Deck 9: Three Tests of Significance

Question 1

The t-test may be expressed as:

A) difference between means standard deviation
B) standard error of difference difference between means
C) difference between means standard error of the difference
D) standard error of the difference standard deviation

Answer 1

C

Question 2

When tests of significance are needed for more complex experimental designs, which of the following statistical instruments is used:

A) standard deviation
B) t-test
C) chi-square
D) analysis of variance

Answer 2

D

Question 3

A test of significance reports the probability that:

A) the observed differences are a result of the real world
B) the observed differences are a result of sampling fluctuations
C) the observed differences are important
D) the observed differences are false

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following represents an instance where tests of significance are not appropriate:

A) when a total population is being studied
B) when non-probabilistic sampling has been employed
C) where there is a substantial non-participation rate in the study
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 5

When executing control analyses, a test of significance after the original relationship has been tested is:

A) vital
B) relevant if the relationship is spurious
C) of limited use only
D) inappropriate

Question 6

If the probability of an observed difference being a result of sampling error is less than 5%, then:

A) the null hypothesis is usually accepted
B) the null hypothesis is usually rejected
C) the null hypothesis is always rejected
D) the null hypothesis is always accepted

Question 7

Normally, within a chi-square test, the dependent variable is:

A) ratio
B) ordinal
C) interval
D) nominal

Question 8

The ANOVA test of the F distribution may be expressed as:

A) F = random error + possible treatment effects random error
B) F = possible treatment effects + systematic error systematic error
C) F =
D) F = Ax + By + c

Question 9

To accept the null hypothesis when using a between-subjects t-test, which of the following conditions must satisfied:

A) having too little variance within the group
B) having too little between group variation compared to within group variation
C) having too little variation within the 5% zone of rejection
D) having no variation within the 5% zone of rejection

Question 10

The distribution associated with the analysis of variance is:

A) the normal distribution
B) bi-modal distribution
C) platykurtic distribution
D) F distribution

Question 11

Analysis of variance is typically used when:

A) the dependent variable is of the ratio level
B) the treatment variable has 2 or more levels
C) the researcher wants to determine if there are statistically significant differences between the groups
D) all of the above

Question 12

When conducting a two-tailed test, the rejection area is:

A) two 5% zones
B) two 2.5% zones
C) one 2.5% zone
D) one 5% zone

Question 13

The chi-square test is based on:

A) a comparison of the independent and the dependent variables
B) a comparison of the observed and expected frequencies
C) the concept of a linear relationship
D) the null hypothesis

Question 14

The null hypothesis states that:

A) there will be no relationship between the 2 variables
B) there will be a significant relationship between the 2 variables
C) there will be a spurious relationship between the 2 variables
D) there will be a confounding variable involved in the relationship

Question 15

A t-test is used when:

A) the dependent variable is of the ratio level
B) only when sample sizes are large (over 30)
C) group assignment has been done on a non-random basis
D) the treatment variable has only one level

Question 16

If no prediction concerning the direction of the relationship is made, then:

A) a one-tailed test is being conducted
B) a two-tailed test is being conducted
C) the test is not valid or scientific
D) a theory is not being tested

Question 17

The chi-square, represented by x², is expressed by which of the following:

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 18

In conducting a test of significance, the researcher is determining whether the results of one sample fall outside the null hypothesis zone, which usually is:

A) within the 95% zone
B) outside of the 5% zone
C) within the 68% zone
D) outside of the 95% zone

Question 19

ANOVA is used when:

A) the research design employs multiple dependent variables
B) the independent variable has multiple treatment levels
C) the dependent variable is of the nominal level of measurement
D) all of the above

Question 20

To calculate the degrees of freedom, one must employ which of the following:

A) (# of rows - # of columns) 2
B) (# of rows - 1) x (# of columns - 1)
C) (# of rows - 1) (# of columns - 1)
D) _ (# of rows - 1) (# of columns - 1)2