Deck 4: Section 1: Learning

Question 1

Why was Watson and Rayner's research an example of delayed conditioning rather than trace conditioning?

A) because the loud noise was delayed for several seconds after the white rat was presented
B) because the white rat remained until after the loud noise was heard
C) because the fear response was delayed until after many conditioning trials occurred
D) because there was a delay before the fear response was extinguished

Answer 1

because the white rat remained until after the loud noise was heard

Question 2

Discrimination training involves which of the following?

A) acquisition
B) extinction
C) generalization
D) spontaneous recovery

Answer 2

extinction

Question 3

According to principles of classical conditioning, _____ in Twitmyer's classical conditioning study would be the same as _____ in Pavlov's study.

A) a hammer hitting the knee; food in a dog's mouth
B) a hammer hitting the knee; ringing a bell
C) ringing a bell; food in a dog's mouth
D) ringing a bell; salivating

Answer 3

a hammer hitting the knee; food in a dog's mouth

Question 4

In Bandura's work, reinforcement impacted which of the following?

A) only the learning of a behavior
B) only the displaying of a behavior
C) both the learning and displaying of a behavior
D) Neither learning nor displaying of a behavior was impacted.

Question 5

Using operant conditioning, it is easier to condition an animal to learn a natural behavior rather than one that isn't natural. This occurs because, with a natural behavior, there is a _____.

A) greater probability of spontaneous recovery
B) lesser probability of instinctual drift
C) greater probability of generalization
D) lesser probability of discrimination

Question 6

Which statement about the relationship between the operant response and the discriminative stimulus is TRUE?

A) The operant response is only given in the presence of the discriminative stimulus.
B) The discriminative stimulus extinguishes the operant response.
C) Operant responses are spontaneously recovered only if the discriminative stimulus is presented.
D) The operant response is generalized when the discriminative stimulus is present.

Question 7

In Twitmyer's research, the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) was a _____, and the conditioned response (CR) was a(n) _____.

A) puff of air; eye blink
B) bell; eye blink
C) bell; knee jerk
D) tap of hammer; knee jerk

Question 8

In both positive reinforcement and positive punishment, the word positive refers to which of the following?

A) an appetitive stimulus
B) an aversive stimulus
C) presentation of a stimulus
D) presentation of an appetitive stimulus

Question 9

In both negative reinforcement and negative punishment, the word negative refers to which of the following?

A) an appetitive stimulus
B) an aversive stimulus
C) removal of an aversive stimulus
D) removal of a stimulus

Question 10

Latent learning occurs _____ reinforcement and _____ reinforcement to be demonstrated.

A) with; requires
B) with; does not require
C) without; requires
D) without; does not require

Question 11

After a response is extinguished, what does the cumulative record show?

A) a flat line
B) an increasing line
C) a decreasing line
D) There is no change in the slope of the line.

Question 12

Learning taste aversions is relatively _____ because such learning _____.

A) easy; occurs by observing others as well as by conditioning
B) easy; increases our chances of survival
C) difficult; involves challenging discriminations
D) difficult; involves generalizing to different situations

Question 13

Generalization is the _____ of the conditioned response, and discrimination is the _____ of the conditioned response.

A) speeding up; slowing down
B) slowing down; speeding up
C) broadening; narrowing
D) narrowing; broadening