Deck 7: The Vitamins

Question 1

For a man,an adequate daily intake of vitamin A averages around how many micrograms?

A) 700 micrograms
B) 900 micrograms
C) 1,200 micrograms
D) 1,500 micrograms

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin?

A) vitamin C
B) vitamin K
C) vitamin A
D) vitamin D

Answer 2

A

Question 3

What is the name for a compound in food that can be converted into an active vitamin inside the body?

A) coenzyme
B) antivitamin
C) precursor
D) enzyme

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following is required for fat-soluble vitamins to be absorbed?

A) insulin
B) water
C) bile
D) cholesterol

Question 5

Vitamin A plays a critical role in what process?

A) prevention of tooth decay
B) blood clotting
C) reproduction
D) nerve transmission

Question 6

Which of the following is a significant food source of vitamin D?

A) fortified milk
B) cereal
C) margarine
D) tuna

Question 7

What group is most likely to suffer from vitamin D poisoning?

A) children
B) adolescents
C) infants
D) the elderly

Question 8

By definition,a vitamin is which of the following?

A) a non-essential nutrient
B) needed in large amounts
C) indispensable to body function
D) an inorganic compound

Question 9

Diseases of which organ can produce symptoms of vitamin D deficiency?

A) gallbladder
B) kidney
C) small intestine
D) brain

Question 10

The chief function of vitamin E is to serve as what?

A) an anticonvulsant
B) a vitamin antagonist
C) an antioxidant
D) a precursor

Question 11

The amount of vitamin A that a person needs is dependent upon what factor?

A) body weight
B) body composition
C) sex
D) age

Question 12

What is the recommended daily intake for vitamin D for adults over 70?

A) 7 micrograms
B) 10 micrograms
C) 15 micrograms
D) 20 micrograms

Question 13

Which of the following contains active vitamin A?

A) soybeans
B) apples
C) French fries
D) fish oils

Question 14

What is the current DRI committee recommended daily intake for vitamin D for adults between 19 and 50 years of age?

A) 5 micrograms
B) 7 micrograms
C) 10 micrograms
D) 15 micrograms

Question 15

Which of the following is rich in beta-carotene?

A) blueberries
B) beets
C) bok choy
D) potatoes

Question 16

What is the name of the condition that occurs when insufficient vitamin E causes red blood cells to rupture?

A) infantile anemia
B) vitamin E anemia
C) leukocyte hemolysis
D) erythrocyte hemolysis

Question 17

Any disease that brings about deficiencies of vitamins A,D,E,and K,can also result in malabsorption of what nutrient?

A) water
B) carbohydrate
C) fat
D) protein

Question 18

Which of the following is a symptom of vitamin A deficiency?

A) hair loss
B) joint pain
C) blindness
D) skin rashes

Question 19

Healthy people can eat vitamin A-rich foods in large amounts without risking toxicity.What is a possible exception to this?

A) eggs
B) cheese
C) fortified breakfast cereals
D) liver

Question 20

What is the name for the active form of vitamin A stored in the liver?

A) beta-carotene
B) retinol
C) gamma-tocopherol
D) alpha-A

Question 21

In Canada,which of the following groups has the highest rate of scurvy?

A) people addicted to alcohol
B) vegetarians
C) breastfed infants
D) young women

Question 22

Which of the following is the only animal food source that is rich in vitamin K?

A) eggs
B) fish
C) liver
D) milk

Question 23

Pellagra results from a deficiency of which vitamin?

A) niacin
B) vitamin B₁₂
C) vitamin C
D) thiamin

Question 24

Which of the following foods may assist with the absorption of folate?

A) strawberries
B) milk
C) broccoli
D) citrus fruits

Question 25

For women,the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI)committee recommends how many milligrams per day of vitamin C?

A) 45 milligrams per day
B) 60 milligrams per day
C) 75 milligrams per day
D) 90 milligrams per day

Question 26

A person's need for what vitamin increases with the more polyunsaturated oil that person consumes?

A) vitamin K
B) vitamin A
C) vitamin E
D) vitamin D

Question 27

What vitamin do people need in amounts proportional to their protein intake?

A) folacin
B) niacin
C) vitamin B₆
D) vitamin B₁₂

Question 28

What is one of the most important functions of vitamin C?

A) It protects against nervous system disorders.
B) It prevents blood clotting.
C) It produces and maintains collagen.
D) It maintains bone density.

Question 29

The B vitamins act as part of what?

A) antibodies
B) anticoagulants
C) intrinsic factors
D) coenzymes

Question 30

Which of the following sources supplies about 20 percent of the vitamin E people consume?

