Deck 8: Water and Minerals

Question 1

Which of the following is the chief ion used to maintain the volume of fluid outside cells?

A) potassium
B) sodium
C) calcium
D) chloride

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Sharon is looking for a good bottled water.In terms of mineral content,what should she look for?

A) water that is rich in calcium and magnesium and low in sodium
B) water that is rich in potassium and magnesium and high in sodium
C) water that is rich in iron and calcium and high in potassium
D) water that is rich in iron and fluoride and low in potassium

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Approximately what percentage of ingested calcium is absorbed by infants and children?

A) 10%
B) 30%
C) 50%
D) 60%

Answer 3

D

Question 4

What governs water intake?

A) hunger
B) kidney function
C) satiety
D) sodium intake

Question 5

Which of the following minerals is the most abundant in the body?

A) sodium
B) phosphorus
C) iron
D) calcium

Question 6

Which of the following minerals is found in high concentrations in hard water?

A) potassium
B) sodium
C) cadmium
D) magnesium

Question 7

Which of the following helps PREVENT changes in the acid-base balance of body fluids?

A) carbohydrates
B) lipids
C) vitamins
D) proteins

Question 8

How does food processing affect the minerals the food contains?

A) It increases its sodium content.
B) It increases its potassium content.
C) It decreases its sodium content.
D) It decreases its potassium content.

Question 9

If water makes up about 60 percent of the body's weight,how many kilograms of water are found within a 75 kilogram person?

A) 35 kg
B) 39 kg
C) 43 kg
D) 45 kg

Question 10

What is the recommended dietary reference intake (DRI)for calcium for women and men in the 19- to 50-year-old range?

A) 600 mg
B) 800 mg
C) 1,000 mg
D) 1,200 mg

Question 11

Typically,how many milligrams of sodium per day do Canadian men 19 to 30 years of age consume on average?

A) 1,000 milligrams
B) 1,500 milligrams
C) 3,000 milligrams
D) 4,000 milligrams

Question 12

Which of the following organs regulates water excretion?

A) brain
B) liver
C) kidneys
D) lungs

Question 13

Which of the following threats to the body is caused by severe dehydration?

A) low blood pressure
B) fainting
C) seizures
D) kidney stones

Question 14

Which of the following is the first sign of dehydration?

A) confusion
B) fatigue
C) thirst
D) headache

Question 15

Which of the following groups is the best source of calcium?

A) cream cheese,butter,and cream
B) milk,cheese,and yogurt
C) spinach,rhubarb,and Swiss chard
D) cottage cheese,ice cream,and frozen yogurt

Question 16

Which of the following minerals stabilizes bones and makes teeth resistant to decay?

A) fluoride
B) cadmium
C) chloride
D) mercury

Question 17

Water assists in which of the following body functions?

A) providing energy for the body
B) storing fat
C) temperature regulation
D) acid-base regulation

Question 18

Which of the following is the principal positively charged ion inside body cells?

A) sodium
B) potassium
C) calcium
D) magnesium

Question 19

Which of the following factors affects a person's absorption of calcium?

A) gender
B) thyroid hormone levels
C) nutritional status
D) vitamin D status

Question 20

A sufficient amount of which of the following nutrients provides adequate sulphate in the diet?

A) protein
B) carbohydrate
C) fat
D) vitamins

Question 21

How many litres of water and fluid beverages should a man consume each day,under moderate environmental conditions and given a normal diet?

A) 1.5 litres
B) 2.7 litres
C) 3.7 litres
D) 4.0 litres

Question 22

The Tolerable Upper Limit for fluoride for people 8 years of age and over is which of the following?

A) 2.5 milligrams
B) 5 milligrams
C) 7.5 milligrams
D) 10 milligrams

Question 23

Which of the following IMPAIRS iron absorption?

A) vitamin C
B) phytates
C) copper
D) alcohol

Question 24

According to the dietary reference intakes (DRI)recommendations,which one of the following groups should consume 8 mg of iron per day?

A) women 19-50 years of age
B) men
C) women 71 years or older
D) pregnant women

Question 25

Which of the following words best describes the fluoride content of bottled water?

A) moderate
B) unpredictable
C) high
D) low

Question 26

Where is most of the phosphorus found in the body?

A) in the stomach
B) in the spinal column
C) in the liver
D) in the bones and teeth

Question 27

Which of the following is the best source of phosphorus?

A) vegetable protein
B) animal protein
C) fruit
D) grain products

Question 28

Which of the following mineral deficiencies is responsible for a condition known as goitre?

