Deck 21: Special Topic: the Obesity Epidemic

Question 1

Which of the following is not a health risk associated with obesity?

A) type 2 diabetes
B) atherosclerosis
C) type 1 diabetes
D) colon and rectal cancer

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Describe how the FTO gene is an example of epigenetics (the ability of environment to influence how a gene is expressed).

Answer 2

There is a variant of the FTO gene that raises the risk of obesity in people that consume a high-fat diet. If these people eat a diet high in folate and B vitamins, that gene will be turned off.

Question 3

There is a homeostatic or regulatory mechanism that turns appetite and metabolism high or low to maintain the "fat set point." This mechanism is influenced by which of the following?

A) the aroma of food cooking stimulating salivation
B) the amount of time since your last meal
C) a hormone called leptin
D) using more calories than you eat

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Why would a patient with a defect in the obese (ob) gene continue to gain weight while a patient with the normal gene would not? Assume they both eat the same diet and are the same height.

Question 5

To determine your body mass index (BMI), you look at the relationship between ________.

A) your age and height
B) your age and weight
C) your height and weight
D) your weight and gender

Question 6

What is the key difference in defining "obese" and defining "overweight"?

A) An obese person always carries weight as excess muscle.
B) An obese person always carries weight as excess fat.
C) An overweight person always carries weight as excess fat.
D) The two terms mean the same thing.

Question 7

Which is a result of severely restricting calories to lose weight?

A) a successful weight management outcome
B) a loss of body fat only
C) the body increasing its metabolic rate to burn more fat
D) the body slowing its metabolism to conserve energy

Question 8

A year ago, Kurt lost 30 pounds quite rapidly by severely restricting his calories. Over the months following, he has regained 25 of those pounds. Kurt again cuts radically back on his calorie intake to lose the regained weight. This time, he is having more difficulty. What has happened to his body composition and his metabolism to create this difficulty?

Question 9

How can nutrition of the mother during pregnancy affect the risk of the offspring later being susceptible to obesity and cancer?

Question 10

The most successful way to achieve healthy weight loss is ________.

A) a severe restriction of calories
B) gradually changing eating habits
C) using a diet supplement to enhance metabolism
D) eating more meat

Question 11

Obesity rates have been steadily rising since 1985. Discuss how this rising obesity rate may require an increase in the availability of health care services over the next decades.

Question 12

Which is true about the FTO gene?

A) If you carry it, you will be obese.
B) If you carry it, you will have a high metabolism.
C) It can be turned off with a diet high in B vitamins.
D) It can be turned off with a diet higher in fat.

Question 13

Gary and Stan are both about 6 ft tall and maintain a weight of 170 lb. Stan works at a desk and, for entertainment, watches a lot of movies. Gary also works at a desk and, for entertainment, plays on a soccer team. Who has a higher resting metabolism, and why?

A) Because they are the same height and weight, their resting metabolisms are the same.
B) Stan, because his fat cells burn more calories
C) Gary, because his muscle cells burn more calories
D) We need to know more about their dietary habits.

Question 14

Sara is 5 ft 4 in. tall and weighs 115 lb. Katy is 5 ft 10 in. tall and weighs 127 lb. They both have a BMI of 18.5. How can they have the same BMI? What is the value of knowing the BMI?