Deck 16: Special Topic: Cardiovascular Disease

Question 1

Which of the following lifestyle changes might be used to treat or prevent high blood pressure?

A) a diet high in carbohydrates
B) exercise regularly
C) significant loss of body weight
D) All of the above could help with high blood pressure.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

For which of these patients might Dr. Singh most appropriately prescribe a diuretic? The numbers represent their blood pressures.

A) 110/70
B) 120/80
C) 140/80
D) 168/94

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What are some ways that hypertension can kill?

Answer 3

Hypertension causes the heart to work harder, so the cardiac muscle grows larger. The bigger heart is less efficient in its pumping and can't do the best job of keeping up with metabolic needs in the rest of the body. Because the heart is working so hard, it has greater metabolic demands as well. Hypertension can also damage the kidneys and the inner linings of the arteries.

Question 4

In terms of public health, the major lethal effect of smoking is ________.

A) lung cancer
B) oral-facial cancer
C) peptic ulcers
D) cardiovascular disease

Question 5

Emeliano was flying nonstop from Los Angeles to Tokyo on an important business trip - more than 14 hours in the air. As a result of sitting with his legs bent not being able to walk around, which of the following circulatory conditions does he risk having?

A) atherosclerosis
B) coronary angiography
C) deep vein thrombosis
D) low blood pressure

Question 6

When a leg vein is grafted to provide an alternate route around a point of obstruction between the aorta and a clogged coronary artery, the procedure is called ________.

A) angioplasty
B) a stent
C) coronary bypass
D) coronary infarction

Question 7

Gee Yee was jogging up the hill next to your house when he suddenly had terrible, suffocating pain in his chest. You called the emergency medical technicians (EMTs), and Gee was rushed to the emergency room, where the medical staff will most likely perform this test, which involves the use of an x-ray machine.

A) C-reactive protein
B) coronary angiography
C) electrocardiogram (or EKG, ECG)
D) Western blot

Question 8

Ashante is having surgery for a blocked coronary artery. The physician is inserting a catheter with a tiny balloon to open the blocked vessel. What is this procedure called, and what else might the physician do to keep the artery open in the long term?

Question 9

How could lipids lead to a myocardial infarction?

Question 10

During the summer of 2010, very large forest fires occurred in western Russia. At one point, the cloud of smoke spread over 1000 miles (approximately 1600 km), enveloping a number of cities. The smoke was thicker than any you would see in a tobacco store! Based on the information in this chapter alone, why do you think the daily death rate due to heart disease in Moscow doubled during that time?

Question 11

Viagra® works by dilating the arteries to the penis and other parts of the body. Why shouldn't a person use nitroglycerin at the same time that he is using Viagra®?

Question 12

The path to a myocardial infarction starts with a fat-filled plaque blocking a coronary artery. This condition is called ________.

A) atherosclerosis
B) coronary bypass
C) a stent
D) angioplasty

Question 13

Which of the following is caused by nicotine in cigarette smoke?

A) faster heart rate
B) constriction of blood vessels
C) increased stickiness of platelets
D) Nicotine causes all of the above.