Deck 11: Sensory Systems

Question 1

Henrietta knows her arm's position as she lifts it away from her body in a completely darkened room because her brain is getting information from these general sense receptors.

A) Merkel discs
B) thermoreceptors
C) hair cells
D) Golgi tendon organs

Answer 1

D

Question 2

This layer of the eye contains melanin and arteries that provide other parts with nutrients and oxygen.

A) iris
B) retina
C) choroid
D) sclera

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Natasha has just been diagnosed as having a torn diaphragm. This confuses her, since she knows her diaphragm is just above her abdomen whereas she feels the pain in her neck and upper arms. What she is experiencing is an example of ________.

A) piloerector pain
B) referred pain
C) Pacinian pain
D) epigastritis

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Sound amplification happens in the middle ear because of ________.

A) size difference between the eardrum and oval window
B) lever action of the ossicles
C) resonance in the efferent outer hair cells
D) stapedial reflex

Question 5

Which condition involves an uninjured body part experiencing pain as the result of injury to another part of the body?

A) receptor potential
B) sensory adaptation
C) referred pain
D) interceptors

Question 6

Which of these eye structures is responsible for allowing a person to see color?

A) sclera
B) cones
C) incus
D) rods

Question 7

Charlene loved to eat raw garlic in various dishes. She didn't notice any strong smell, so she couldn't understand why others didn't want to be around her. What sensory phenomenon is she demonstrating?

A) sensory adaptation
B) action potentials
C) receptor potentials
D) accommodation

Question 8

Which receptors are responsible for touch, pressure, hearing, and equilibrium?

A) mechanoreceptors
B) chemoreceptors
C) photoreceptors
D) thermoreceptors

Question 9

Until asked, most people are not aware of the texture of the shirt that they have been wearing all day on their shoulders. What is the term for this phenomenon?

A) action potential
B) threshold level
C) sensory adaptation
D) mechanical accommodation

Question 10

The white portion of the tough outer coat of the eye is called the ________.

A) sclera
B) choroid
C) retina
D) ciliary body

Question 11

The area where the optic nerve leaves the retina and where photoreceptors are absent is called the ________.

A) optic area
B) blind spot
C) fovea
D) cornea

Question 12

The shape of the lens of the eye can be changed to allow focusing on certain objects at different distances from the head. The structure that produces this shape change is the ________.

A) eyelid muscle
B) ciliary body
C) extrinsic muscle
D) papillary muscle

Question 13

Ned is reading his newspaper by holding it at arm's length. Sandra asks him why he isn't holding it closer. He explains that he would not be able to see the print if he held it closer. Which of the following corrective measures would be the best solution for Ned?

A) corneal ring segments
B) retinal transplants
C) convex lenses
D) concave lenses

Question 14

Which of these structures forms the channel that sound travels through to reach the eardrum?

A) auditory tube
B) external auditory canal
C) malleus
D) incus

Question 15

This type of mechanoreceptor is found in the lips, nipples, and fingertips and helps us to precisely determine contact with something else.

A) free nerve endings
B) Pacinian corpuscles
C) hair root plexus
D) Meissner's corpuscles

Question 16

Which of the following is not detected with a special sense?

A) temperature
B) balance
C) smell
D) hearing

Question 17

The photoreceptors are most tightly packed into a specific part of the retina called the ________.

A) optic nerve
B) fovea
C) ciliary body
D) choroid

Question 18

A build-up of pressure in this area causes the eye to change shape and the blood vessels supplying the rods and cones to collapse. This area where the pressure may rise is called the ________.

A) vitreous humor
B) posterior chamber
C) anterior chamber
D) tear glands

Question 19

The correct sequence of sound waves in the ear is ________.

A) stapes > eardrum > malleus > oval window
B) malleus > incus > stapes > oval window
C) eardrum > stapes > incus > malleus > inner ear
D) auditory tube > incus > malleus > stapes > eardrum

Question 20

When you look at a picture of a dog and then correctly identify it, what have you done in your conscious mind?

A) proprioception
B) perception
C) photoreception
D) podsolization

Question 21

________ detect distortions in themselves and nearby structures.

Question 22

________ are rare types of neurons with only a single axon and a single dendrite, which receives messages from the rods and cones.

Question 23

If you boil a cup of water with a tablespoon of dried shitake mushrooms and take a sip after it cools down, your taste receptors will identify the following flavor: ________.

A) sweet
B) salty
C) umami
D) bitter

Question 24

Samantha gets into an elevator in a large skyscraper, and the doors close. She hears no noise, feels no vibration, and sees no movement, but she nevertheless knows that she is on her way up. What specific part of her ear is allowing her to know that she is ascending?

