Deck 20: The Digestive System and Nutrition

Question 1

Eating large amounts of acidic fruits such as limes and grapefruit may have this impact on the body.

A) ulcers
B) scurvy
C) cessation of peristalsis
D) enamel damage

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Pepsinogen is converted to pepsin by the presence of what other substance?

A) intrinsic factor
B) vitamin B12
C) mucus
D) HCl

Answer 2

D

Question 3

This digestive organ absorbs water from indigestible food residue, stores feces, and eliminates feces from the body.

A) small intestine
B) stomach
C) rectum
D) large intestine

Answer 3

D

Question 4

This enzyme will break down starch into smaller subunits.

A) pepsin
B) lipase
C) amylase
D) renin

Question 5

The following products diffuse into the lacteal.

A) triglycerides
B) monosaccharides
C) ions
D) amino acids

Question 6

Erosion of the gastrointestinal tract that results in a sore is called a ________.

A) pore
B) chancre
C) diverticulum
D) peptic ulcer

Question 7

Which of the following is a J-shaped muscular sac that serves in the temporary storage of masticated food while digestive enzymes and HCl are released to digest proteins?

A) large intestines
B) colon
C) stomach
D) esophagus

Question 8

Which of these events occurs normally in swallowing?

A) The larynx rises.
B) The epiglottis rises.
C) The bolus rises.
D) The esophagus closes.

Question 9

This pancreatic enzyme breaks triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids.

A) maltase
B) trypsin
C) carboxypeptidase
D) lipase

Question 10

A PillCam traveling from the pharynx to the stomach will first pass through the ________.

A) tonsil
B) uvula
C) sphincter
D) esophagus

Question 11

These sharply pointed teeth on the sides of the mouth tear food.

A) incisors
B) canines
C) premolars
D) molars

Question 12

Infection with Helicobacter pylori can cause ________.

A) gallstones
B) constipation
C) tooth decay
D) peptic ulcers

Question 13

If a person were unable to produce much of this substance, the gastric juices might destroy the stomach lining.

A) chyme
B) HCl
C) mucus
D) pepsin

Question 14

The stomach begins chemical digestion of which of these substances?

A) fats
B) proteins
C) sugars
D) carbohydrates

Question 15

A passageway shared by the digestive and respiratory systems is the ________.

A) larynx
B) pharynx
C) sinuses
D) esophagus

Question 16

Chyme travels from the stomach to which specific structure?

A) pancreas
B) jejunum
C) duodenum
D) large intestine

Question 17

Adding ________ to municipal water supplies will reduce the rate of tooth decay.

A) chloride
B) peroxide
C) fluoride
D) aldehyde

Question 18

Which of the following is a common ailment characterized by a burning sensation caused by gastric juices backing up into the esophagus?

A) heartburn
B) acidosis
C) porosis
D) gastritic stress

Question 19

If a gallstone were to block the bile duct, which type of food would become more difficult to digest?

A) protein
B) sugar
C) fat
D) starch

Question 20

The innermost lining of the gastrointestinal tract is the ________.

A) serosa
B) muscularis
C) submucosa
D) mucosa

Question 21

It is considered healthy to have high levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDL). Why is this true?

A) HDL is important in making complete proteins.
B) HDL moves cholesterol to the heart.
C) HDL moves cholesterol to the liver for disposal.
D) HDL is a form of saturated fat.

Question 22

________ is a product of the liver. It contains water, ions, cholesterol, pigments, and salts that help in the digestion of lipids.

Question 23

A 60-year-old having frequent constipation runs a greater risk of this condition.

A) diverticulitis
B) peptic ulcer
C) diarrhea
D) appendicitis

Question 24

If you took a new, strong antibiotic, which vitamin would you most likely need that you didn't need before?

A) vitamin A
B) vitamin K
C) vitamin C
D) vitamin E

Question 25

The type of inflammation of the gum in which bacteria grow in pockets between the gums and the teeth and in which teeth may become loose is called ________.

Question 26

Boris has many tattoos and has recently started having a yellowish tinge to his skin. What should he be tested for before he donates blood?

A) HIV
B) cirrhosis
C) hepatitis
D) Helicobacter pylori

Question 27

Your body produces all the following digestive enzymes, but not all of them are produced where they are used. Which of the following is produced at a different location from where it is used?

A) salivary amylase
B) pepsin
C) sucrase
D) lactase

Question 28

Triglycerides initially travel in the bloodstream away from the small intestine in ________ of the lymphatic system.

Question 29

Cleft palate is a hereditary condition in which the maxillae do not completely fuse before birth. Which of the following activities likely will be more difficult with cleft palate?

A) eating and speaking
B) breathing
C) salivating
D) looking over the shoulder

Question 30

Food traveling through the pharynx would next go to the ________.

