Deck 6: The Skeletal System

Question 1

How many bones are in the human body?

A) 203
B) 206
C) 300
D) 308

Answer 1

B

Question 2

You have fractured your bone and your physician is explaining the healing process to you. She tells you that after the blood clot forms, the next step is the development of the callus. Which of the following describes the structure of the callus?

A) spongy bone
B) compact bone
C) cartilage
D) osteoclasts

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Human growth hormone (HGH) can be used to treat patients with pituitary dwarfism. Today, parents are getting HGH injections for their children to provide an advantage in sports or to enhance their appearance by making them taller. Based on what you know about the process of bone lengthening, what is the most appropriate age group to begin such injections?

A) 3- to 6-year-olds
B) 7- to 10-year-olds
C) 18- to 21-year-olds
D) 21- to 30-year-olds

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Why do women experience the symptoms of osteoporosis more acutely than men?

A) Women have less bone mass and produce less estrogen later in life; these factors accelerate calcium loss.
B) Women have less muscle mass and don't exercise as much.
C) Men don't produce estrogen, so they don't rely on it as much as women do.
D) Men take in more calcium in their diet, so they can't get osteoporosis.

Question 5

Which of the following cells form new bone in bone tissue?

A) osteons
B) osteoblasts
C) osteocytes
D) fibroblasts

Question 6

Calcium intake is important for women during pregnancy. If a woman for whatever reason does not get enough calcium in her diet during pregnancy, what is likely to happen to her bone tissue?

A) She will experience severe bone loss due to the loss of estrogen production during pregnancy.
B) She may experience some bone loss due to the lack of calcium in her diet, but nothing significant.
C) She may experience significant bone loss due to both the lack of dietary calcium and the fact that the fetus requires extra calcium, which will be removed from her own bone tissue.
D) The fetus will be born without a skeleton.

Question 7

Which hormone causes calcium to be released from bone into the bloodstream?

A) Boniva
B) estrogen
C) calcitonin
D) parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 8

Where would we find yellow bone marrow?

A) in the flat bones of the skull
B) surrounding the outside of the long bones
C) surrounding the outside of the flat bones
D) in the shaft of the long bones

Question 9

Which of the following are the bones that form the bridge of the nose?

A) occipital
B) sphenoid
C) nasal
D) temporal

Question 10

Astronauts returning to Earth from an extended stay in space have to be extremely careful not to break a bone. It takes several weeks to restore normal bone strength. Which would be the best regimen to rebuild the lost bone tissue?

A) Stay inactive, avoiding exercise until the lost bone tissue is rebuilt.
B) Hit the gym and get going with a few weeks of heavy weight lifting.
C) Several weeks of swimming will rebuild all lost bone mass.
D) Start with walking and build up to jogging, with an extra regimen of light weight lifting in the gym.

Question 11

Too much calcium in the bloodstream, a condition called hypercalcemia, can be very dangerous. The thyroid gland releases a hormone, calcitonin, when calcium is too high. How does calcitonin lower calcium levels in the blood?

A) It reduces osteoclast activity and increases osteoblast activity.
B) It increases osteoclast activity and reduces osteoblast activity.
C) It reduces both osteoclast and osteoblast activity.
D) It increases both osteoclast and osteoblast activity.

Question 12

Which of the following is incorrect about the human skeleton?

A) It can release phosphorous.
B) It can store fat.
C) It can produce blood cells.
D) It is composed only of a solid nonliving matrix.

Question 13

Which of the following occurs after a calcium-rich meal?

A) Parathyroid hormone stimulates the activities of osteoblasts and removes calcium from the blood.
B) Calcitonin removes calcium from the blood and stimulates the activities of osteoclasts.
C) Parathyroid hormone is released by the thyroid gland to inhibit the activities of osteoclasts.
D) Calcitonin stimulates the activities of osteoblasts and removes calcium from the blood.

Question 14

The number of bones in a newborn exceeds the number of bones in an adult. Why would the number of bones decrease over time?

A) Some bones are lost when they are replaced by adult versions, like the loss of baby teeth.
B) As some bones grow larger, others do not and are no longer needed.
C) The bones of a baby are more fragile than an adult, so more are needed to support the weight of the body.
D) Some of the bones of babies will eventually fuse together to become one larger bone.

Question 15

Which of these cranial bones separates the cranial cavity from the nasal cavity and provides the olfactory nerves with access to the brain?

A) temporal
B) foramen magnum
C) sphenoid
D) ethmoid

Question 16

Forensic scientists may have to identify an adult victim who was lost in the wilderness years ago from the remains found by a hiker. What type of evidence from the bones would they look for to determine the age of the person?

A) the size of the bones and the condition of the growth plate
B) the number of bones
C) any broken bones because the bones of the elderly break easily
D) The bones do not yield much information that can help to determine age.

Question 17

In the spongy bone, which of the following produces blood cells?

A) yellow marrow
B) osteons
C) osteocytes
D) red marrow

Question 18

Which of the following covers compact bone and functions in bone repair and growth?

A) endosteum
B) periosteum
C) diaphysis
D) epiphysis

Question 19

Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system?

A) protects internal organs
B) releases stored calcium and phosphorus when the body needs to use them
C) produces blood cells
D) produces muscle cells

Question 20

Membranous areas in the infant skull that join bones and function to allow for rapid growth of the brain are known as ________.

A) fibrous membrane
B) osteocytes
C) fontanels
D) lacunae

Question 21

Straps of connective tissue that hold bones together, support joints, and direct movement are known as ________.