A) saccule
B) utricle
C) organ of Corti
D) stapes

Question 25

Taste buds that are more sensitive to sweet flavors than to others are located ________.

A) on the tip of the tongue
B) on the back of the tongue
C) on the side of the tongue
D) all over the tongue, as sensitivity to sweet is distributed throughout the tongue

Question 26

A jelly-like fluid that prevents the eye from collapsing and holds the retina against the wall of the eye is called the ________.

Question 27

Sensory receptors in muscles and joints that detect ________ never adapt.

Question 28

Sami stepped into a strange, new house but sensed something that brought back a whole flood of memories about his beloved grandmother from long ago. Which sense most likely brought these special memories back?

A) tactile
B) hearing
C) olfaction
D) vision

Question 29

Sensory receptors respond to changes in the environment called ________.

Question 30

There is a tiny muscle attached to the malleus, but if the muscle contracts, the sound will not be efficiently passed to the next structure, which is called the ________.

A) incus
B) stapes
C) tympanum
D) oval window

Question 31

When you walk into your grandma's house, you follow the smell of the baking chocolate chip cookies using ________ cues, but after spending a half an hour in the kitchen, you cannot notice the strong smell anymore because of ________, meaning that your receptors adjusted.

A) visual; sensory adaptation
B) olfactory; stapedial reflex
C) olfactory; sensory adaptation
D) visual; stapedial reflex

Question 32

Hearing loss results from prolonged exposure to sound over ________.

A) 85 dB
B) 100 dB
C) 60 dB
D) This has not yet been determined.

Question 33

________ is caused by excessive pressure in the aqueous humor.

Question 34

Jamal and his friends order some chicken at a new restaurant, but they immediately notice that it tastes bitter. Jamal knows that everyone is really hungry, but he tells them not to eat another bite because the bitterness could potentially mean that ________.

A) the meal contains too much protein
B) the food may be poisoned or spoiled
C) there is probably too much vitamin C
D) unripe fruit was used in the breading around the chicken

Question 35

________ are a type of sensory receptor that consists simply of the tips of dendrites.

Question 36

Mina had a throat infection; in a few days it had spread to her ear. What part of her ear would be affected first?

A) external auditory canal
B) pinna
C) inner ear
D) middle ear

Question 37

This portion of the vestibular apparatus is responsible for dynamic equilibrium.

A) semicircular canals
B) otoliths
C) vestibule
D) sensory cells

Question 38

If light strikes a photopigment, the photoreceptor cell will decrease the amount of ________ it is releasing.

Question 39

________, one type of sensory structure, detect muscle length.

Question 40

Lewis had a hereditary disorder that caused his cochlear hair cells to progressively die, beginning with those nearest to the oval window and then on to the rest of the hair cells. What will be the earliest problem noticed?

A) high-frequency deafness
B) vertigo
C) color blindness
D) anosmia

Question 41

Hari is experiencing intense pain in one point in his body. Maryam has the perfect solution! She has a wonderful drug that is guaranteed to take away all pain, and she wants Hari to take it before going to the doctor. Why should Hari not take the drug, according to the information in this chapter?

Question 42

The ________ is a sheet of tissue that separates the outer ear from the middle ear.

Question 43

Why is the sense of smell associated with memories and emotions?

Question 44

The photoreceptors that allow for an individual's black-and-white vision are known as ________.

Question 45

Although taste cells are not neurons, they generate ________ that are then sent to sensory nerve cells.

Question 46

Bart has just burned his tongue on that hot soup! He is afraid he won't be able to taste anything for the rest of his life. What can you tell him?

Question 47

The ________ is the innermost layer of the eye that is lined with almost a quarter-billion photoreceptors.

Question 48

You spot your friend Enrique and yell to get his attention, but he can't hear you. As you get closer to him, you clearly hear loud music coming from his headphones. What should you warn him about?

Question 49

Compare and contrast the different types of receptors found in the body.

Question 50

What factors can contribute to external ear infections and middle ear infections? Why are children more prone than adults to getting middle ear infections?

Question 51

Explain and describe the five primary tastes. Focus on the location of the taste buds on your tongue and the chemicals they can sense.

Question 52

The cloudiness in the eye lens that blocks light on its way to the retina is called a(n) ________.

Question 53

The part of the inner ear that helps you to know the position of your head with respect to gravity when you are not moving is called the ________.

Question 54

The two basic types of deafness are ________ and ________.

Question 55

If you listen to a rock band at 130 dB, it may cause irreversible hearing damage. In contrast, tasting a boiling hot soup may burn your tongue but does not cause permanent damage. How can you explain this difference?

Question 56

The stapes, malleus, and ________ bones are located in the middle ear.

Question 57

If a person had sensorineural deafness, why would a bone-vibrating hearing aid be useless?