A) fortified grains
B) yogurt
C) vegetable oils and products made from them
D) meats,fish,poultry,and eggs

Question 31

Which of the following B vitamins is especially important for women of childbearing age to prevent neural tube defects?

A) vitamin B₆
B) vitamin B₁₂
C) folate
D) biotin

Question 32

Uninformed,strict vegetarians are especially at risk for deficiency of what vitamin?

A) vitamin B₁₂
B) niacin
C) vitamin B₆
D) folate

Question 33

According to population studies,which of the following conditions is more prevalent in people whose diets lack foods rich in beta-carotene?

A) anemia
B) macular degeneration
C) osteomalacia
D) rickets

Question 34

Which of the following is a nonfood source of vitamin K?

A) antibiotics
B) cold temperatures
C) intestinal bacteria
D) sunlight

Question 35

People have a higher incidence of macular degeneration if their diet lacks foods rich in what?

A) vitamin E
B) vitamin C
C) retinol
D) beta-carotene

Question 36

Which of the following groups should NOT take vitamin C supplements?

A) people with too much folate in their blood
B) people with thyroid conditions
C) people with kidney disorders
D) people with colds

Question 37

Which of the following vitamins aids in the conversion of tryptophan to niacin?

A) vitamin C
B) vitamin B₁₂
C) folate
D) vitamin B₆

Question 38

What is the name of the disease that results from thiamin deficiency?

A) beriberi
B) scurvy
C) pellagra
D) osteomalacia

Question 39

Which of the following is among the best natural sources of folate?

A) cereals
B) cooked strawberries
C) cooked turnips
D) raw spinach

Question 40

Which of the following statements best describes the body's handling of water-soluble vitamins?

A) They can easily reach toxic levels.
B) They are stored extensively in tissues.
C) They are easily absorbed and excreted.
D) They are dissolved in fat and water.

Question 41

Xerosis is a condition caused by a deficiency of what vitamin?

A) vitamin E
B) vitamin A
C) vitamin C
D) vitamin D

Question 42

Which of the following is an important way of preventing vitamin loss from cooking vegetables?

A) Drink the water in which the vegetables were cooked.
B) Cook them until they are soft to the touch.
C) Use a lot of water when cooking them.
D) Do NOT overcook them; keep them slightly crisp.

Question 43

Vitamin B₆ helps convert the amino acid tryptophan into which of the following neurotransmitters?

A) calcitonin
B) acetylcholine
C) serotonin
D) melatonin

Question 44

In the 1990s,Health Canada made it mandatory for food manufacturers to fortify bleached wheat flour in products.Their goal was to increase consumption of what nutrient?

A) folate
B) niacin
C) pantothenic acid
D) riboflavin

Question 45

Which of the following diseases occurs less often in populations with high intakes of vegetables and fruits rich in antioxidant nutrients?

A) heart disease
B) osteoporosis
C) hypertension
D) cancer

Question 46

You have a friend who gets very little exposure to the sun,consumes very few calcium-rich foods,and has a two-year-old child and three-month-old twins.Which of the following diseases is she at very high risk for developing?

A) pellagra
B) rickets
C) osteomalacia
D) beriberi

Question 47

Why should people avoid using mineral oil as a laxative?

A) It may result in loss of the fat-soluble vitamins through excretion.
B) It may lead to toxic levels of the fat-soluble vitamins.
C) The body cannot absorb it.
D) It is not an effective laxative.

Question 48

A deficiency of which of the following vitamins causes excess homocysteine to build up in the blood?

A) thiamin
B) vitamin B₁₂
C) pantothenic acid
D) niacin

Question 49

What is the main function of vitamin K?

A) It helps synthesize key bone proteins.
B) It acts as an antioxidant in cell membranes.
C) It influences body functions through its regulation of the genes.
D) It helps synthesize proteins that help clot the blood.

Question 50

Which of the following individuals would be able to make sufficient amounts of vitamin D without having to eat foods containing the vitamin?

A) A person with dark skin who takes a 15-minute walk each day.
B) A person who goes to a tanning booth twice a week.
C) A person who wears light-weight clothing and takes a walk outdoors.
D) A person who works in an office with windows across an entire wall.

Question 51

Which of the following is an antioxidant nutrient that actively scavenges and quenches free radicals in the body?

A) vitamin E
B) riboflavin
C) vitamin K
D) niacin

Question 52

Which of the following individuals is most likely to develop pellagra?