A) iodine
B) selenium
C) fluoride
D) zinc

Question 29

Which of the following foods provides the smallest amount of available zinc?

A) legumes
B) meats
C) poultry
D) shellfish

Question 30

Which of the following groups absorbs the largest amount of calcium?

A) pregnant women
B) adults
C) the elderly
D) infants

Question 31

Which of the following minerals interferes with copper absorption and can cause deficiency?

A) potassium
B) fluoride
C) zinc
D) sodium

Question 32

Chromium works closely with which of the following?

A) collagen
B) hemoglobin
C) insulin
D) enzymes

Question 33

Which of the following parts of the body store over half the body's magnesium?

A) bones
B) kidneys
C) liver
D) teeth

Question 34

Your friend Sophie drinks a large amount of coffee in a day.She says her urine output is increased when she drinks four to five cups daily.What is the role of caffeine on Sophie's urine output?

A) Caffeine is a depressant.
B) Caffeine is a solvent.
C) Caffeine is a stimulant.
D) Caffeine is a diuretic.

Question 35

Which of the following characteristics of water is responsible for its ability to act as a lubricant?

A) its ability to act as a cleansing agent
B) its incompressibility
C) its heat-holding capacity
D) its ability to act as solvent

Question 36

Which of the following minerals must be available for thyroxine to be synthesized?

A) zinc
B) fluoride
C) iron
D) iodine

Question 37

Which of the following types of cancer is associated with low blood selenium?

A) breast cancer
B) prostate cancer
C) colon cancer
D) stomach cancer

Question 38

Which of the following is the principal food source of chloride?

A) plants
B) animal products
C) salt
D) grains

Question 39

Which of the following foods provides the highest amount of zinc?

A) shellfish
B) whole-grain bread
C) spinach
D) legumes

Question 40

Which of the following foods has the LOWEST percentage of water?

A) lean steak
B) margarine
C) Chinese cabbage
D) fresh apple

Question 41

What is the term for essential mineral nutrients that are found in the body in amounts of less than 5 grams?

A) major minerals
B) minor minerals
C) small minerals
D) trace minerals

Question 42

Your best friend complains that she is tired all of the time and has a problem concentrating.In addition,she likes to chew ice.Which of the following mineral deficiencies does your friend most likely have?

A) potassium deficiency
B) zinc deficiency
C) magnesium deficiency
D) iron deficiency

Question 43

At what age does cortical bone loss begin ?

A) 25 years
B) 30 years
C) 35 years
D) 40 years

Question 44

Osteoporosis is most often associated with which of the following factors?

A) higher body fatness
B) lower intensity exercise
C) higher body weights
D) lower body weights

Question 45

Which of the following terms describes the maximum bone density attained at any time in life,usually during adolescence or in early adulthood?

A) peak bone density
B) optimum bone mass
C) peak bone mass
D) preliminary bone mass

Question 46

You examine a child in a health clinic who has growth retardation,impaired immunity,and a poor appetite.This child most likely has a deficiency of which of the following minerals?

A) zinc
B) chromium
C) magnesium
D) iron

Question 47

Which of the following mineral deficiencies can cause damage to the liver?

A) cobalt
B) boron
C) silicon
D) nickel

Question 48

Which of the following types of exercise can improve the outcome of osteoporosis?

A) weight-bearing exercises,such as walking
B) swimming laps or water aerobics
C) skating
D) skiing

Question 49

What is the most common cause of osteoporosis?

A) lack of estrogen in postmenopausal women
B) lack of weight-bearing exercise during the growing years
C) increased bone formation in the elderly
D) too much caffeine

Question 50

Which mineral ion plays a special role as a part of hydrochloric acid?

A) iodine
B) zinc
C) chloride
D) potassium

Question 51

To facilitate iron absorption,which of the following foods would you consume,along with a food source of iron?

A) calcium supplement and whole wheat bread
B) coffee and wheat bran muffins
C) tea and a soy protein hamburger
D) tomato and meat,fish,or poultry

Question 52

Which of the following elements plays a major role in maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance,cell integrity,and is critical to maintaining the heartbeat?

A) sodium
B) chlorine
C) magnesium
D) potassium

Question 53

What dietary interventions can improve osteoporosis?

A) avoiding meat and poultry
B) increasing salt intake
C) eating legumes and vegetables
D) increasing calcium intake

Question 54

What is the tolerable upper intake level for calcium for adults?

