Deck 6: Section 4: Thinking and Intelligence

Question 1

Twin studies have shown evidence that intelligence is affected by _____.

A) genetics
B) environment
C) both genetics and environment
D) neither genetics nor environment

Answer 1

both genetics and environment

Question 2

Extremely different scores result when a group of people takes the same intelligence test twice. This demonstrates that the intelligence test is _____.

A) reliable
B) valid
C) not reliable
D) not valid

Answer 2

not reliable

Question 3

All of the following are useful heuristics EXCEPT _____.

A) working backward
B) means-end analysis
C) mental set
D) anchoring and adjustment

Answer 3

mental set

Question 4

People often test hypotheses about the way the world works by seeking evidence that supports their beliefs. This tendency is known as _____.

A) illusory correlations
B) mental sets
C) confirmation bias
D) conjunction fallacy

Question 5

_____ refers to accumulated factual knowledge and increases with age.

A) G factor intelligence
B) Crystallized intelligence
C) Street smarts
D) Fluid intelligence

Question 6

People often have trouble solving a problem because they misinterpret the problem. One example of misinterpretation is _____.

A) using a mental set
B) lack of insight
C) using an algorithm
D) fixation

Question 7

Sheetal does not believe the well-established finding that heavy alcohol consumption during pregnancy can harm the unborn child because her cousin's child was born healthy even though her cousin drank every day of her pregnancy. Sheetal's erroneous conclusion is based on _____.

A) the representative heuristic
B) the gambler's fallacy
C) the conjunction fallacy
D) person-who reasoning

Question 8

Which intelligence theorist has shown that average intelligence scores have steadily increased in the United States over the last century?

A) Sternberg
B) Gardner
C) Flynn
D) Spearman

Question 9

A person with an IQ of 100 would be considered _____.

A) a genius
B) above average intelligence
C) of average intelligence
D) mentally retarded

Question 10

After watching five coin tosses land on tails, Pete bets $200 that the next toss will land on heads. What heuristic is most likely guiding Pete's thinking?

A) representative heuristic
B) means-end analysis heuristic
C) availability heuristic
D) anchoring and adjusting heuristic

Question 11

All of the following are one of Gardner's independent intelligences EXCEPT _____.

A) creative intelligence
B) intrapersonal intelligence
C) spatial intelligence
D) musical intelligence

Question 12

When finding a solution to a problem, a(n) _____ guarantees a correct answer, while a(n) _____ gives a quick answer that may or may not be correct.

A) mental set; insight
B) algorithm; heuristic
C) heuristic; mental set
D) insight; algorithm