Deck 2: Section 1: Neuroscience

Question 1

Why is REM sleep sometimes referred to as paradoxical sleep?

A) Brain waves are very slow, even if a person is dreaming about activity.
B) Body muscles are relaxed and immobilized, but the brain is active.
C) Sleepwalking may occur, but memory is not active enough to recall it.
D) Eyes are still, but people feel as if they are watching events in a dream.

Answer 1

Body muscles are relaxed and immobilized, but the brain is active.

Question 2

Why is the pituitary gland referred to as the "master gland"?

A) It is located near the very top of the brain.
B) It controls the functioning of the somatic nervous system.
C) It releases hormones that direct other endocrine glands to release their hormones.
D) All of these are correct.

Answer 2

It releases hormones that direct other endocrine glands to release their hormones.

Question 3

Treating schizophrenia with antipsychotic drugs can lead to side effects that resemble Parkinson's disease because these drugs _____.

A) increase levels of dopamine activity
B) decrease levels of dopamine activity
C) destroy dopamine neurons in the brain
D) destroy dopamine receptors in the brain

Answer 3

decrease levels of dopamine activity

Question 4

Why do neural impulses travel faster in myelinated axons than in unmyelinated axons?

A) Myelin is a better conductor of electricity than other material in the axon.
B) The impulse leaps from gap to gap in the myelin sheath rather than traveling continuously down the axon.
C) Myelin prevents other substances from interfering with the impulse.
D) Unmyelinated axons are less developed than myelinated axons.

Question 5

_____ carry information to the CNS, whereas _____ carry information from the CNS.

A) Motor neurons; interneurons
B) Interneurons; sensory neurons
C) Sensory neurons; motor neurons
D) Motor neurons; sensory neurons

Question 6

When you feel a slap on the left cheek of your face, the _____ cortex in the _____ lobe of the _____ hemisphere is active.

A) motor; frontal; right
B) somatosensory; parietal; right
C) motor; frontal; left
D) somatosensory; parietal; left

Question 7

Sheila was in an accident in which she received damage to her cerebellum. Sheila is MOST likely to have difficulty _____.

A) understanding what she reads
B) playing soccer
C) storing information in short-term memory
D) transferring information from short-term memory to long-term memory

Question 8

Hormones are released _____ and carry their messages more _____ than neurotransmitters.

A) into the bloodstream; quickly
B) into the bloodstream; slowly
C) directly to their target sites; quickly
D) directly to their target sites; slowly

Question 9

In what way is a neuron like a miniature decision-making device?

A) It decides whether or not to accept incoming messages from other neurons.
B) It decides whether or not to manufacture neurotransmitters.
C) It decides whether or not to fire an impulse.
D) It decides how fast an impulse should travel down the axon.

Question 10

Treating Parkinson's disease with L-dopa may lead to which of the following?

A) an increase in the ability of dopamine to cross the blood-brain barrier
B) an increase in the amount of dopamine in the brain
C) an increase in schizophrenic symptoms
D) Treatment of Parkinson's disease with L-dopa may lead to both (b) and (c).

Question 11

Why are drugs that block the reuptake of neurotransmitters considered agonists?

A) They keep neurotransmitters active in the synaptic gap.
B) They increase the production of neurotransmitters.
C) They attach to the receptor cells in the receiving neuron to transmit messages.
D) They encourage continuous release of neurotransmitters from the axon terminal.

Question 12

Which statement about the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems is FALSE?

A) The two systems are connected to different glands and organs, thus explaining their dissimilar effects.
B) The sympathetic nervous system is called our "fight-or-flight" system because it prepares us for action in an emergency situation.
C) The parasympathetic nervous system is called our "rest-and-digest" system because it returns the body to its normal resting state after arousal.
D) Both systems are part of the peripheral nervous system.

Question 13

In laboratory testing of a split-brain patient, suppose a picture of a baseball is flashed only to the patient's left visual field. How would the split-brain patient be able to identify the baseball?

A) by saying the word "baseball"
B) by sense of touch, using the right hand
C) by sense of touch, using the left hand
D) by either saying the word "baseball" or by sense of touch, using the right hand

Question 14

According to the James-Lange theory of emotion, emotion occurs _____ autonomic arousal and the behavioral response. According to the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion, emotion occurs _____ autonomic arousal and the behavioral response.

A) before; after
B) after; before
C) before; at the same time as
D) after; at the same time as

Question 15

Sensory and motor neurons are located _____ nervous system(s) and interneurons are located _____ nervous system.

A) in both the central and peripheral; only in the central
B) in both the central and peripheral; only in the peripheral
C) only in the central; only in the peripheral
D) only in the peripheral; only in the central

Question 16

When you repeat aloud what someone else is saying, which accurately depicts the sequence of brain activity from the time you hear the initial sensory input until the time you prepare to pronounce the words?

A) temporal lobe, Wernicke's area, Broca's area, motor cortex
B) temporal lobe, Broca's area, Wernicke's area, motor cortex
C) frontal lobe, Wernicke's area, Broca's area, somatosensory cortex
D) frontal lobe, Broca's area, Wernicke's area, somatosensory cortex