A) a person who does NOT consume meats and eats corn as the dietary staple
B) a person who consumes a mixed diet of meat and plant sources
C) a person who is a vegetarian but consumes milk
D) a person who eats only fish and vegetables

Question 53

Which of the following food options at a fast-food restaurant has better overall nutritional quality and more vitamin A?

A) a cheeseburger
B) a milkshake
C) a salad with cheese and carrots
D) a large serving of fries

Question 54

How do B vitamins interact with energy-yielding foods?

A) B vitamins produce energy only by interacting with carbohydrates.
B) They are NOT a source of energy,but they are needed to convert the foods we eat into energy.
C) They provide an essential source of additional energy.
D) B vitamins produce energy only by interacting with fatty acids.

Question 55

Which of the following foods would you recommend to someone who needs to increase his/her intake of thiamin?

A) orange juice
B) steak
C) legumes
D) spinach

Question 56

What is the name for the type of anemia that results from a vitamin B₁₂ deficiency caused by a lack of intrinsic factor?

A) microcytic anemia
B) pernicious anemia
C) macrocytic anemia
D) sickle-cell anemia

Question 57

According to researchers,which of the following has a positive effect on the immune system?

A) vitamin K
B) vitamin C
C) thiamin
D) niacin

Question 58

A friend is worried that he did not meet the recommended intakes for the fat-soluble vitamins one day.What would you advise him to do?

A) Not be concerned,as long as his diet as a whole provides average amounts that approximate the recommended intakes.
B) Supplement his diet with a vitamin-mineral supplement.
C) Try to consume more fats and oils to get the needed nutrients.
D) Increase his consumption of foods rich in fat-soluble vitamins.

Question 59

What should you do to derive the maximum amount of vitamin C from vegetables?

A) Cook them for longer periods of time.
B) Leave them in their whole form.
C) Eat them in raw form.
D) Consume them promptly after purchasing.

Question 60

Which of the following foods provides the highest amount of vitamin E?

A) whole milk
B) wheat germ
C) pork chop
D) fried chicken leg

Question 61

Identify specific diseases associated with vitamin E deficiency and describe why they have this effect.

Question 62

What is the name given to the drying of the cornea,a symptom of vitamin A deficiency?

A) rhodopsin
B) keratinization
C) xerophthalmia
D) xerosis

Question 63

What group of nutrients helps to extract the energy from food during metabolism?

Question 64

Describe how the B vitamins are related to heart disease.

Question 65

Which two vitamins may act somewhat like hormones,directing cells to convert one substance to another - "store this or release that."

A) C and D
B) K and D
C) E and D
D) A and D

Question 66

What colour does a person's skin turn from consuming toxic levels of vitamin K?

A) yellow
B) orange
C) reddish blue
D) purple

Question 67

Which organ especially benefits from vitamin E's antioxidant qualities?

A) lungs
B) muscle
C) liver
D) heart

Question 68

According to Canada's Food Guide,a person's need for vitamin D increases after what age?

A) 40 years
B) 45 years
C) 50 years
D) 55 years

Question 69

Which two vitamins ensure the health of bones?

A) B₁₂ and D
B) C and D
C) K and D
D) A and B₁

Question 70

Vitamin C supplements will prevent the common cold.

Question 71

Of all the vitamins,which one is most likely to interact with medications?

Question 72

Health Canada recommends that all breastfed healthy term infants in Canada receive a daily supplement of which vitamin?

A) Vitamin B₂
B) Vitamin B₁
C) Vitamin B₁₂
D) Vitamin D

Question 73

An individual suffers from hypoglycemia and an increased sensitivity to insulin.This is indicative of a deficiency of which B vitamin?

A) pantothenic acid
B) riboflavin
C) biotin
D) pyridoxine

Question 74

Compare and contrast the characteristics of the water-soluble vitamins and the fat-soluble vitamins.

Question 75

What is the name of the popular medication that is known to interfere with the action of vitamin K in promoting blood clotting?

A) insulin
B) thyroxin
C) warfarin
D) cobolamin

Question 76

Why are dark-skinned children who live in smoggy northern cities likely to develop rickets?

Question 77

Carnitine,inositol,and lipoic acid are all important vitamins for the body.

Question 78

Differentiate between retinol and beta-carotene and explain what retinol activity equivalents are.

Question 79

Which of the following is potentially the most toxic of all vitamins?

A) vitamin D
B) vitamin K
C) vitamin A
D) vitamin E

Question 80

Which of the following can result from an excess of vitamin A?

A) constipation
B) regular menstruation
C) hair loss
D) hives