A) tendons
B) ligaments
C) bursae
D) cartilages

Question 22

________ mostly affects women, when breakdown of the bone outpaces the formation of new bone during bone remodeling.

Question 23

One of the functions of the skeletal system is the storage of ________ and ________.

Question 24

The first step in the healing of a fracture is the formation of ________.

Question 25

Which bone(s) form(s) a connection between the scapula and the sternum to support the pectoral girdle?

A) clavicles
B) vertebrae
C) humerus
D) ribs

Question 26

Which of these bones form the cheekbones in the skulls of mammals?

A) nasal bones
B) fontanels
C) palatine bones
D) zygomatic bones

Question 27

Osteoblasts deposit ________ on the collagen frame during the development of bone from cartilage.

Question 28

A series of interconnected bones that form the backbone of all mammals, fishes, reptiles, and birds is the ________.

A) mandible
B) scapula
C) femur
D) vertebral column

Question 29

Slipped disks are very common in the United States. Which of the following can cause a slipped disk?

A) slipping on the ice in winter and breaking a vertebra of the coccyx
B) improper lifting, leading to a bulge in a disk between two lumbar vertebrae
C) two vertebrae of the sacrum slipping past each other in opposite directions
D) scoliosis

Question 30

Carpal tunnel syndrome is caused by an inflammation of tendons passing through the carpal tunnel of the wrist. What causes this inflammation and pain?

A) The tendons become stretched out and ultimately tear away from the bone.
B) Certain continuous hand motions cause the tendons to repeatedly rub against bone.
C) The associated muscles are too weak and begin to spasm, leading to inflammation.
D) The muscles eventually fatigue and become swollen, thus swelling the tendon.

Question 31

You sprain your ankle at a roller derby practice. How would you treat your injury?

A) First use ice to reduce swelling, and then use heat much later to aid healing.
B) First use heat to aid healing, and use ice later to reduce swelling.
C) Use ice only because it will reduce swelling and increase blood flow to aid healing.
D) Just leave it alone. Ice and heat both make the injury worse.

Question 32

The main weight-bearing bone in the lower extremities is known as the ________.

A) fibula
B) tibia
C) pelvis
D) femur

Question 33

The ________ bones are two small bones found at the corner of the eyes that have a duct system that drains tears from the eyes into the nasal chambers.

A) lacrimal
B) frontal
C) occipital
D) temporal

Question 34

A condition in which the bone is broken down faster than it is built is known as ________.

Question 35

Bands of connective tissue that help muscles attach to bones are termed ________.

A) ligaments
B) cartilage
C) tendons
D) fibrocartilage

Question 36

The bones that make up the digits of the hands or feet are known as the ________.

A) metatarsals
B) carpals
C) phalanges
D) tarsals

Question 37

Which of these joints allow movement in only one plane, such as in the knee or elbow?

A) hinge
B) fibrous
C) ball-and-socket
D) cartilaginous

Question 38

The ________ is the site in long bones that stores fatty tissue used for energy.

Question 39

A cartilage disk that joins the two pelvic bones in the anterior region of the pelvic girdle is known as the ________.

A) pubic symphysis
B) sacrum
C) patella
D) pelvis

Question 40

The hormone ________ removes calcium from the blood and causes it to be stored in the bone.

Question 41

The condition known as cleft palate is due to the ________ bones not fusing properly.

Question 42

Fluid-filled sacs known as ________ function to cushion certain joints, such as the elbow joint.

Question 43

The pectoral girdle is composed of the ________, or shoulder blades, and the collarbones.

Question 44

Vertebrae in the neck are classified as ________ vertebrae.

Question 45

The ________ divides the left and right chambers inside the nose.

Question 46

A(n) ________ is defined as damage to a ligament that can take longer to heal than muscular damage because the ligament does not have a large blood supply.

Question 47

Briefly explain osteoporosis, and identify preventive measures a person can take to reduce the risk of this condition.

Question 48

The ________ girdle connects the legs to the vertebral column.

Question 49

The ________ bone contains the foramen magnum.

Question 50

In addition to support of soft tissue, what are the other five functions of the skeletal system?

Question 51

The ________ joints have no joint cavity and usually do not permit movement. Sutures between skull bones are this kind of joint.

Question 52

Organized sports can be very competitive, even for young children. Little League players are often pushed to develop such skills as perfecting a curve ball. However, repeatedly trying to throw a curve ball can cause injury in growing bone. What part of the bone is most likely affected?

Question 53

A patient with leukemia has blood cells that are not dividing properly and are out of control. Treatment consists of a bone marrow transplant. How would this help?

Question 54

Why would a scientist trying to isolate osteoblasts look between the periosteum and the bone in a young animal to find them?

Question 55

You fall while roller-skating and notice a hematoma on your tibia, suggesting that you damaged the bone. Describe step by step how your bone will heal.

Question 56

Briefly explain the formation of bone in the human body.

Question 57

The ________ forms the lower jaw in humans.

Question 58

Why would a tall woman be at less risk of osteoporosis than a short woman, yet both would be at higher risk than a man?

Question 59

The ________ is formed from two bones that are fused at the midline, forming the upper jaw.

Question 60

You use your computer for several hours every day. Why is it important to have the proper hand rest and an adjustable workstation and to take frequent breaks from typing?

Question 61

Rheumatoid arthritis is the most threatening form of arthritis and often results in a replacement prosthesis of the damaged joint. Explain how this form of arthritis differs from other forms.

Question 62

Arthroscopic surgery is used to repair damage to the knee. What sorts of things can go wrong that can lead to damage in someone's knee?

Question 63

Explain the structure and function of the pectoral and pelvic girdles.

Question 64

Explain the structure and function of the fontanels in an infant. At what age do they disappear?