A) 500 mg/day
B) 1000 mg/day
C) 1500 mg/day
D) 2500 mg/day

Question 55

Which of the following elements assists in the operation of more than 300 enzymes,is needed for the release and use of energy from the energy yielding nutrients,and directly affects the metabolism of potassium,calcium,and vitamin D?

A) magnesium
B) sodium
C) chlorine
D) phosphorus

Question 56

Which of the following ethnic groups has the highest bone density?

A) Africans
B) Mexican Americans
C) Asians
D) Hispanics

Question 57

Donna's doctor diagnosed her with a condition in which she has both inadequate and impaired red blood cells.What is the name of this condition?

A) anemia
B) iron-deficiency anemia
C) iron deficiency
D) anemic deficiency

Question 58

Which trace mineral is required to produce the active form of vitamin A in visual pigments?

A) zinc
B) iron
C) selenium
D) copper

Question 59

What is the name of the mineral that assists a group of enzymes that works in concert with Vitamin E to prevent the formation of free radicals and prevent oxidative harm to cells and tissues?

A) iodine
B) phosphorus
C) cobalt
D) selenium

Question 60

Which of the following medications blocks damage to the thyroid gland during radiation,and in doing so,helps prevent thyroid cancer?

A) potassium iodide
B) thyroxin iodide
C) magnesium iodide
D) phosphorous iodide

Question 61

Besides bananas,which of the following foods provides an excellent source of potassium?

A) spinach
B) tuna
C) chick peas
D) blueberries

Question 62

What is the name of the trace mineral that works with proteins in every organ and helps approximately one hundred enzymes?

A) fluoride
B) iron
C) selenium
D) zinc

Question 63

What is the major cause of iron deficiency?

A) hereditary defect
B) parasitic infections of the gastrointestinal (GI)tract
C) malnutrition
D) blood loss

Question 64

What is the most reliable source of dietary fluoride?

A) dark green vegetables
B) public water
C) meats and whole grain cereals
D) milk and milk products

Question 65

Which of the following is a sign of iron toxicity?

A) hypochromic anemia
B) weight gain
C) abdominal pains
D) excess energy

Question 66

Which of the following symptoms is very often the first indication that a person has osteoporosis?

A) numbness of the toes
B) a feeling of tenderness in the hips
C) lower back problems
D) a broken hip or wrist

Question 67

What iron-containing compound carries and stores oxygen in the muscles?

A) immunoglobin
B) ferritin
C) myoglobin
D) hemoglobin

Question 68

Which of the following populations is at greatest risk for iron deficiency?

A) adult men
B) elderly women
C) low-income men
D) low-income children

Question 69

What is the most common cause of iron overload?

A) excessive use of iron supplements
B) a genetic predisposition
C) excessive use of iron cookware
D) an injury to the GI tract

Question 70

One of the chief functions of chromium is participation in the metabolism of which of the following?

A) carbohydrates
B) lipids
C) iron
D) proteins

Question 71

Which of the following trace minerals helps form hemoglobin and collagen?

A) selenium
B) fluoride
C) copper
D) chromium

Question 72

A deficiency of which of the following minerals is a very common and preventable cause of mental retardation?

A) zinc
B) iron
C) iodine
D) fluoride

Question 73

What is the name given to the symptom of iron deficiency characterized by the consumption of nonfood substances?

A) piedra
B) Peches syndrome
C) Piters syndrome
D) pica

Question 74

The electrolytes include which of the following groups?

A) chloride,fluoride,and sodium
B) magnesium,potassium,and fluoride
C) sodium,chloride,and potassium
D) iron,calcium,and magnesium

Question 75

Which mineral,if injected into a vein,can stop the heart?

A) potassium
B) magnesium
C) chromium
D) selenium

Question 76

An athlete training in the heat can sweat out a great deal of fluid.Approximately how many litres of fluid can he/she lose per hour of training?

A) 1/2 litre
B) 1 litre
C) 1 1/2 litres
D) 2 litres

Question 77

Which of the following can enhance nonheme iron absorption?

A) tea
B) foods containing vitamin C
C) foods containing vitamin E
D) coffee

Question 78

Anyone who eats a meal high in salt can temporarily increase the body's water content.

Question 79

Which of the following trace minerals assists a group of enzymes and,along with vitamin E,works to prevent the formation of free radicals and prevent oxidation harm to cells and tissues?

A) chromium
B) iron
C) fluoride
D) selenium

Question 80

Jerry needs to reduce his sodium intake.Which of the following foods would you advise Jerry to remove from his diet?

A) scallops
B) milk
C) homemade salad dressing
D) hot dogs