Question 31

The website www.choosemyplate.gov ________.

A) helps you find restaurants online
B) is a private online store selling dietary supplements
C) promotes USDA's dietary guideline
D) sells kitchenware

Question 32

If a person were born with the inability to produce pepsin, how would this affect his or her digestion?

A) He or she could not break down lactose.
B) He or she would digest proteins with difficulty.
C) He or she would fail to metabolize glucose.
D) He or she would no longer be able to absorb DNA.

Question 33

Each time Cyrus drinks milk, he develops gas, bloating, and abdominal discomfort. Cyrus is probably ________.

Question 34

Carlotta developed indigestion and pain under her navel over the weekend. As the workweek progressed, the pain worsened and moved to a point in the lower right abdomen, and she started to vomit and experience nausea and fever. You suspect that she is suffering from ________.

A) peptic ulcer
B) heartburn
C) colorectal cancer
D) appendicitis

Question 35

A hormone released in the small intestine that stimulates the pancreas to release digestive enzymes and the gallbladder to release bile is known as ________.

A) gastrin
B) secretin
C) cholecystokinin
D) vasoactive intestinal peptide

Question 36

The destruction of this organ would mean that you would no longer be able to absorb vitamin B12 through the digestive system.

A) liver
B) salivary glands
C) large intestine
D) stomach

Question 37

Stratified squamous epithelium is tissue that can take a lot of physical wear and tear, but compared with some other tissues, it does not absorb water-soluble materials well. Which of the following organs is least likely to be lined by this type of tissue?

A) mouth
B) esophagus
C) small intestine
D) anus

Question 38

One sign of yellow fever is that the whites of the eyes and the skin gain a yellowish tint. Given just this information, you can surmise that the cells of which organ are most likely being destroyed?

A) eyes
B) liver
C) stomach
D) pancreas

Question 39

The hormone gastrin is released by the stomach. Its function is to stimulate the release of gastric juices. What is the stimulus to release this hormone?

A) the aroma of food
B) the process of chewing food
C) the distension of the stomach and presence of protein
D) the sight of food

Question 40

Food is sent along the GI tract by means of a wavelike process called ________.

Question 41

The stomach is an extremely hostile place. What protects it from digesting itself?

Question 42

Your mother worries because every time you drink milk, you have abdominal discomfort and bloating. You tell her not to worry. Explain your problem and how you can treat it.

Question 43

________ is a hormone secreted by the cells in the stomach lining that functions to increase release of gastric juices.

Question 44

The ________ is connected to the GI tract and has no digestive function, but it may have a role in the defense of the body against disease. It occasionally becomes inflamed and requires removal.

Question 45

George is experiencing problems with damaged cartilage in his knee and is eating cartilage from the bones of his steak so that his knee will more readily heal. Explain why he is not necessarily going to succeed in speeding up the repair of his knee.

Question 46

The amount of energy required by your body to simply exist is called the ________.

Question 47

During digestion, sodium bicarbonate is released into the small intestine to help neutralize the pH of the acids coming from the stomach. The hormone responsible for stimulating the release of this bicarbonate is called ________.

Question 48

Beneficial bacteria that synthesize vitamin K and some of the B vitamins are an important part of our digestion. The part of the digestive system where these bacteria are found is the ________

Question 49

Most nutrient absorption occurs in the ________, a major organ of the digestive system.

Question 50

The eating disorder characterized by consuming large quantities of food and then vomiting is called ________ nervosa.

Question 51

Except for ________, our cells cannot make vitamins. We must get them from our diet.

Question 52

The measure of how quickly a serving of food can be turned into blood sugar is called the ________.

Question 53

If you had a friend with a peptic ulcer, would you recommend that he or she take aspirin for the pain? Why or why not?

Question 54

The dentist covers the outermost tooth layer, known as the ________, with a protective sealant to keep bacteria in the mouth from damaging it.

Question 55

Plant proteins generally are missing some vital amino acids. They are therefore called ________.

Question 56

The amount of energy contained in a particular food is measured in ________.

Question 57

________ cancer is the second-leading cause of cancer deaths, but early detection by using a long, flexible fiber tube to screen for precancerous polyps can save many lives.

Question 58

Your friend is trying to tell you that human teeth are not alive. You disagree. Why would you say that a tooth in an adult is alive?

Question 59

Emery believes mucus is unhealthy, so he is always spitting it out. Explain to Emery why mucus produced by the GI tract is beneficial.

Question 60

Many cultures in the world do not eat meat as a primary protein source. Often we find dishes of rice and beans (e.g., rice and black beans, rice and tofu, rice and lentils) in the diet of these cultures. Explain why these combinations of foods are found.