristics of their distinctive developmental stage
B) appear to be assisted by activities that reduce stress
C) closely parallel those of adults
D) are not helped by support from parents, other relatives, or friends
E) are not usually related to their personal belief systems

Question 22

Alexander and Adlerstein concluded from their research that death has a greater emotional significance for people

A) who are well enmeshed in supportive peer groups
B) who have experienced the "secular trend"
C) who have stable ego self-pictures
D) all of these
E) none of these

Question 23

For peers who are left behind, adolescent suicide is

A) a particularly toxic or difficult form of death
B) essentially indifferent
C) a relatively benign form of death
D) often overlaid by societal approbation
E) usually an uncomplicated experience

Question 24

Adolescents who are coping with a life-threatening illness and dying need to

A) find meaning and purpose in their lives and their deaths
B) have freedom to try out different ways of coping with illness-related challenges
C) live in the present
D) all of these
E) none of these

Question 25

In 20047 in the U.S., homicide deaths among individuals 15-24 years of age represented

A) approximately 5 percent of all homicide deaths in the entire country
B) just less than 10 percent of all homicide deaths in the entire country
C) exactly 15 percent of all homicide deaths in the entire country
D) about 23 percent of all homicide deaths in the entire country
E) over 30 percent of all homicide deaths in the entire country

Question 26

Most adolescents who are coping with a life-threatening illness need to

A) be able to employ defenses in their coping
B) be involved in their care
C) be given accurate information about their situation
D) all of these
E) none of these

Question 27

Research on Canadian high school students who experienced the death of a parent revealed that higher depression inventory scores were found in

A) adolescents with lower scores of perceived social support
B) bereaved versus nonbereaved adolescents
C) adolescents without religious beliefs
D) all of these
E) none of these

Question 28

Which of the following pairs is/are properly matched, that is, describe comparable developmental tasks in adolescence and tasks in adolescent mourning?

A) developing intimacy and reorganization
B) establishing emotional separation and disorganization
C) achieving competency or mastery and protest/searching
D) all of these
E) none of these

Question 29

Before Jeff's dad died of a blood infection after heart surgery, Jeff offered to stay with his dad one day while his mom went shopping. While his mom was gone, Jeff opened a window to get
Some fresh air. The next day, Jeff's dad was readmitted to the hospital with a fever and soon
Died. Jeff believed he was responsible for his father's death. This story teaches us that

A) we should never leave windows open when a person is sick
B) Jeff should not have offered to help
C) Jeff's mom blamed him for her husband's death
D) it would be important for Jeff to know and understand the cause of his father's death
E) Jeff did a bad thing

Question 30

Research on adolescent bereavement has shown that adolescents with high self-concept scores are likely to experience

A) less depression, fear, loneliness, and confusion
B) more depression, loneliness, and anger
C) more confusion, but less anger
D) all of these
E) none of these

Question 31

Which of the following variables is most likely to be associated with difficulties for an adolescent who is coping with bereavement?

A) gender
B) race
C) age
D) low self-concept
E) playing a musical instrument

Question 32

Fleming and Balmer concluded that the most salient or prominent feature of adolescent adjustment following death is

A) ongoing psychological difficulties
B) resiliency
C) vulnerability
D) heightened emotional and interpersonal immaturity
E) none of these

Question 33

In 2007 in the U.S., the largest number of individuals 15-24 years of age who completed a suicide were

A) African-American males
B) African-American females
C) Caucasian-American males
D) Caucasian-American females
E) none of these

Question 34

Indicators that might serve to warn of the danger of adolescent suicide include:

A) talking about suicide in a constructive educational format
B) remarks by adolescents that things would be better if they were no longer around
C) efforts by adolescents to acquire cherished possessions
D) all of these
E) none of these

Question 35

Crisis intervention programs are

A) not a useful model of intervention for adolescents
B) directed primarily at adolescents who are not ambivalent about ending their lives
C) designed to minimize suicidal behaviors in adolescents
D) dependent upon the helping agency initiating telephone contact with distressed adolescents
E) none of these

Question 36

Which of the following appears to decrease risk-taking behavior in early adolescents?

A) a limited appreciation of futurity
B) a high degree of egocentrism
C) a strong sense of invulnerability
D) a belief in personal immortality
E) an increased level of maturity

Question 37

In 2007 in the U.S., homicide was

A) the leading cause of death for early adolescents
B) the leading cause of death for female adolescents
C) the second leading cause of death for middle and late adolescents
D) a phenomenon with higher death rates for Caucasian Americans than African Americans
E) not a leading cause of death for any youths 15-24 years of age

Question 38

Suicidal behavior in American adolescents appears to be associated with

A) adequacies in relationships between adolescents and significant others
B) an absence of pressures to conform with peers
C) an overpowering wish to escape from stressful life situations
D) effective communication and coping skills
E) feelings of hopefulness and helpfulness

Question 39

During the period between 1960 and 1990, suicide rates among American adolescents

A) decreased more rapidly than similar rates for any other age cohort
B) increased more rapidly than similar rates for any other age cohort
C) remained about the same in relationship to similar rates for other age cohorts
D) were unique among all other age cohorts in their stability
E) have attracted decreasing attention

Question 40

Homicide in adolescence is a phenomenon

A) especially prevalent in rural settings
B) with negative effects on primary, not secondary, victims
C) far more an experience of Caucasian Americans than African Americans
D) typically associated with young males acting on their own
E) usually associated with firearms